Precalculus

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Julie Miller and Donna Gerken wrote their developmental math series because students were coming into their courses underprepared. They weren’t mathematically mature enough to understand the concepts of math nor were they fully engaged with the material. This series strives to help bridge that gap for students, with the text strengthened by its offering in ALEKS, now featuring Custom Question Authoring, Video Assignments, interactive tools, and more! ALEKS is a course assistant that helps math instructors forge Constructive Learning Paths for their students – blending personalized modules with instructor-driven assignments to ensure every student always has another block to build on their knowledge base.

Author(s): Julie Miller, Donna Gerken
Edition: 2
Publisher: McGraw-Hill
Year: 2023

Language: English
Pages: 1266

Review of Prerequisites 1

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Section R.1 Sets and the Real Number Line 2

Section R.2 Exponents and Radicals 17

Section R.3 Polynomials and Factoring 31

Problem Recognition Exercises: Simplifying Algebraic Expressions 45

Section R.4 Rational Expressions and More Operations on Radicals 45

Section R.5 Equations with Real Solutions 56

Section R.6 Complex Numbers and More Quadratic Equations 73

Section R.7 Applications of Equations 86

Section R.8 Linear, Compound, and Absolute Value Inequalities 99

Problem Recognition Exercises: Recognizing and Solving Equations and Inequalities 110

Algebra for Calculus 110

Equations and Inequalities for Calculus 111

Key Concepts 112

Review Exercises 116

Test 119

CHAPTER 1 Functions and Relations 121

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Section 1.1 The Rectangular Coordinate System and Graphing Utilities 122

Section 1.2 Circles 135

Section 1.3 Functions and Relations 141

Section 1.4 Linear Equations in Two Variables and Linear Functions 155

Section 1.5 Applications of Linear Equations and Modeling 172

Problem Recognition Exercises: Comparing Graphs of Equations 188

Section 1.6 Transformations of Graphs 189

Section 1.7 Analyzing Graphs of Functions and Piecewise-Defined Functions 204

Section 1.8 Algebra of Functions and Function Composition 224

Key Concepts 238

Review Exercises 240

Test 245

Cumulative Review Exercises 246

CHAPTER 2 Polynomial and Rational Functions 249

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Section 2.1 Quadratic Functions and Applications 250

Section 2.2 Introduction to Polynomial Functions 265

Section 2.3 Division of Polynomials and the Remainder and Factor Theorems 282

Section 2.4 Zeros of Polynomials 295

Section 2.5 Introduction to Rational Functions 311

Page v

Section 2.6 Graphs of Rational Functions 328

Problem Recognition Exercises: Polynomial and Rational Functions 341

Section 2.7 Polynomial and Rational Inequalities 342

Problem Recognition Exercises: Solving Equations and Inequalities 356

Section 2.8 Variation 357

Key Concepts 365

Review Exercises 368

Test 372

Cumulative Review Exercises 374

CHAPTER 3 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions 375

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Section 3.1 Inverse Functions 376

Section 3.2 Exponential Functions 388

Section 3.3 Logarithmic Functions 403

Problem Recognition Exercises: Analyzing Functions 418

Section 3.4 Properties of Logarithms 419

Section 3.5 Exponential and Logarithmic Equations and Applications 429

Section 3.6 Modeling with Exponential and Logarithmic Functions 443

Key Concepts 460

Review Exercises 462

Test 465

Cumulative Review Exercises 466

CHAPTER 4 Trigonometric Functions 467

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Section 4.1 Angles and Their Measure 468

Section 4.2 Trigonometric Functions Defined on the Unit Circle 485

Section 4.3 Right Triangle Trigonometry 503

Section 4.4 Trigonometric Functions of Any Angle 520

Section 4.5 Graphs of Sine and Cosine Functions 531

Section 4.6 Graphs of Other Trigonometric Functions 551

Problem Recognition Exercises: Comparing Graphical Characteristics of Trigonometric Functions 563

Section 4.7 Inverse Trigonometric Functions 564

Key Concepts 580

Review Exercises 585

Test 588

Cumulative Review Exercises 590

CHAPTER 5 Analytic Trigonometry 591

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Section 5.1 Fundamental Trigonometric Identities 592

