The field of primatology has expanded substantially in the last twenty years, particularly with regard to studies of primates in human-altered landscapes. This text aims to review the recent literature on anthropogenic (of human origin) influences on non-human primates, bringing an overview of this important area of primatology together for students. Chapters are grouped into three sections, representing the many ways anthropogenic activities affect primate populations. The first section, ‘Human Influences on Primate Habitat’, covers ways in which wild primates are affected by human actions, including forest fragmentation, climate change, and the presence of dogs. Section two, ‘Primates in Human-Dominated Landscapes’, looks at situations where non-human primates and humans share space; this includes primates in urban environments, primate tourism, and primates in agroecosystems. The final section, ‘Primates in Captivity’, looks at primate behaviour and welfare in captive situations, including zoos, the primate pet trade, and in entertainment.
Author(s): Tracie McKinney, Siân Waters, Michelle A. Rodrigues
Series: Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 349
City: Cham
Foreword: Primatology in the Anthropocene
References
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
Part I: Human Influences on Primate Habitats
Chapter 2: Consequences of Habitat Loss and Fragmentation for Primate Behavioral Ecology
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Defining Habitat Loss and Fragmentation
2.3 Habitat and Landscape Patterns
2.4 Behavioral Responses to Habitat Fragmentation
2.4.1 Home Range and Density
2.4.2 Dietary Shifts in Fragments
2.4.3 Social Interactions in Fragments
2.5 Population-Level Effects of Fragmentation
2.5.1 Demography
2.5.2 Dispersal
2.6 Secondary Effects of Fragmentation
2.6.1 Predation Risk in Fragments
2.6.2 Human-Wildlife Interactions
2.7 Conclusion and Future Directions
References
Chapter 3: The Emerging Importance of Regenerating Forests for Primates in Anthropogenic Landscapes
3.1 Introduction to Regenerating Forests
3.2 Regenerating Forest as a Part of the Matrix
3.3 Successional Pathways
3.4 The Importance of Primate Seed Dispersal in Forest Regeneration
3.5 Primate Behavioral Ecology in Regenerating Forests
3.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Hunting of Primates in the Tropics: Drivers, Unsustainability, and Ecological and Socio-economic Consequences
4.1 Introduction
4.2 From Subsistence to Commercial Hunting of Primates
4.3 Unsustainability of Primate Hunting
4.4 Multifaceted Consequences of Primate Population Decline
4.5 Hunting and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
4.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Dogs, Primates, and People: A Review
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Human-Dog Relations
5.2.1 Hunting Dogs and Primates
5.3 Review of Dog-Primate Interactions
5.4 Studying Dog-Primate Interactions
5.4.1 Interactions: Disease Transmission
5.4.2 Interactions: Non-invasive Sampling and Modelling
5.5 Managing Dog-Primate Interactions
5.6 Discussion
References
Chapter 6: Climate Change Impacts on Non-human Primates: What Have We Modelled and What Do We Do Now?
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Assessing Species Vulnerability to Climate Change: Modelling Approaches
6.2 Systematic Method
6.3 Results
6.3.1 Apes and Monkeys
6.3.2 Prosimians
6.4 Discussion and Conclusions
References
Part II: Primates in Human-Dominated Landscapes
Chapter 7: Community-Based Strategies to Promote Primate Conservation in Agricultural Landscapes: Lessons Learned from Case Studies in South America
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Primates in Agricultural Landscapes
7.3 Community-Based Conservation Approaches
7.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 8: Primates in the Urban Mosaic: Terminology, Flexibility, and Management
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The Urban Mosaic
8.2.1 Defining the Urban Mosaic
8.2.2 Quantifying Anthropogenic Disturbance
8.3 Behavioural Flexibility
8.3.1 Foraging
8.3.2 Ranging
8.3.3 Sociality
8.4 Urban Health
8.5 Managing the Urban Mosaic
References
Chapter 9: Infectious Diseases in Primates in Human-Impacted Landscapes
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Anthropogenic Disturbance and Infectious Disease Risk
9.2.1 Habitat Change
9.2.2 Wildmeat and Pet-Keeping
9.2.3 Tourism and Research
9.3 Promoting Primate and Human Health
9.3.1 Disease Risk Analysis
9.3.2 Disease Prevention
9.3.3 Health Monitoring and Disease Surveillance
9.3.4 Clinical Interventions
9.3.5 Holistic Approaches
9.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: Primate Conservation in Shared Landscapes
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Primate Conservation Priorities in the Anthropocene
10.3 The Importance of Inclusive Primate Conservation Approaches
10.4 Addressing Negative Human-Primate Interactions in Anthropogenic Landscapes
10.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11: Primate Tourism
11.1 Primate Tourism: Definitions and History
11.1.1 The History of Viewing Primates
11.1.2 Different Types of Primate Tourism Management
11.2 Benefits and Costs of Primate Tourism
11.2.1 Habitat Protection
11.2.2 Revenue Generation and Human-Primate Coexistence
11.2.3 Education: Knowledge Sharing
11.2.4 Provisioning
11.2.5 Health
11.2.6 Habituation
11.3 Human Drivers for Human-Primate Interactions Within Primate Tourism
11.4 Primate Individual Factors Involved in Human-Primate Interactions
11.5 Be a Responsible Primate Tourist: Guidelines
References
Chapter 12: Shared Ecologies, Shared Futures: Using the Ethnoprimatological Approach to Study Human-Primate Interfaces and Advance the Sustainable Coexistence of People and Primates
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 What Are ‘Human-Primate Interfaces’?
