Psychology Library Editions: Emotion, 12-Volume Set

Cover
Volume1
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Original Title Page
Original Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
List of figures
List of tables
Acknowledgements
Part 1: The three forms of representation
1: Introduction
An anchoring of terms
Cognitive style
Plan of the book
2: Preliminary sketches of the three modes of thought
Inner speech
Visual imagery
Enactive imagery
Summary
3: Free associative structures
Structures in inner speech
Structures in visual imagery
Structures in enactive imagery
Making up the mind: a triptych of meanings
Some thoughts on 'structure'
Summary
4: Day-dreams, fantasies and other idle thoughts
Cognition and affect in day-dreaming
The study of idle thoughts
Verbal idle thoughts: taxonomy and castigation
Visual idle thoughts: social space and the importance of being seen
Enactive idle thoughts: metamorphoses of being and feeling
Composite forms: revenge, heroic lovers and missing links
Concluding remarks
5: A cognitive interlude: individual differences in modes of thought
The Modes of Thought Questionnaire
Inner speech: a style for commerce
Visual imagery: a style for the arts and social sciences
Enactive imagery: a style for engineering
In summary
6: Aspects of identity
On what makes thought go
Structure and energy in cognitive style
Initial impressions of identity: the portraits study
A second approach to identity: the psychometric study
Conclusion and transition to part two
Part 2: Particular evaluative issues
7: Values in inner speech: preference or categorical clarity
Horizontal and vertical dimensions of categorizing
Favourite creatures
Typicality and liking: eulogizing the typical
Opposition and stereotypy
Value conflict in taxonomic systems
Individual differences in preference for the typical
Summary
8: Visualizing, the environment and the sentiments of self
Objective self-awareness
Experiences of seeing the self from outside
Constituting a persona
On holiday from the persona
The sentiments of self
In conclusion
9: Emotions and enactive representation
Some perspectives on emotion
Emotion sequences and commitment scripts
Becoming
Other modes of representation in emotion
Agent, experience and time
Synthesis
Part 3: Integrations
10: Mind and time
Metaphors for thought
Time as the form of inner sense
Modes of thought as ways of life
In summary
11: The psychology of science
The verbal stratum: objectivity and basic entities
The visual stratum: constitution and metaphor
The enactive stratum: process and the subversion of identity
Equilibration versus cognitive mythology
Appendices
Appendix A: The third free association study
Appendix B: The idle thoughts study
Appendix C: The Modes of Thought Questionnaire
Appendix D: Cognitive correlates of the MOTQ
Appendix E: Personality correlates of the MOTQ
Appendix F: Animal favourites
Appendix G: Study on the phenomenology of emotions
Notes
References
Index of names
Index of subjects
Volume2
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Original Title Page
Original Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Part I: A Retrospective Appreciation of R. L. Solomon
1: Perspectives on the Psychology of Richard L. Solomon
Solomon and the "New Look" in Perception
Solomon and Avoidance Learning
Solomon and Punishment
Solomon and Two-Process Theory
Solomon and Transfer of Control
Solomon and Learned Helplessness
Solomon and Opponent Process Theory
The Past is Prologue
References
Appendix A: Publications of Richard L. Solomon
Appendix B: Students of Richard L. Solomon and Their Dissertation Titles
Part II: The Role and Properties of Fear and Aversion
2: Genetic Determinants of Avoidance Learning: Mediation by Emotionality?
Individual Differences in Avoidance Learning
Approaches to the Genetic Analysis of Learning
Genetic Selection for Avoidance Learning
Phenotypic Correlates
References
3: Fearful Memories: The Motivational Significance of Forgetting
Assumptions Implicit in Most Memory Research
Is it Bad to Forget?
Retention of Conditioned Fear
Asking an Animal if it Knows What it is Avoiding
Does Forgetting Induce Conservatism?