Section 5.2 Sum and Difference Formulas 603

Section 5.3 Double-Angle, Power-Reducing, and Half-Angle Formulas 615

Section 5.4 Product-to-Sum and Sum-to-Product Formulas 625

Problem Recognition Exercises: Verifying Trigonometric Identities 631

Section 5.5 Trigonometric Equations 631

Page vi

Problem Recognition Exercises: Trigonometric Identities and Trigonometric Equations 646

Key Concepts 647

Review Exercises 649

Test 651

Cumulative Review Exercises 652

CHAPTER 6 Applications of Trigonometric Functions 653

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Section 6.1 Applications of Right Triangles 654

Section 6.2 The Law of Sines 666

Section 6.3 The Law of Cosines 681

Problem Recognition Exercises: Solving Triangles Using a Variety of Tools 692

Section 6.4 Harmonic Motion 693

Key Concepts 703

Review Exercises 705

Test 707

Cumulative Review Exercises 709

CHAPTER 7 Trigonometry Applied to Polar Coordinate Systems and Vectors 711

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Section 7.1 Polar Coordinates 712

Section 7.2 Graphs of Polar Equations 723

Problem Recognition Exercises: Comparing Equations in Polar and Rectangular Form 738

Section 7.3 Complex Numbers in Polar Form 740

Section 7.4 Vectors 754

Section 7.5 Dot Product 771

Key Concepts 785

Review Exercises 787

Test 790

Cumulative Review Exercises 791

CHAPTER 8 Systems of Equations and Inequalities 793

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Section 8.1 Systems of Linear Equations in Two Variables and Applications 794

Section 8.2 Systems of Linear Equations in Three Variables and Applications 808

Section 8.3 Partial Fraction Decomposition 820

Section 8.4 Systems of Nonlinear Equations in Two Variables 830

Section 8.5 Inequalities and Systems of Inequalities in Two Variables 839

Problem Recognition Exercises: Equations and Inequalities in Two Variables 850

Section 8.6 Linear Programming 851

Key Concepts 860

Review Exercises 862

Test 864

Cumulative Review Exercises 865

Page vii
CHAPTER 9 Matrices and Determinants and Applications 867

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Section 9.1 Solving Systems of Linear Equations Using Matrices 868

Section 9.2 Inconsistent Systems and Dependent Equations 879

Section 9.3 Operations on Matrices 889

Section 9.4 Inverse Matrices and Matrix Equations 906

Section 9.5 Determinants and Cramer’s Rule 918

Problem Recognition Exercises: Using Multiple Methods to Solve Systems of Linear Equations 931

Key Concepts 931

Review Exercises 933

Test 936

Cumulative Review Exercises 937

CHAPTER 10 Analytic Geometry 939

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Section 10.1 The Ellipse 940

Section 10.2 The Hyperbola 958

Section 10.3 The Parabola 976

Problem Recognition Exercises: Comparing Equations of Conic Sections and the General Equation 990

Section 10.4 Rotation of Axes 992

Section 10.5 Polar Equations of Conics 1005

Section 10.6 Plane Curves and Parametric Equations 1015

Key Concepts 1030

Review Exercises 1033

Test 1037

Cumulative Review Exercises 1039

CHAPTER 11 Sequences, Series, Induction, and Probability 1041

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Section 11.1 Sequences and Series 1042

Section 11.2 Arithmetic Sequences and Series 1054

Section 11.3 Geometric Sequences and Series 1065

Problem Recognition Exercises: Comparing Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences and Series 1079

Section 11.4 Mathematical Induction 1079

Section 11.5 The Binomial Theorem 1086

Section 11.6 Principles of Counting 1093

Section 11.7 Introduction to Probability 1105

Key Concepts 1122

Review Exercises 1124

Test 1128

Cumulative Review Exercises 1130

CHAPTER 12 Preview of Calculus (Online)

Section 12.1 Introduction to Limits Through Tables and Graphs

Section 12.2 Algebraic Properties of Limits

Problem Recognition Exercises: Limits and Continuity

Section 12.3 The Tangent Line Problem: Introduction to Derivatives

Page viii

Section 12.4 Limits at Infinity and Limits of Sequences

Section 12.5 Area Under a Curve

Key Concepts

Review Exercises

Test

Student Answer Appendix SA-1

Instructor Answer Appendix IA-1 (AIE only)

Subject Index I-1

Appendix A Additional Topics (Online)

Section A.1 Proof of the Binomial Theorem

Section A.2 Conic Sections Defined by a Fixed Point and a Fixed Line

Additional Online Content

Detailed Chapter Summaries

Group Activities