Processing Vehicles Used in Violent Crimes for Forensic Evidence

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While there are numerous books on crime scene investigation and the processing of crime scenes, few focus on the processing of vehicles. Whether the crime took place in the car or the car was used to transport the suspect or victim―and, as such, is a secondary scene―investigating vehicles presents several unique challenges.

Processing Vehicles Used in Violent Crimes for Forensic Evidence fills this void providing the technical instruction sorely needed in this area of crime scene investigation. The book is geared not only to investigators who process vehicles involved in general crimes but also with a specific focus on violent crimes. Coverage includes details as to how investigators should document the vehicle in a logical and methodical manner that is easily understood and replicated for various scenes. By identifying the unique challenges caused by working in the tight quarters of a vehicle―especially in photographing the vehicle, the evidence within it, and how to best find, collect, document, and preserve the evidence―the author provides a unique reference for investigators. Special attention is paid to documenting shooting incidents, the proper detailing and documentation of bullet trajectories, bloodstain documentation, and processing vehicles for other biological, impression, and physical evidence.

Key Features

    • Presents crime scene collection and preservation techniques and methodology specific to vehicle-related considerations

    • Outlines the unique challenges, and step-by-step procedural requirements, necessary to conduct a vehicle or vehicle-related scene investigation

    • Addresses types of various evidence for vehicles―including fingerprint, blood, DNA, bullet and casing, and fire debris―which are common primary or secondary crime scenes

    While the book is geared toward crime scene investigators and forensic technicians who process vehicles used in crimes, it will be an invaluable resource for criminal justice and forensic science students, attorneys, death investigators, fire investigators, accident scene investigators, and scene reconstructionists.

    Author(s): Christopher D. Duncan
    Publisher: CRC Press
    Year: 2021

    Language: English
    Pages: 396
    City: Boca Raton

    Cover Page
    Half Title Page
    Title Page
    Copyright Page
    Contents Page
    Preface Page
    Acknowledgments Page
    Author Page
    1 Introduction to Processing Vehicles Involved in Violent Crimes
    2 Vehicle Examination Facility and Processing Equipment
    Vehicle Examination Facilities
    Crime Scene Investigation Equipment and General Supplies
    Fingerprinting Supplies
    Photography Equipment
    Documentation Equipment
    Packaging Supplies
    Conclusion
    Additional Readings
    Review Questions: Vehicle Examination Facility and Processing Equipment
    3 General Guidelines and Strategies for Processing Vehicles
    Admitting Vehicles to the Examination Facility
    Initial Steps before a Vehicle’s Processing Begins
    Conducting a Legal Search
    General Progression of a Vehicle’s Processing for Evidence
    Processing Vehicles for Unique Types of Evidence
    Recovery and Packaging of Evidence
    Conclusion
    Additional Readings
    Review Questions: General Guidelines and Strategies for Processing Vehicles
    4 The Documentation of Motor Vehicles
    Note-Taking
    Scale Diagrams
    Report Writing
    Writing Better Offense Reports
    Conclusion
    Additional Readings
    Review Questions: The Documentation of Motor Vehicles
    5 The Photographic Documentation of Vehicles
    Basic Exposure Evaluations: ISO, Aperture, and Shutter Speed
    Depth of Field or Zone of Sharp Focus
    Overall, Mid-Range, and Close-Up Photographs
    Special Considerations When Photographing Motor Vehicles
    Conclusion
    Additional Readings
    Review Questions: The Photographic Documentation of Vehicles
    6 Advanced Photography Techniques of Challenging Subjects
    Photographing Luminol or Bluestar and Other Chemiluminescent Reactions
    Photographing in Ultraviolet Light
    Photographing Laser Trajectories
    Infrared Photography of Bloodstains
    Gunshot Residue
    Conclusion
    Additional Readings
    Review Questions: Advanced Photography Techniques of Challenging Subjects
    7 Deoxyribonucleic Acid Evidence
    What Is Deoxyribonucleic Acid?
    Collection of DNA Evidence
    Swabbing
    Scraping
    Tape Lifting
    Cutting
    Collecting (the Whole Object)
    Collecting Known DNA Samples from Victims and Complainants
    Finding Hidden Sources of DNA Evidence
    Semen and Other Body Fluids
    Conclusion
    Additional Readings
    Review Questions: Deoxyribonucleic Acid Evidence
    8 Fingerprint and Impression Evidence Involving Motor Vehicles
    Powder Processing Tools
    Processing the Vehicle’s Exterior for Latent Fingerprints
    Powder Processing of Vehicles
    Tape Lifting Fingerprints Developed with Powder
    Footwear Impressions and Other Types of Visible Prints
    Processing the Vehicle’s Interior for Latent Fingerprints
    Printing a Vehicle’s Tires
    Conclusion
    Additional Readings
    Review Questions: Fingerprint and Impression Evidence Involving Motor Vehicles
    9 Processing Vehicles Involved in Shootings
    Processing and Examination of Recovered Firearms
    Documentation of Vehicles Struck by Fired Projectiles
    Gunpowder Residue
    Evaluating Bullet Strikes through Glass
    Conclusion
    Additional Readings
    Review Questions: Processing Vehicles Involved in Shootings
    10 Bloodstain Documentation and Processing
    Basics of Bloodstain Pattern Analysis
    Photographing Bloodstained Vehicles
    Chemical Tests and Processes
    Conclusion
    Additional Readings
    Review Questions: Bloodstain Documentation and Processing
    Review Question Answer Keys
    Index