The book gives a broad overview of the Internet of Things (IoT) concept from various angles. The book provides rationale for the concept development, its regulatory and technical background and associated aspects such as the ambient and edge intelligence, fog computing, capillary networks and machine-type communications, etc. Each of these items is then extended in further respective chapters that deal with technicalities behind them. Chapters: 2-5, 8, 10-11 are addressed to those who seek expository IoT-related information on aspects such as the pathloss calculation, narrowband radio interfaces, radiation masks, spectrum matters, medium access control and a transmission frame construction. That section ends with an exhaustive description of the six most popular IoT systems: LoRa, Weightless, SigFox, NB-IoT, LTE-M(TC) and EC-GSM IoT. Specialists and network designers may find chapters 6 and 7 interesting where a novel methodology is proposed for testing narrowband IoT systems performance for immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and multipath propagation, both emulated in artificial conditions of the anechoic and the reverberation chamber.
Author(s): Kamil Staniec
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2020
Language: English
Pages: 208
Preface
Contents
Acronyms
Chapter 1: Internet of Things: Introduction
1.1 IoT: Specificity, Goals and Hopes
1.2 Internet of Things: Definitions and Systematics
1.2.1 The Internet of Things (IoT) Concept
1.2.2 Technical Description of IoT
1.2.3 IoT Basic Characteristics and High-Level Requirements
1.2.4 The IoT Reference Model
1.3 IoT: Risks and Concerns
1.4 New Concepts and Development Forecasts
1.5 The IoT Associated Concepts and Derivatives
1.5.1 The Ambient Intelligence (AmI)
1.5.2 Edge Intelligence and Cloud/Fog Calculations
1.5.3 Capillary Networks and Media Gateways
1.5.4 A Statistical Traffic Model for the Machine-Type Communications
Chapter 2: IoT Networks Standardization and Legal Regulations
2.1 The Smart Metering Concept
2.2 The IEEE P2413 Standard
2.3 Standardization According to ETSI: LTN
2.3.1 Application Scenarios of the LTN (ETSI GS LTN 001)
2.3.2 A Functional Architecture of the LTN (ETSI GS LTN 002)
2.4 Spectral Issues
2.5 Medium Access Techniques in the IoT
2.5.1 The CCA Mechanism
2.5.2 The AFA Technique
2.5.3 The LBT Technique of Polite Medium Access
Chapter 3: Propagation Models for LTN Systems
3.1 The Hata Model
3.1.1 Urban Areas
3.1.2 Suburban Areas
3.1.3 Open Areas
3.2 WINNER+ Model
3.3 A Simple 3GPP Model
3.4 An Extended 3GPP Model
3.4.1 Pathloss
3.4.2 LOS Conditions Probability
3.5 Calculation of Additional Losses
3.5.1 Losses on Scattering Obstacles
3.5.2 Building Penetration Losses: A 3GPP Model
3.5.3 Building Penetration Losses: WINNER+ and ITU-R Models
Chapter 4: Radio Interfaces in LTN Networks
4.1 Spread Spectrum Techniques Used in IoT Systems
4.1.1 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
4.1.2 Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS)
4.2 IoT Systems with Spread Spectrum (OSSS): General Characteristics
4.3 Ultra-Narrowband Transmission: UNB Systems
4.3.1 UNB Systems Uplink (UL) Radio Interface
4.3.2 UNB Systems Downlink (DL) Radio Interface
4.3.3 RFTDMA Multiple Access Mechanism in UNB Systems
Chapter 5: The Internet of Things Narrow-Band LPWAN/UNB Systems
5.1 LoRaWAN (LoRa): Architecture, Radio Interface and Device Classes
5.1.1 LoRaWAN: System Architecture
5.1.2 LoRaWAN: Device Classes
5.1.3 LoRa: Frame Structure, the Most Important Commands
5.1.4 Activation of the End Device
5.1.5 LoRa Physical Layer
5.1.5.1 Modulation and Demodulation
5.1.5.2 Transmission Rate
5.1.5.3 Aggregated Capacity, Logical Channels and Packet Transmission Length
5.1.5.4 Processing Gain, SNR, Sensitivity and MCL
5.2 Weightless (-P): Architecture, Radio Interface and Device Classes
5.3 SigFox: Architecture, Radio Interface and Device Classes
Chapter 6: Performance Measurements Methodology for LTN IoT Systems
6.1 Electromagnetic Interference in Internet of Things Networks
6.2 Measurements of Immunity to Noise and Interference
6.3 Measurements of Immunity to Extremely Multipath Propagation
Chapter 7: LPWAN/UNB IoT Systems Performance Investigations
7.1 LoRa System
7.1.1 Immunity to Noise and Interference
7.1.2 Immunity to the Multipath Propagation
7.1.3 Summary
7.2 Weightless(-P) System
7.2.1 Immunity to Noise and Interference
7.2.2 Immunity to the Multipath Propagation
7.2.3 Summary
7.3 SigFox System
7.3.1 Immunity to Noise and Interference
7.3.2 Immunity to the Multipath Propagation
7.3.3 Summary
Chapter 8: The Cellular Internet of Things Systems (CIoT)
8.1 Functional Assumptions for CIoT Systems
8.2 Energy Efficiency in CIoT Systems
8.2.1 Power Saving Mode (PSM)
8.2.2 Extended Discontinuous Reception Mode (eDRX)
8.3 NB-IoT: Narrowband IoT
8.4 LTE-M(TC): LTE-Machine (Type Communication)
8.5 EC-GSM IoT
Annexes
Annex No. 1
Annex No. 2
Bibliography
Index