Reconstructive Memory in Animals
References
4: The Frightful Complexity of the Origins of Fears
Effects of a Prior History of Control Over Appetitive Events on Fear and Exploratory Behavior
Effects of Control Over, or Feedback About, Shock Termination During Conditioning on Levels of Fear
Effects of Control and Feedback During and Following Conditioning on Fear Maintenance
Observational Conditioning of Fear-Conditioning with no Overt Traumatic US
Summary and Conclusions
References
5: Development of a New Clinical Procedure for Conditioning Aversions to Cigarette Smoking with Perceptually Induced Nausea
Introduction
A Clinical Pilot Study
Outcome
Aversions Conditioned with Minimal Queasiness
Outcome
A Controlled Clinical Trial
References
Part III: Integration of Information
6: Reasoning in the Rat Reconsidered
Background
An Alternative Formulation of the Solution Processes
Evidence on CMR Processes
Determiners of Success and Failure in Problem Solving
Two Experiments
Conclusion
References
7: Pavlovian Conditioning Analogues to Gestalt Perceptual Principles
Introduction
Associative Learning
Event Learning
Conclusion
References
8: The Effect of Context Upon Responses to Conditioned Inhibitors
References
9: An Empirical Legacy of Two-Process Theory: Two-Term versus Three-Term Relations
An Appetitive Parallel to Two-Process Avoidance Studies
A Truly Constant Probability Schedule
The Effect of R-S* Relations Upon Responding
Contingency, Necessity and Sufficiency in R-S* Relations
Do Sufficiency and Necessity of R-S* Relations Interact?
Three Term Relations: S, R, and S*
References
10: Approaches to the Study of Behavior: Examples from Behavioral Pharmacology
A. Goals of Behavioral Pharmacology
B. Types of Explanations
C. Examples
D. Conclusion
References
Part IV: Learned Helplessness
11: Stressor Controllability, Immune Function, and Endogenous Opiates
Overview of the Immune System
Controllability and Mitogen Induced Lymphocyte Proliferation
Controllability and Natural Killer Cell Activity
Mechanism of Action
Controllability and Endogenous Opiates
Caveats
References
12: Tumor Rejection and Early Experience of Uncontrollable Shock in the Rat
Short-Term Effects of Helplessness on Cancer
Long-Term Effects of Helplessness on Cancer
References
13: Toward a Reanalysis of the Causal Structure of the Learned Helplessness Syndrome
Experiments on Associative Processes
Experiment on Emotional Processes
Summary
References
14: The Judgment of Predictability in Depressed and Nondepressed College Students
Subjective Assessments of Contingency
Depression and the Judgment of Controllability
Depression and the Judgment of Predictability
Implications and Speculations
References
Part V: Opponent Process Theory
15: Growth of Morphine Tolerance: The Effect of Dose and Interval Between Doses
Present Study
Subjects
Anovas of First Test Day Data
Anovas of Second Test Day Data
Individual Group Comparisons
Regressions
Discussion
References
16: An Application of Opponent-Process Theory to Adjunctive Behavior
References
17: A Two-State Model of Reinforcer-Induced Motivation
Induced State I
Induced State II
Concurrent Measurement of Induced States I and II
Functions of Behaviors Associates with Induced States I and II
Behavioral Topographies Associates with Induced States I and II
Summary and Conclusions
References
18: Feeding the Face: New Directions in Adjunctive Behavior Research
Adjunctive Behavior in Rats
A Synthesis of the Animal Experiments
Adjunctive Behavior is a By-Product of Arousal
Adjunctive Behavior in People
Concluding Comments
References
Part VI: Extensions to Human and Cultural Issues
19: Organizational Culture: Skill, Defense Mechanism, or Addiction?
Introduction
Culture Change
Conclusion
References
20: What Happens to Children When They Act Aggressively in Six Cultures
The Six Culture Study
Naturally Occurring Feedback to Aggression
A Focus Upon Central Act/Effect Act Sequences
Do Some Effect Actors Reward or Discourage More than Others do?
Where do Most of the Encouragements and Discouragements Come From?
Other Learning that Occurs with Age
Is There Displacement of Aggression Downward?
