Pyroelectric MaterialsAn authoritative and practical discussion of pyroelectric materials and their applications
In Pyroelectric Materials: Physics and Applications, the authors deliver a comprehensive exploration of the physics of pyroelectric materials and their applications. With authoritative coverage of a wide variety of critical topics in the field, the authors provide the readers with chapters on dielectric fundamentals, pyroelectricity, pyroelectric materials and their applications such as pyroelectric infrared detectors, pyroelectric energy harvesting, and pyroelectric fusion.
Readers will also find:
- A thorough introduction to the fundamentals of dielectrics, including discussions of polarization, dispersion, relaxation, and the molecular theory of induced charges in a dielectric
- Comprehensive explorations of pyroelectricity, including its history, theory, and a simple model of pyroelectric effect
Perfect for researchers and professionals with an interest in pyroelectric materials, the book is also useful for graduate students taking courses involving pyroelectric materials and their applications.
Author(s): Ashim Kumar Bain, Prem Chand
Publisher: Wiley-VCH
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 256
City: Weinheim
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 Fundamentals of Dielectrics
1.1 Dielectrics
1.1.1 Polarization of Dielectrics
1.1.2 Dispersion of Dielectric Polarization
1.1.2.1 Electronic Polarization
1.1.2.2 Ionic Polarization
1.1.2.3 Orientation Polarization
1.1.2.4 Space Charge Polarization
1.1.3 Dielectric Relaxation
1.1.4 Debye Relaxation
1.1.5 Molecular Theory of Induced Charges in a Dielectric
1.1.6 Capacitance of a Parallel Plate Capacitor
1.1.7 Electric Displacement Field, Dielectric Constant, and Electric Susceptibility
1.1.8 Local Field in a Dielectric
1.1.8.1 Lorentz Field, E2
1.1.8.2 Field of Dipoles Inside Cavity, E3
1.1.9 Dielectrics Losses
1.1.9.1 Dielectric Loss Angle
1.1.9.2 Total and Specific Dielectric Losses
1.1.10 Dielectrics Breakdown
References
Chapter 2 Pyroelectricity
2.1 Introduction
2.2 History of Pyroelectricity
2.3 Theory of Pyroelectricity
2.4 Simple Model of Pyroelectric Effect
2.5 Pyroelectric Crystal Symmetry
2.6 Piezoelectricity
2.7 Ferroelectricity
2.7.1 Ferroelectric Phase Transitions
2.7.2 Ferroelectric Domains
2.7.3 Ferroelectric Domain Wall Motion
2.7.4 Soft Mode
2.7.4.1 Zone‐center Phonons
2.7.4.2 Zone‐boundary Phonons
References
Chapter 3 Pyroelectric Materials and Applications
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Theory of Pyroelectric Detectors
3.3 Material Figure‐of‐Merits
3.4 Classification of Pyroelectric Materials
3.4.1 Single Crystals
3.4.1.1 Triglycine Sulphate
3.4.1.2 Lithium Tantalate (LT) and Lithium Niobate (LN)
3.4.1.3 Barium Strontium Titanate (BST)
3.4.1.4 Strontium Barium Niobite (SBN)
3.4.2 Perovskite Ceramics
3.4.2.1 Modified Lead Zirconate (PZ)
3.4.2.2 Modified Lead Titanate (PT)
3.4.3 Organic Polymers
3.4.4 Ceramic‐Polymer Composites
3.4.5 Lead‐Free Ceramics
3.4.6 Other Pyroelectric Materials
3.4.6.1 Aluminum Nitride (AlN)
3.4.6.2 Gallium Nitride (GaN)
3.4.6.3 Zinc Oxide (ZnO)
References
Chapter 4 Pyroelectric Infrared Detector
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Device Configurations
4.2.1 Thick Film Detectors
4.2.2 Thin Film Detectors
4.2.3 Hybrid Focal Plane Array Detector
4.2.4 Linear Array Detector
4.2.4.1 Detector Chip Technology
4.2.4.2 Detector Assembly
4.2.4.3 Camera System
4.2.5 Periodic Domain TFLT™ Detector
4.2.5.1 TFLT™ Pyroelectric Detector Fabrication
4.2.5.2 TFLT™ Attached to Metalized Silicon
4.2.5.3 TFLT™ on Ceramic
4.2.5.4 Large Aperture Devices
4.2.5.5 Domain Engineered TFLT™ Device
4.2.6 Terahertz Thermal Detector
4.2.7 PVDF Polymer Detector
4.2.7.1 Self‐absorbing Layer Structure
4.2.7.2 PVDF Pyroelectric Sensor Assembly
4.2.7.3 Sensor Array Specification and Performance
4.2.8 TFP Polymer Detector
4.2.9 Tetraaminodiphenyl (TADPh) Polymer Detector
4.2.9.1 Detector Design
4.2.9.2 Detector Sensitivity
4.2.10 Integrated Resonant Absorber Pyroelectric Detector
4.2.10.1 Detector Design
4.2.10.2 Detector Sensitivity
4.2.11 Resonant IR Detector
4.2.11.1 Principles of Operation of Resonant Detector
4.2.11.2 IR Absorbing Coatings and Structures
4.2.11.3 Differential Operation and Detector Arrays
4.2.11.4 Performance of GaN Resonators
4.2.12 Plasmonic IR Detector
4.2.12.1 Structure Design
4.2.12.2 Fabrication and Performance of the Detector
4.2.13 Graphene Pyroelectric Bolometer
4.2.13.1 Device Architecture
4.2.13.2 Device Performance
References
Chapter 5 Pyroelectric Energy Harvesting
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Theory of Pyroelectric Energy Harvesting
5.3 Pyroelectricity in Ferroelectric Materials
5.3.1 Thermodynamic Cycles of PyEH
5.3.1.1 Carnot Cycle
5.3.1.2 Ericsson Cycle
5.3.1.3 Olsen Cycle
5.4 Pyroelectric Generators
5.5 Pyroelectric Nanogenerators
5.5.1 Polymer‐Based Pyroelectric Nanogenerators
5.5.1.1 PyNGs Driven by Various Environmental Conditions
5.5.1.2 Development of Pyroelectric Materials
5.5.1.3 Wearable Pyroelectric Nanogenerators
5.5.1.4 Hybrid Pyroelectric Nanogenerators
5.5.2 Ceramic‐Based Pyroelectric Nanogenerators
5.5.2.1 ZnO‐Based Pyroelectric Nanogenerators
5.5.2.2 PZT‐Based Pyroelectric Nanogenerators
5.5.2.3 Lead‐Free Ceramic‐Based Pyroelectric Nanogenerators
5.5.3 Thermal Nanophotonic‐Pyroelectric Nanogenerators
5.5.4 Challenges and Perspectives of Pyroelectric Nanogenerators
References
Chapter 6 Pyroelectric Fusion
6.1 Introduction
6.2 History of Pyroelectric Fusion
6.3 Pyroelectric Neutron Generators
6.4 Pyroelectric X‐ray Generators
6.4.1 Applications
6.4.2 Features
References
Index
EULA
