This is a first attempt to provide a general analysis of developments in polyimide membrane synthesis and applications. It will serve as a valuable reference for those with an interest in synthesis of polyimides, the chemistry and physical chemistry of polyimide compounds, the separation properties of membranes and in their preparation and application. It is intended as a summary of the current status of polyimide membrane research for the specialist as well as a teaching aid for graduate studies in polymer chemistry. The authors collaboration demonstrates the high level of scientific research in Russia and the active development of applied research in Japan.
Author(s): Haruhiko Ohya, Vladislav V. Kudryavtsev, Svetlana I. Semenova
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 1996
Language: English
Pages: 323
City: Boca Raton
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
1: Introduction. Trends in Polyimide Membrane Development
1.1 Advantages of Polyimides as Membrane Materials
1.2 Statistical Analysis of Patent Information Flows
1.3 The First Steps in Commercial Application of Polyimide Membrane
References
2: Synthesis of Polyimides
2.1 Basic Rules of the Polycondensation Process of Polyamic Acid Formation
2.1.1 Quantitative Characterization of the Polycondensation Process of Aromatic Dianhydrides with Aromatic Diamines
2.1.2 Kinetic Characteristics of Poly-[(4,4’-Oxydiphenylene)Pyromellitamic Acid] Synthesis and Aging Processes
2.1.3 Molecular Weight Kinetics of Poly-[(4,4’-Oxydiphenylene)Pyromellitamic Acid] in the Course of Aging in the Case of Non-Equivalence of Functional Groups
2.1.4 Effect of Polycondensation Conditions on Average Molecular Weights and Molecular Weight Distribution of Polyamic Acids
2.1.5 Amide Solvent as a Factor of the Polycondensation Process of Poly-[(4,4’- Oxyphenylene)pyromellitamic Acid] Formation
2.1.6 Rheological Behavior of Poly-[(4,4’-Oxydiphenylene)Pyromellitamic Acid] Solutions in the Mixture of Thermodynamically Good Solvents and Precipitators
2.1.7 Effect of Chemical Structure of Polyamic Acid Formed by Polycondensation on Molecular Weight
2.2 The Most General Routes of Conversion of Polyamic Acids into Polyimides: Soluble Polyimides
2.2.1 The Most Common Methods of Polyimide Production
2.2.2 Chemical Structure Versus Solubility of Polyimides
2.2.3 One-Stage High-temperature Synthesis of Polyimides
2.2.4 Catalytic Cyclization of Polyamic Acids in Solution
References
3: Structure-Property Relationships of Polyimides
3.1 Polyimide Macromolecules and Supermolecular Structure of Polyimides
3.1.1 Flexibility of Individual Polyimide Macromolecule
3.1.2 Rigidity of Ensemble of Polyimide Macromolecules. Intermolecular Interactions
3.1.3 Supermolecular Structure
3.1.4 Summary
3.2 Amorphous Transitions in Polyimides (Second-Order Transition Temperatures)
3.2.1 Types of Transitions
3.2.2 Physical Nature of the Main Relaxation Transitions
References
4: Separation Properties of Polyimides
4.1 Gas Permeability of Polyimides
4.1.1 General Views on Gas Permeability in Glassy Polymers
4.1.2 Effect of the Chemical Structure of Polyimides on Gas Separation Properties
4.1.3 Permeability of Gases and Vapors Capable of Specific Interactions with Polyimides
4.2 Pervaporation Properties of Polyimides
4.3 Effect of Chemical Structure of Polyimides on Reverse Osmosis Properties
4.4 Effect of Polyimide Films Morphology on Mass Transfer Properties
References
5: Preparation of Polyimide Membranes
5.1 Classification of PI Membranes by Shape and Structure
5.2 Preparation of Heterogeneous Asymmetric PI Membranes by the Phase Inversion Technique
5.2.1 Effect of Process Parameters on the Phase Inversion Process
5.2.2 Formation of PI Hollow Fiber Membranes
5.3 Preparation Heterogeneous PI Membranes of Composite Structure
5.3.1 Formation of an Active or Protective Layer on the Asymmetric Membrane Surface
5.3.2 Formation of an Ultrathin Selective Polyimide Layer on Water Surface and Subsequent Transfer Onto a Porous Support
5.4 Modification of Polyimide Membranes
5.5 Nuclear PI Membranes
References
6: Industrial Application of Polyimide Membranes
6.1 Characteristics of Polyimde Membranes
6.1.1 Chemical Resistivity
6.1.2 Thermal Durability
6.1.3 High Permselectivity in Gas Separation
6.2 Applications for Gas Separation
6.2.1 Separation of Hydrogen
6.2.2 Separation of Helium
6.2.3 Carbon Dioxide and Acid Gas Separation
6.3 Application for Vapor Separation
6.3.1 Water Vapor Separation from Air
6.3.2 Separation of Water Vapor from Wet Organic Vapor Mixtures
6.3.3 Separation of Organic Vapor
6.4 Application to Non-Aqueous Liquid Separation
6.4.1 Ultrafiltration
6.5 Summary
References
Index