Sex Differences in Aggression but not in Feedback
Conclusions
References
21: Alexis de Tocqueville, John Stuart Mill, and Developmental Psychology
Alexis de Tocqueville
John Stuart Mill
Discussion
References
22: Volition is a Nag
The Initial Problem
Rejection of the Problem
Reconsideration: The 1960s and 1970s
Some Empirical Studies: Will, Stress, Reactance, Attribution
Dissatisfactions and Proposals
Experienced Freedom and Beyond
References
Author Index
Subject Index
Volume3
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Original Title Page
Original Copyright Page
Table of Contents
1: Introduction
2: Evolution and Development
Evolution and Early Developing Traits
Culture and Early Developing Traits
Constitution and Early Environment
Continuity and Change
3: The Pediatric Approach
Description of the Measures
Evaluation of the Measures
Conceptual Issues
Individual Differences in Neonates
4: Arousal
Three Kinds of Arousal
Temperament as Affect
Reactivity and Self-Regulation
Temperament as "Behavioral Inhibition"
Arousal and Temperament
5: Emotionality
Inheritance
Emotionality as Distress
Differentiation of Fear and Anger
Theory of Emotionality
Summary Comments
6: Sociability
Interaction Social Rewards
The Nature of Sociability
Infancy
Behavior with Peers
Shyness
Extraversion and Neuroticism
Concluding Remarks
7: Theory and Measurement of EAS
Definition and Criteria
Impulsivity
Influence of EAS on Environment
Measuring EAS
8: Behavioral Genetics
Major Methods
Genotype－Environment Correlation
Structural Models
Developmental Behavioral Genetics
Environment: Familial and Individual
Differential Heritability
Temperament-Environment Interaction
9: Heredity and the EAS Temperaments
Parental Ratings
Observations
Measures Other Than Ratings
Conclusions
10: Continuity, Environment, and the EAS
Continuity
Heritability and Stability
Stability of the EAS Temperaments
Environment
Individual Experiences
Temperament and Environment
11: Concluding Comments
Broad versus Narrow Temperaments
Future Directions
References
Author Index
Subject Index
Volume4
Cover
Half Title
Title
Copyright
Original Title
Original Copyright
Contents
Contributors
Preface
1: An Overview of the Roles of Social Cognition and Affect in Communication
Summary
2: Automatic Information Processing: Implications for Communication and Affect
The Extent of Automatic Influences
Automatic Processing and Interpersonal Communication
Automatic Versus Goal-Directed Processing in Mass Communication
Automatic Processing and Affect
"To Be or Not To Be Controlled": A Concluding Sermonette
3: Schemas, Affect, and Communication
Schemas and Social Cognition
Affect and its Relation to Cognition
Effects of Affective Orientations on Schemas
Summary and Conclusions
4: Motivation and Affect in Interpersonal Relations: The Role of Personal Orientations and Discrepancies
Goal-Oriented Interaction and Affect
Self-Discrepancy and Affect
Concluding Comments
5: Affect and Message Generation
Affect and Cognitive Structure
Cognitive Structure and Communication: The Constructivist Approach
An Investigation of Message Generation and Affect
Summary
6: Planning, Affect, and Social Action Generation
Toward a Theory of Planning
Planning and Date Getting: Where the Action Is
7: The Role of Affect in the Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion
Overview of the Elaboration Likelihood Model
Multiple Roles for Variables in the ELM
Summary
8: Mood Management: Using Entertainment to Full Advantage
Mood Management by Stimulus Arrangements Generally
Mood Management Through Entertainment
Effects of Entertainment on Moods
Tests of Mood Management
