This book explains general concepts of an important engineering thermoplastic polymer―polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT). It describes preparation methods, characterization techniques, and various applications of PTT-based blends, IPNs, and composites. It also gives a clear idea about the engineering thermoplastic, PTT, and its importance in future. In addition to the basic concepts of PTT-based materials, the book also includes novel studies and issues on this topic. This book is an outcome of contributions by experts from different disciplines with various backgrounds and expertise. This book is useful for professionals, researchers, industrial practitioners, graduate students, and senior undergraduates of polymer science and engineering. Additionally, it is also beneficial for researchers working on materials science, surface science, bioengineering, chemical engineering, and nanomaterials. This book helps the researchers and students in expanding their knowledge in this field.
Author(s): A. R. Ajitha, Sabu Thomas
Series: Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 307
City: Singapore
Contents
About the Editors
Part I Introduction
1 Poly(Trimethylene Terephthalate): Introduction
1 Introduction
1.1 Poly(Trimethylene Terephthalate) (PTT)
2 Manufacturing of PTT
3 Properties and Applications of PTT
4 Summary
References
Part II PTT Based Blends and IPNs
2 PTT-Based Polymer Blends and IPNs: Preparation Methods
1 Introduction
2 Synthesis of Poly(Trimethylene Terephthalate) (PTT)
3 Properties of Poly(Trimethylene Terephthalate) (PTT)
4 PTT-Based Polymer Blends
5 PTT-Based IPNs
6 PTT-Based Polymeric Blends—Preparation Methods
6.1 Melt Mixing
6.2 Solution Blending
6.3 Injection Moulding
7 Ternary Blends Based on PTT
8 Polymer Blends Based on PTT for Diverse Applications
9 Interpenetrating Networks (IPNs) Based on Poly(Alkylene Terephthalates)
10 Conclusions
References
3 Characterization Techniques of PTT-Based Polymer Blends and IPNs
1 Introduction
2 Different Characterization Techniques of PTT-Based Polymer Blends and IPNs
2.1 Structural and Morphological Studies
2.2 Mechanical Studies
2.3 Viscoelastic Properties
2.4 Thermal Studies
2.5 X-ray Diffraction Analysis
3 Conclusion
References
4 PTT/Rubber, Thermoplastic and Thermosetting Polymer Blends and IPNs
1 Introduction
2 Thermoplastic Blends and Compatibility
3 PTT Thermoplastics and Thermosets
4 PTT/Rubber Blends (Rubber-Toughened PTT-RTPTT)
4.1 Need for Blends
4.2 Preparation Methods
4.3 Properties
4.4 Applications
5 PTT-Based Thermosetting and Thermoplastic Blends
6 Interpenetrating Networks (IPNs): General Outline, Structure and Classification
6.1 Full IPNs
6.2 Semi-IPNs
7 PTT-Based IPNs
7.1 Preparation Methods
8 Recent Advances in the Preparation of Polyester
9 Characterization Techniques
9.1 Analytical Methods
10 Applications
10.1 Applications of the New Generation Polyester PTT
11 Conclusion
References
Part III PTT Based Composites and Nanocomposites
5 PTT-Based Micro and Nanocomposites: Methods of Preparation and Properties
1 Introduction
2 Synthesis of PTT-Based Composites
2.1 Synthesis of PTT-Based Micro Composites
2.2 Synthesis of PTT-Based Nano Composites
3 Properties of PTT Composites
3.1 Properties of PTT Microcomposites
3.2 Properties of PTT Nanocomposites
4 Conclusions
References
6 Characterization Techniques Used to Study Various Macro and Nanocomposites of PTT
1 Introduction
1.1 Composites of PTT
2 Characterization of Composites and Nanocomposites of Poly-Trimethylene Terephthalate