12.1.2 What Is Ethnoprimatology?
12.1.3 Objectives of This Chapter
12.2 Studying Human-Primate Interfaces: Where and How
12.3 Human-Primate Interfaces
12.3.1 The Human-Primate Interface in Tourist Settings
12.3.2 Urban and Peri-urban Human-Primate Encounters
12.3.3 The Human-Primate Interface in Agroecosystems
12.4 Summary and Conclusions
12.4.1 Why Does Studying the Human-Primate Interface Matter?
References
Part III: Primates in Captivity
Chapter 13: Perspectives on the Continuum of Wild to Captive Behaviour
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Primates in ‘the Wild’
13.2.1 The Field Site
13.2.2 The Role of Research Teams, Learning Teams, Field Station Personnel, and Neighbouring Human Communities
13.3 Primates Among Humans
13.3.1 Primates Living in Fragmented Habitats
13.3.2 Impacts of Shared Landscapes on Primate Behaviour
13.4 Primates in Human-Managed Settings
13.4.1 Constraints of Human Management
13.4.2 Managing Primates’ Needs
13.4.3 What Is ‘Natural’ Behaviour?
13.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: The Past, Present, and Future of the Primate Pet Trade
14.1 Introduction
14.2 The Past Primate Pet Trade
14.3 The Present Primate Pet Trade
14.3.1 Sociocultural Influences on Primate Pet Keeping and Trade
14.3.2 Regional Reports on the Primate Pet Trade
14.3.2.1 Macaques
14.3.2.2 Orangutans
14.3.2.3 Lemurs
14.3.2.4 Lorises
14.3.2.5 Platyrrhines
14.4 Future of the Primate Pet Trade
14.4.1 The Primate Pet Trade and the Internet
14.4.2 Finding Solutions to the Primate Pet Trade
References
Chapter 15: Rescue, Rehabilitation, and Reintroduction
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Rescue
15.2.1 North America/Europe
15.2.2 Latin America
15.2.3 Africa
15.2.4 Asia
15.3 Rehabilitation
15.3.1 What Is Primate Rehabilitation?
15.3.2 What Research Has Been Done on Primate Rehabilitation?
15.3.3 What Is the Future of Primate Rehabilitation?
15.4 Reintroduction
15.4.1 Latin America
15.4.2 Africa
15.4.3 Asia
15.5 Discussion
15.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 16: Through the Looking Glass: Effects of Visitors on Primates in Zoos
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Visitor Effects by Variable
16.2.1 Presence of Visitors
16.2.2 Crowd Size/Visitor Density
16.2.3 Visitor Activity
16.2.4 Crowd Composition
16.2.5 Visitor Noise Levels
16.2.6 Miscellaneous Visitor Effect Research
16.3 Limitations of Research to Date and Alternative Interpretations
16.4 Potential Strategies for Mitigating Negative Impacts
16.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 17: Primate Portrayals: Narratives and Perceptions of Primates in Entertainment
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Live Entertainment
17.2.1 Circuses and Live Performances
17.2.2 Paid Interactions
17.3 Primates on Screen
17.3.1 Film
17.3.2 Television
17.3.3 Animated Representations and Anthropomorphism
17.4 Primates Online
17.4.1 Social Media
17.4.2 YouTube Channels
17.4.3 Fan Accounts
17.4.4 Augmented Reality
17.5 Discussion
References
Chapter 18: Conclusion: Twenty-First-Century Primatology
References
Glossary
Index