Complicating Factors
9: Behavior and Biology: Research on Sensation Seeking and Reactions to the Media
Perceptual and Media Preferences
Arousal and Arousability
Stimulus Intensity Tolerance and Cortical Evoked Potentials
Biochemical Bases of Sensation Seeking
Comments on Other Symposium Papers
10: "The Nature of News" Revisited: The Roles of Affect, Schemas, and Cognition
The Nature of News
Cognitively Triggered Arousal
Recent Studies of Arousal and News Exposure
Models for Research on the Nature of News
The Impact of Mental Effort
A Note on Television as a Source of News
Implications for Future Research
Epilogue: The Nature of Social Cognition
11: Communication, Social Cognition, and Affect: A Psychophysiological Approach
Background
Psychophysiological Perspectives
Inferential Context: Affirming the Consequent Errors and Reverse Engineering Designs
Conclusion
Author Index
Subject Index
Volume5
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Original Title Page
Original Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface and Acknowledgments
Chapter 1: Introduction
Cognition and Emotion
Purpose and Structure of the Book
Chapter 2: Philosophical and Theoretical Roots
Philosophical Arguments
The Role of Emotion and Cognition in Developmental Theories of Morality
Conclusion
Chapter 3: Prosocial Emotion: Methods and Current Research
Empathy and Sympathy
Assessing Empathy/Sympathy
The Relation Between Empathy and Prosocial Behavior: Empirical Findings
The Relation Between Empathy and Prosocial Behavior: Conceptual Issues
Pride, Guilt, and Other Potentially Prosocial Affects
Conclusions
Chapter 4: Attributions about others and Their Prosocial Actions
Verbal Report of Cognitive Processes
Cognitions Concerning the Kindness of Actors or Actions
Attributions About Others' Positive Behaviors
The Relation of Attributions About Others' Prosocial Behaviors to Personal Behavior
Conclusion
Chapter 5: The Development of Self-Perceptions
The Nature of Self-Attribution
The Development of Attributions About Personal Prosocial Behaviors
The Role of Expressed Motives in Prosocial Behavior
Chapter 6: Role Taking, Attributions about the Origins of Another's Dependency, and Problem-Solving
Role Taking
Attributions About the Origins of Another's Dependency
Interpersonal Problem-Solving Skills
Conclusion
Chapter 7: Altruistic Values and Moral Judgment
Norms and Internalized Values
Hierarchies of Norms, Values, Preferences, and Desires
Kohlberg's Approach to Moral Judgment
Moral Judgments Concerning Altruistic and Prosocial Actions
Personal Correlates of Mode and Level of Prosocial Moral Judgment
The Relation of Moral Judgment to Prosocial Behavior
Conclusion
Chapter 8: Prosocial Moral Judgment: Cross-Cultural Research
German Data
Israeli Data
Japanese Data
Papua New Guinea (Maisin) Data
Conclusion
Chapter 9: A Model of Prosocial Moral Reasoning
Kohlberg's Conceptual Model
Prosocial Moral Reasoning
Conclusion
Chapter 10: The Role of Altruistic Affect and Cognitions in Behavior
Attention to Another's Need: A First Step
Motivational Factors
Hierarchies of Personal Goals
Intention to Assist
The Intention-Behavior Link
The Consequences of Prosocial Behavior
Altruism: Its Place in the Model
Conclusion
References
Author Index
Subject Index
Volume6
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Original Title Page
Original Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of figures and tables
Preface
Acknowledgements
1: Introduction and overview
2: Eating
3: Sleeping
4: Sex
5: Aggression
6: Gut reactions and gut emotions
7: Predicting and controlling
8: An energizing force?
