Process Engineering: Addressing the Gap between Study and Chemical Industry

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Author(s): Michael Kleiber
Series: De Gruyter Textbook
Publisher: De Gruyter
Year: 2016

Language: English
Pages: 425

Preface......Page 8
Contents......Page 10
1.1 Process engineering activities......Page 14
1.2 Realization of a plant......Page 21
1.3 Cost estimation......Page 31
2 Thermodynamic models in process simulation......Page 38
2.1 Phase equilibria......Page 40
2.2 φ
-φ-approach......Page 45
2.3.1 Activity coefficients......Page 54
2.3.2 Vapor pressure and liquid density......Page 61
2.3.3 Association......Page 66
2.4 Electrolytes......Page 68
2.5 Liquid-liquid equilibria......Page 71
2.6 Solid-liquid equilibria......Page 74
2.7 φ
-φ-approach with gE mixing rules......Page 76
2.8 Enthalpy calculations......Page 78
2.9 Model choice and data management......Page 81
2.10 Binary parameter estimation......Page 85
2.12 Transport properties......Page 88
3 Working on a process......Page 92
3.1 Flowsheet setup......Page 93
3.2 Heat integration options......Page 103
3.3 Batch processes......Page 110
3.4 Equipment design......Page 115
3.5 Troubleshooting......Page 116
4.1 Something general......Page 120
4.2 Shell-and-tube heat exchangers......Page 122
4.3 Heat exchangers without phase change......Page 123
4.4 Condensers......Page 133
4.5 Evaporators......Page 135
4.6 Plate heat exchangers......Page 143
4.7 Double pipes......Page 145
4.8 Air coolers......Page 146
4.9 Fouling......Page 147
4.10 Vibrations......Page 149
5 Distillation and absorption......Page 152
5.1 Thermodynamics of distillation and absorption columns......Page 155
5.2 Packed columns......Page 157
5.3 Tray columns......Page 167
5.4 Comparison between packed and tray columns......Page 184
5.5 Distillation column control......Page 186
5.6 Constructive issues in column design......Page 192
5.7 Separation of azeotropic systems......Page 194
5.8 Rate-based approach......Page 197
5.9 Dividing wall columns......Page 199
5.10 Batch distillation......Page 201
6.1 Liquid-liquid separators......Page 204
6.2 Extraction......Page 207
6.2.1 Mixer-settler arrangement......Page 210
6.2.2 Extraction columns......Page 211
6.2.3 Centrifugal extractors......Page 214
7.1 Membrane separations......Page 216
7.2 Adsorption......Page 223
7.3 Crystallization......Page 230
8.1 Pumps......Page 236
8.2 Compressors......Page 244
8.3 Jet pumps......Page 253
8.4 Vacuum generation......Page 255
9 Vessels and separators......Page 260
10.1 Reaction basics......Page 268
10.2 Reactors......Page 275
11 Mechanical strength and material choice......Page 282
12.1.1 Single-phase flow-through pipes......Page 288
12.1.3 Pressure drop calculation for compressible fluids......Page 293
12.1.4 Two-phase pressure drop......Page 296
12.2 Pipe specification......Page 302
12.3.1 Isolation valves......Page 304
12.3.2 Control valves......Page 306
12.4 Measurement devices......Page 308
13.1 Steam and condensate......Page 312
13.3 Cooling media......Page 319
13.4 Exhaust air treatment......Page 321
13.4.1 Condensation......Page 324
13.4.2 Combustion......Page 326
13.4.3 Absorption......Page 332
13.4.4 Biological exhaust air treatment......Page 333
13.4.5 Exhaust air treatment with membranes......Page 334
13.4.6 Adsorption processes......Page 335
13.5 Waste water treatment......Page 336
14 Process safety......Page 340
14.1 HAZOP procedure......Page 343
14.2.1 Introduction......Page 349
14.2.2 Mass flow to be discharged......Page 353
14.2.3 Fire case......Page 355
14.2.4 Actuation cases......Page 360
14.2.5 Safety valve peculiarities......Page 366
14.2.6 Maximum relief amount......Page 371
14.3 Explosions......Page 379
Glossary......Page 386
List of Symbols......Page 392
Bibliography......Page 396
Index......Page 414