This book systematically assesses the risk of 21 major infectious diseases threatening BRI countries. It consists of 14 chapters. Chapter 1 is an overview. Chapter 2 introduces the history of health cooperation between China and other BRI countries. Chapters 3-14 introduce the prevalence of major infectious diseases threatening BRI countries such as cholera, vaccine preventable diseases (polio, measles, meningitis, Japanese encephalitis, diphtheria, hepatitis A), tuberculosis, influenza, and insect-borne diseases (Dengue fever, Zika virus disease, yellow fever, Chikungunya, Rift Valley fever), plague, malaria, Ebola virus disease, MERS, schistosomiasis, COVID-19 and AIDS, and risk factors, principles and cases of their prevention and control.
It is a useful reference book in the research of infectious disease control and prevention, and provides historical experience and lessons learned. It also provides decision support for international cooperation among BRI countries in the field of epidemic prevention and control in the future.
Author(s): Weizhong Yang
Publisher: Springer-PMPH
Year: 2021
Language: English
Pages: 195
City: Beijing
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Contributors
Abbreviations
1: Introduction
1.1 Significance of the “Belt and Road Initiative”
1.1.1 Proposal and Development of the “Belt and Road Initiative”
1.1.2 Significance of the “Belt and Road Initiative”
1.1.3 China and Countries Along the Belt and Road
1.2 Significance of Health Cooperation in the “Belt and Road Initiative”
1.2.1 Overview of Health Cooperation Between Countries Along the “Belt and Road” and China
1.2.2 Health Cooperation in the “Belt and Road Initiative”
1.2.3 Main Components of Health Cooperation in the “Belt and Road Initiative”
1.3 Infectious Diseases Remaining an Important Public Health Security Problem
1.3.1 Dual Threats of New and Old Infectious Diseases and the Transnational and Transcontinental Transmission of These Diseases [8–10]
1.3.2 Risk Factors for Infectious Disease Transmission
1.4 Data Sources
References
2: Health Cooperation Between China and Other “Belt and Road” Countries
2.1 East Asia
2.2 Southeast Asia
2.3 South Asia
2.4 West Asia
2.5 Central Asia
2.6 Eastern Europe
2.7 North Africa
3: Cholera Risk Assessment, Control, and Prevention
3.1 The Epidemic Situation of Cholera in “Belt and Road” Countries
3.1.1 Asia Oceania Areas
3.1.2 Central Asia
3.1.3 Western Asia
3.1.4 South Asia
3.1.5 Eastern Europe
3.1.6 Africa
3.2 The Cholera Risk Level in “Belt and Road” Countries and the Principles for Cholera Control
3.2.1 Principles and Basis for the Assessment of Cholera Risk Level
3.2.2 Assessed Cholera Risk Level of “Belt and Road” Countries
3.2.2.1 Countries with Very High Risk of Cholera
3.2.2.1.1 Ethiopia, Kenya
3.2.2.1.2 Bangladesh
3.2.2.1.3 Afghanistan
3.2.2.1.4 India
3.2.2.2 Countries with a High Risk of Cholera
3.2.2.2.1 Pakistan
3.2.2.2.2 Nepal
3.2.2.2.3 Iraq
3.2.2.2.4 Indonesia
3.2.2.2.5 Philippines
3.2.2.2.6 Myanmar
3.2.2.2.7 Cambodia
3.2.2.3 Countries with a Moderate Risk of Cholera
3.2.2.3.1 Iran
3.2.2.3.2 Laos
3.2.2.3.3 Vietnam
3.2.2.3.4 Thailand
3.2.2.4 Countries with Low Risk of Cholera
3.2.2.4.1 Malaysia
3.2.2.4.2 Mongolia
3.2.2.4.3 Maldives
3.2.2.4.4 Uzbekistan
3.2.2.4.5 Sri Lanka
3.2.2.5 Cholera Risk Level in Central Asian Countries
3.2.2.6 Countries Without Cholera Risk
3.2.3 General Principles for Cholera Prevention and Control
References
4: Risk Assessment and Control on Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
4.1 Poliomyelitis