9: Achieving, succeeding, failing, and persisting
10: Affect, emotion, and cognition
References
Index
Volume7
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Original Title Page
Original Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
1: Neuroanatomical and Neurochemical Substrates of Affective Behavior
Introduction
Neuroanatomical Basis of Affective Behavior
Basic Anatomy of the Limbic System
Concepts of Limbic Function
Neurochemical Substrates of Affective Behavior
Dopamine and Affective Behavior
Endogenous Opiates and Affective Behavior
Neurochemical Theories of Affective Illness
References
2: Cerebral Asymmetry and Behavioral Laterality: Some Psychobiological Considerations
Introduction
Human Structural Asymmetries
Structural and Functional Asymmetries in Nonhuman Organisms
The Corpus Callosum
Early Experience and the Corpus Callosum
References
3: The Development of Affect in Rhesus Monkeys
Introduction
Normative Patterns of Affective Development in Rhesus Monkeys
Effects of Rearing Environments on Affective Development
Physiological Measures of Affect in Monkeys
Individual Differences in Affective Displays of Young Monkeys
Implications of Nonhuman Primate Data for Considerations of Human Affective Development
References
4: The Ontogenesis of Human Social Signals: From Biological Imperative to Symbol Utilization
Nature: Neurological Considerations
The "Nurture" of Affect
Toward a Model of Emotions Ontogenesis: Interaction Between Nature and Nurture
Summary, Integration, and Conclusion
References
5: Facial Communication of Emotion in Early Infancy
Comparison of Individual Infants
Group Comparisons
Discussion
References
6: Infant Crying and the Development of Communication
Introduction
Crying and Speech
Evolutionary Continuity
Neurophysiological Model of Infant Cry
Crying and Infant-Caregiver Interaction
Crying and Cycles of Social Interaction: Some Examples
Discussion
References
7: Lateralization of Emotion: A Model and the Evidence
Introductory Remarks
Antecedents
Action and Emotional Organization and Control
The Three Domains of Relevant Inquiry
Focal Brain Damage
Affective Illness
Normal Subjects
Cerebral Activation Patterns and Emotion
References
8: Asymmetries in Affective Facial Expression: Behavior and Anatomy
Introduction
Neuroanatomical Substrates of Facial Expressions
Issues in the Study of Facial Expression
Facial Asymmetry During Emotional Expression
General Conclusions
References
9: The Development of Functional Brain Asymmetry in the Regulation of Emotion
Functional Brain Asymmetry in the Regulation of Emotion
Development of Lateralization of Emotion
Conclusion
References
10: Hemispheric Substrates of Affect: A Developmental Model
Introduction
Approach-Withdrawal: The Fundamental Psychobiological Decision
Hemispheric Substrates of Approach/Withdrawal
The Subcomponents of Affect
Hemispheric Substrates of Affective Development: Theory and Initial Findings
Mechanism Does Not Imply Cause: The Role of Experience in the Development of Emotion
Summary and Conclusions
References
Author Index
Subject Index
Volume8
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Original Title Page
Original Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Conference Participants
Conference Commentary
Part I: The Evolution of the Developmental-Interaction Point of View
1: The Evolution of the Developmental-Interaction View
Part II: Interrelations between Cognition and Affect: Three Views
2: Developmental Concepts of Cognition and Affect
3: Cognitive-Affective Interaction: A Concept that Exceeds the Researcher's Grasp
4: Perspectives on Theory: Another Look at the Developmental-Interaction Point of View
Part III: Reciprocal Relations in the First Years of Life
5: The Reciprocal Role of Social and Emotional Developmental Advances and Cognitive Development During the Second and Third Years of Life
6: Perspectives on Interactional Research
Part IV: Questioning the Role of Developmental Stage Theory
7: Developmental Stage Theory and the Individual Reconsidered
8: Stage Theory and Curriculum Development
Part V: The Nature and Development of Gender Differences
9: Gender Differences in the Nature of Premises Developed About the World
10: The Child's Construction of Gender: Anatomy as Destiny
Part VI: The Development of Children's Awareness of Intrapsychic Processes
11: What Children Understand of Intrapsychic Processes: The Child as a Budding Personality Theorist
Author Index
Subject Index
Volume9
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Original Title Page
Original Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Series preface
Preface
Introduction
Part One: Building a theoretical background
1: Adolescent health education and research: Defining terms
Introduction
Health-related behaviour
Health
Health education
Adolescence and health
Culture, ethnicity, and minority status
Gender
Adolescence: Continuity and change
Adolescent health research and education: Multidisciplinary fields
2: Ethical issues in adolescent health education
Introduction
The medicalisation of health
Health as a norm
The concept of personal control and responsibility
Characteristics of information on health: Which behaviours are healthy?
