Quantum Nature of Light: From photon states to quantum fluids of light

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A quantum description of light is central to many aspects of the modern quantum technological revolution and key to our understanding and exploitation of photon-matter interactions, interpretation of entanglement, teleportation and quantum metrology. It underpins our comprehension of the quantum nature of information and how we can formulate, manipulate, and process it using physical systems operating on quantum mechanical principles, and a pathway to the building of quantum computing devices.


This book gives a broad perspective on quantum light phenomena. It goes beyond traditional quantum optics, to include quantum fluids of light and the complete electromagnetic vacuum. Important topics for students and researchers working in a large range of areas in the modern quantum technological revolution, from single photon processes to ultra-intense laser physics. This includes atom manipulation with photons, quantum computation, ultrafast lasers, Bose-Einstein condensation of photons, superfluid light, laboratory astrophysics, and the exploration of QED vacuum using ultra-intense lasers. It also includes the axion-photon coupling, which is relevant to the search for dark matter.


The first part of the book includes basic electromagnetic field quantisation, the characterisation of quantum photon states and elementary photon-atom interactions. Secondly, quantum fluids of light are explored such as recent areas as Bose-Einstein condensation, light vortices and superfluid light. Finally, the last section of the book focuses on a more complete description of quantum vacuum, which includes electron-positron states. The book is intended to make the bridge between these three somewhat distinct aspects of the quantum states of light.


The audience for the book includes researchers and advanced students in quantum technology including quantum optics, metrology and computing.


Key Features:


  • Up to date review of the field, including quantum fluids of light
  • Extensive coverage of the topic
  • Key and central theme for modern quantum science and technology
  • Written by a respected expert in the field


Author(s): Jose Tito Mendonca
Series: IOP Series in Quantum Technology
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Year: 2022

Language: English
Pages: 339
City: Bristol

PRELIMS.pdf
Preface
Author biography
J T Mendonça
CH001.pdf
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Motivation
1.2 Photons, waves and fields
1.3 A necessary note
References
CH002.pdf
Chapter 2 Field quantisation
2.1 Quantum mechanical background
2.1.1 Schrödinger picture
2.1.2 Representations
2.1.3 Heisenberg picture
2.1.4 Wigner function
2.2 Harmonic oscillator
2.2.1 Energy levels
2.2.2 Wavefunctions
2.3 Electromagnetic field quantisation
2.3.1 Maxwell’s equations
2.3.2 Field operators
2.4 Canonical quantisation
2.4.1 Variational principle
2.4.2 Lagrangian density
2.5 Photon wavefunction
2.5.1 Riemann–Silverstein vector
2.5.2 Spinor field
2.6 Quantisation in a medium
References
CH003.pdf
Chapter 3 Coherence
3.1 Coherent states
3.1.1 Definition
3.1.2 Overcompleteness
3.1.3 Uncertainties
3.1.4 Displaced vacuum
3.2 Field representations
3.2.1 P-representation
3.2.2 Q-representation
3.2.3 W-representation
3.2.4 G-representation
3.3 Squeezed states
3.4 Correlations
3.4.1 Classical correlations
3.4.2 Quantum correlations
3.4.3 Intensity correlations
3.5 Photon entanglement
References
CH004.pdf
Chapter 4 Photon–atom interactions
4.1 Hamiltonians
4.2 Quantum Rabi model
4.2.1 Basic model
4.2.2 Dressed atom
4.3 Three-level atom
4.3.1 Dark states
4.3.2 Electromagnetic induced transparency
4.4 Spontaneous emission
4.5 Reduced density method
4.5.1 Master equation
4.5.2 Atom in a reservoir
4.6 Resonant scattering
References
CH005.pdf
Chapter 5 Boundary effects
5.1 Cavity losses
5.2 Atom in a cavity
5.3 Beam splitters
5.4 Time refraction
5.5 Temporal beam splitters
5.6 Time-crystals
5.7 Casimir force
5.8 Space-time symmetries
5.8.1 Ray optics
5.8.2 Super-luminal
5.8.3 Vacuum processes
5.9 Curved space-time
References
CH006.pdf
Chapter 6 Laser
6.1 Balance equations
6.1.1 Thermal radiation
6.1.2 Einstein coefficients
6.1.3 Optical pumping
6.2 Laser cavity
6.2.1 Cavity modes
6.2.2 Mode losses
6.3 Phenomenological laser model
6.4 Relaxation oscillations
6.5 Short laser pulses
6.5.1 Q-switching
6.5.2 Mode locking
6.6 Amplified spontaneous emission
6.7 Susceptibility
6.8 Semi-classical laser theory
6.9 Quantum laser theory
References
CH007.pdf
Chapter 7 Bose–Einstein condensates
7.1 Basic concepts
7.1.1 Critical temperature
7.1.2 Mean-field description
7.1.3 Elementary excitations
7.1.4 Vortices
7.1.5 BEC in lower dimensions
7.2 Photon condensation
7.2.1 Basic processes
7.2.2 Temporal evolution
7.3 Condensation in plasma
7.3.1 Compton cooling
7.3.2 Photon interactions
7.3.3 Photon–plasmon coupling
7.4 Polariton condensation
7.5 BEC–laser transition
7.6 Photon kinetics
References
CH008.pdf
Chapter 8 Collective atomic emission
8.1 Superradiance
8.2 Collective recoil emission
8.3 Quantum recoil
8.4 Cyclotron superradiance
References
CH009.pdf
Chapter 9 Light vortices
9.1 Photon OAM
9.2 Light springs and fractional vorticity
9.3 POAM in optical media
9.4 Quantum optics with OAM
References
CH010.pdf
Chapter 10 Superfluid light
10.1 Fluid equations of light
10.2 Superfluid turbulence
10.3 A tale of two fluids
10.4 Superfluid currents
References
CH011.pdf
Chapter 11 Basic QED concepts
11.1 Klein–Gordon equation
11.2 Dirac equation
11.3 Volkov states
11.4 Quantisation of the Dirac field
11.5 Euler–Heisenberg Lagrangian
References
CH012.pdf
Chapter 12 Particle pair creation
12.1 Klein paradox
12.2 Temporal Klein model
12.3 Time-varying fields
12.4 Nonlinear trident process
References
CH013.pdf
Chapter 13 Nonlinear vacuum
13.1 Vacuum birefringence
13.2 Photon acceleration
13.3 Photon–photon scattering
13.4 Vacuum undulator
13.5 Superradiant vacuum
References
CH014.pdf
Chapter 14 The axions
14.1 Axion–photon coupling
14.2 Axion polariton
14.3 Axion beam instability
14.4 Axion wakes
14.5 Shinning through wall
References
APPA.pdf
Chapter
A.1 Schrödinger equation
A.2 Representations
A.3 Evolution operator
A.4 Quantum pictures
A.5 Density operator
A.6 Glauber formula
APPB.pdf
Chapter
B.1 Particle in a potential
B.2 Relativistic particle
B.3 Charged particle
B.4 System of charged particles
B.5 Scalar field
B.6 Electromagnetic field
B.7 Dirac field
B.8 Axion–photon field
APPC.pdf
Chapter
APPD.pdf
Chapter