4.1.1 Overview of Polio in the “Belt and Road” Countries
4.1.2 Risk Assessment and Principles of Prevention and Control
4.1.2.1 Risk Assessment
4.1.2.2 Principles of Prevention and Control
4.1.2.2.1 Prevention
4.1.2.2.2 Case Management
4.1.2.2.3 Outbreak Management [9]
4.1.3 Case Study of a Polio Outbreak in China
4.2 Measles
4.2.1 Overview of Measles in the “Belt and Road” Countries
4.2.2 Risk Assessment and Principles of Prevention and Control
4.2.2.1 Risk Assessment
4.2.2.2 Principles of Prevention and Control
4.2.2.2.1 Prevention
4.2.2.2.2 Case Management
4.2.2.2.3 Outbreak Management
4.3 Meningococcal Disease
4.3.1 Overview of Meningococcal Diseases in the “Belt and Road” Countries
4.3.2 Risk Assessment and Principles of Prevention and Control
4.3.2.1 Risk Assessment
4.3.2.2 Principles of Prevention and Control
4.3.2.2.1 Prevention
4.3.2.2.2 Case Management
4.3.2.2.3 Close Contacts Management
4.3.2.2.4 Outbreak Control
4.3.3 Control of Meningococcal Diseases in the “Meningitis Belt”
4.4 Japanese Encephalitis
4.4.1 Overview of JE in the “Belt and Road” Countries
4.4.2 Risk Assessment and Principles of Prevention and Control
4.4.2.1 Risk Assessment
4.4.2.2 Principles of Prevention and Control
4.4.2.2.1 Prevention
4.4.2.2.2 Cases Management
4.4.2.2.3 Outbreak Control [22]
4.4.3 Prevention and Control of JE in China
4.5 Diphtheria
4.5.1 Overview of Diphtheria in the “Belt and Road” Countries
4.5.2 Risk Assessment and Principles of Prevention and Control
4.5.2.1 Risk Assessment
4.5.2.2 Principles of Prevention and Control
4.5.2.2.1 Prevention
4.5.2.2.2 Cases Management
4.5.2.2.3 Close Contacts Management
4.6 Hepatitis A
4.6.1 Overview of Hepatitis A in the “Belt and Road” Countries
4.6.2 Risk Assessment and Principles of Prevention and Control
4.6.2.1 Risk Assessment
4.6.2.2 Principles of Prevention and Control
4.6.2.2.1 Prevention
4.6.2.2.2 Institutions
4.6.2.2.3 Case Management
4.6.2.2.4 Outbreak Control
4.6.3 Case of Hepatitis A Outbreak
References
5: Risks of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control
5.1 Epidemic Situation of Tuberculosis
5.1.1 General Situation of Global TB
5.1.2 TB Epidemic in the “Belt and Road” Countries
5.1.3 TB Epidemic in China
5.2 TB Risks and Principles for Prevention and Control
5.2.1 TB Prevention and Control Strategy in “Belt and Road” Countries
5.2.2 Risk of the Spread of TB Epidemic from Other “Belt and Road” Countries to China, and Recommendations on Its Prevention and Control
5.2.3 Risk for Travelling to and Working in “Belt and Road” Countries, and Recommendations on Travel
5.2.4 Recommendations on Public Health Cooperation Among “Belt and Road” Countries
5.3 Case Studies on Prevention and Control
References
6: The Risk and Prevention and Control of Influenza
6.1 Overview of the Influenza/Avian Influenza Epidemic in “Belt and Road” (“B&R”) Countries
6.1.1 Seasonal Influenza
6.1.2 Avian Influenza
6.2 The Risk and Principles for the Prevention and Control of Influenza
6.2.1 The Risk of Epidemic
6.2.2 Prevention and Control Principles
6.2.2.1 Seasonal Influenza
6.2.2.2 Avian Influenza
6.3 Cases of Influenza Prevention and Control
References
7: The Risk, Prevention, and Control of Arthropod-Borne Infectious Diseases
7.1 The Prevalence of Arthropod-Borne Infectious Diseases in “Belt and Road” Countries
7.1.1 Dengue Fever
7.1.2 Zika Virus Disease
7.1.3 Yellow Fever
7.1.4 Chikungunya Fever
7.1.5 Rift Valley Fever
7.2 The Epidemic Risk and the Principle of Prevention and Control of Arthropod-Borne Infectious Diseases
7.3 Cases of Prevention and Control