The issue of voluntariness
Discussion
3: Theories and models used in adolescent health research and education
Introduction
Choosing theories
Social-cognitive approaches
Belief-based approaches
Attitude-based approaches
Theories of adolescent health-related behaviour
Frameworks for multi-theoretical approaches
Conclusions
Part Two: Descriptive studies: Letting the subjects speak
4: Letting the subjects speak. Part I: Taking inventory
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
5: Letting the subjects speak. Part II: The focus group interviews
Introduction
Methods
Analysis
Results
Discussion
Part Three: Quantitative studies: Formulating theory and understanding adolescent health
6: Worries and health in adolescence
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
7: Everyday health and risk behaviours
Introduction
Methods and material
Results
Discussion
8: Personal incentives as determinants of adolescent health behaviour: The meaning of behaviour
Introduction
Methods and materials
Results
Discussion
Part Four: Applied research: Changing adolescent health-related behaviour
9: Effectiveness of an adolescent health education programme based on a the Theory of the Meaning of Behaviour
Introduction
Methods and materials
Results
Discussion
Concluding remarks
References
Author index
Subject index
Volume10
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Original Title Page
Original Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Historical and Theoretical Perspectives on Behavioral Health in Children and Adolescents: An Introduction
1: Here's Looking at You, Kid! New Ways of Viewing the Development of Health Cognition
Part I: Developmental Trajectories in Behavioral Health
2: Development of Attachment, Health Risks, and Health Control
3: The Role of Individual Differences in Infant Personality in the Formation of Attachment Relationships
4: The Development of Autonomy in Children's Health Behaviors
5: Risk-Taking Behaviors and Biopsychosocial Development During Adolescence
Part II: Developmental Processes and Disease
6: Disease Processes and Behavior
7: Iron Deficiency Anemia and Infant Behavior
8: Cognitive Maturity, Stressful Events, and Metabolic Control Among Diabetic Adolescents
9: Ego Development Paths and Adjustment to Diabetes: Longitudinal Studies of Preadolescents and Adolescents With Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Part III: New Perspectives on Health and Development
10: Wellness, Illness, Health, and Disease Concepts
11: Intervention Strategies to Promote Healthy Children: Ecological Perspectives and Individual Differences in Development
Author Index
Subject Index
Volume11
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Original Title Page
Original Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
Introduction
1: The developmental context
Introduction
Infancy: a comparative perspective
The role of the father
The role of the mother
2: The origins of competence
Introduction
Individual differences at birth
Cognitive development
Communication
Motivation
3: The development of the sense of self
Introduction
The Freudian background
Freudian developmental theory
The work of Melanie Klein
Ego development
Social origins of the self
Early affective development
4: The significance of others
Introduction
Attachment
The fear of strangers
Response to the absence of familiar figures
5: The development of autonomy
Introduction
The father and the separation-individuation process
Resistance to separation
Non-autonomous functioning
Learning how to cope
Summary
6: The child in the family: influences on learning
Introduction
The oedipal period
Siblings
Learning how to learn
Conclusion
Suggestions for Further Reading
References
Name Index
Subject Index
Volume12
Cover
Half Title
Title
Copyright
Original Title
Original Copyright
Contents
Preface
Part I: Origins of Fear, Anxiety, and Other Emotions
1: The Facts and Functions of Fear
2: Assimilation and Anxiety,
3: Emotion and Anxiety: Sociocultural, Biological, and Psychological Determinants
Part II: The Measurement of Anxiety
4: General and Situation-Specific Traits and States: New Approaches to Assessment of Anxiety and Other Constructs
5:The Psychophysiology of Anxiety
Part III: Effects of Anxiety on Normal and Abnormal Behavior
6: Anxiety and Cue Utilization in Human Learning and Memory
7: The Effects of Negative Feedback on the Anxiety Level and Performance of Schizophrenics
8: Deviant Drug and Alcohol Use: The Role of Anxiety, Sensation Seeking, and Other Personality Variables
Part IV: The Treatment of Axiety
9: Anxiety as Fear: A Behavioral Approach to One Emotion
10: The Nature and Treatment of Test Anxiety
Author Index
Subject Index