References
8: Plague Risk and Prevention
8.1 Overview of the Plague Epidemic in the World
8.2 Plague Risk and Prevention and Control Principles
8.2.1 Risk Assessment
8.2.2 Principles of Prevention and Control
8.3 Plague Control Cases
References
9: Malaria Risk and Control
9.1 Epidemic Situation in “Belt and Road” Countries
9.2 Malaria Risk and Control Principles
9.2.1 Malaria Risk
9.2.2 Prevention and Control Principles and Measures
9.3 Case Study
References
10: Ebola Virus Disease Risk and Control
10.1 Ebola Virus Disease Epidemic
10.1.1 Overview
10.1.2 Epidemic in “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI) Countries
10.1.2.1 Uganda
10.1.2.2 Gabon
10.1.2.3 Republic of the Congo
10.1.2.4 Sudan
10.1.2.5 Philippines
10.1.2.6 Russia
10.1.2.7 Italy
10.1.2.8 Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia
10.1.2.9 South Africa
10.1.2.10 Cote d’Ivoire
10.1.2.11 Mali, Nigeria, and Senegal
10.2 EVD Risk and Principles of Prevention and Control
10.2.1 EVD Risk
10.2.2 Principles of EVD Prevention and Control
10.2.2.1 Reduce the Risk of Epidemic
10.2.2.2 Early Detection of Outbreak
10.2.2.3 Isolate Patients, Follow Up, and Manage Close Contacts
10.2.2.4 Improve Public Cooperation in the Implementation of Prevention and Control Measures
10.3 Case Study
References
11: Risk and Prevention of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
11.1 ERS Outbreaks in the “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI) Countries
11.2 MERS Risk and Principles of Prevention and Control
11.2.1 Risk Assessment
11.2.2 Principles of Prevention and Control
11.3 Case Study
References
12: Schistosomiasis Risk and Prevention
12.1 Overview of Schistosomiasis in “Belt and Road” Countries
12.1.1 Epidemiological Situation
12.1.1.1 Nigeria
12.1.1.2 Tanzania
12.1.1.3 Ghana
12.1.2 Control Progress
12.2 Schistosomiasis Risk and Control Principles
12.2.1 Schistosomiasis Risk
12.2.1.1 Sustained Risks in Local Schistosomiasis Transmission
12.2.1.1.1 Lack of Safe Water, Inadequate Sanitation, and Behavior
12.2.1.1.2 Widely Distributed Snail Habitats
12.2.1.1.3 Risk of Reinfection
12.2.1.2 Risk of Imported Schistosomiasis Transmission
12.2.2 Control Strategies
12.2.2.1 Preventive Chemotherapy
12.2.2.2 Snail Control
12.2.2.3 Sanitation Improvement and Safe Water Supply
12.2.2.4 Hygiene Education
12.2.2.5 Disease Surveillance
12.3 Case Study
References
13: COVID-19 Risk and Control
13.1 Overview of COVID-19 Pandemic in “Belt and Road” Countries
13.2 COVID-19 Risk and Principles of Prevention and Control
13.2.1 Pandemic Risk
13.2.2 Principles of Prevention and Control
13.2.2.1 General Requirements and Principles
13.2.2.2 Specific Requirements and Principles
13.2.2.2.1 Put Prevention in the First Place
13.2.2.2.2 Implement the “4 Earlies” Measures
13.2.2.2.3 Highlight Key Links
13.2.2.2.4 Strengthen Support
13.2.2.2.5 Strengthen Organization and Leadership
13.3 Case Study
References
14: Risk of AIDS and Its Prevention and Control
14.1 HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the Countries of the Belt and Road Initiative
14.2 Risks of HIV/AIDS and Principles of Its Prevention and Control
14.2.1 Risk Assessment
14.2.2 Principles of Prevention and Control
14.3 Cases of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control
References
Correction to: Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in BRI Countries
Correction to: Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in BRI Countries https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6958-0