2.1 Spectral Characterization
2.2 Morphological Characterization of PTT Composites
2.3 Thermal Characterization
2.4 Electrical Properties of PTT Composites
2.5 Barrier Properties of PTT Composites
2.6 Mechanical Properties
3 Conclusions
References
7 Crystallization and Solid-State Characterization of Poly(Trimethylene Terephthalate) and Its Nanocomposites
1 Introduction
2 Poly(Trimethylene Terephthalate)
3 PTT Nanocomposites
4 X-ray Diffraction
4.1 PTT
5 Thermal Properties
5.1 PTT
5.2 PTT Nanocomposites
6 Optical Microscopy
6.1 PTT
6.2 PTT Nanocomposites
7 FTIR Spectroscopy
7.1 Band Assignments
7.2 Conformational Changes of PTT
7.3 Conformational Changes of PTT Nanocomposites
7.4 Molecular Orientation
References
8 Functional Properties of PTT-Based Composites and Nanocomposites
1 Introduction
2 Composites and Nanocomposites with Functional Properties
2.1 Methods of Characterization
2.2 Electrically Conductive PTT-Based (Nano)composites
2.3 Gas Permeable PTT-Based (Nano)composites
2.4 Functional (Nano)composites Based on PTT Blends and Copolymers
2.5 Bio-based Eco-friendly Alternatives for PTT-Based (Nano)composites
3 Summary and Future Perspectives
References
9 PTT-Based Green Composites
1 Introduction
2 Green Composites
2.1 Constituent Materials for Green Composites
2.2 Attributes of Green Composites
2.3 PTT-Based Green Composites
3 Processing Technology of PTT-Based Green Composites
4 Properties of PTT-Based Green Composites
5 Applications and Challenges
6 Summary
References
10 Morphological Studies and Its Effects on PTT-Based Micro, Nanocomposites, and Polymer Blends Properties
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Chemical Modification of MWCNT
2.2 Preparation of PTT/MWCNT and PTT/ABS/MWCNT Nanocomposites and PTT/GR
2.3 Characterization
3 Factors That Affect the Morphology of Nanocomposites and Blends Containing PTT as Polymer Matrix
3.1 Functionalization of the Filler
3.2 Addition of Compatibilizer Agent
3.3 Addition of Second Phase and Compatibilizer Agent
4 Conclusions
References
Part IV Applications of PTT
11 Industrial Applications of PTT-Based Polymer Blends, Composites, and Nanocomposites
1 Introduction
2 PTT-Based Polymer Blends
2.1 Different Types of PTT Blends
2.2 Important Applications of PTT Blends
3 Poly (Trimethylene Terephthalate) (PTT) Composites
3.1 Classification and Fabrication methods of PTT composites
3.2 Applications of PTT Composites
4 PTT-Based Nanocomposites
4.1 Fillers used in PTT matrix
4.2 Synthesis of PTT Nanocomposites
4.3 Applications of PTT Nanocomposites
5 Conclusion
References
12 Textile Applications of PTT-Based Polymer Blends, Composites, and Nanocomposites
1 Introduction to PTT-Based Polymer Blends, Composites, and Nanocomposites: Processing and Characterization
1.1 Processing
1.2 Characterization
2 Major Applications of PTT-Based Polymer Blends, Composites, and Nanocomposites
3 Textile Application of PTT-Based Polymer Blends
3.1 Blends of PTT with PET
3.2 Blend of PTT with Polypropylene (PP)
3.3 Blends of PTT with PBT
3.4 Blends of PTT with PLA
3.5 Blends of PTT with Polystyrene
4 Textile Application of PTT-Based Polymer Composites
4.1 PTT/Glass Fiber Composites
5 Textile Application of PTT-Based Polymer Nanocomposites
5.1 PTT/Graphene Nanocomposites
5.2 PTT/CNT Nanocomposites
5.3 PTT/Clay Nanocomposites
6 Conclusion
References
13 Antistatic Packaging for Electronic Devices of PTT-Based Polymer Blends, Composites, and Nanocomposites
1 Introduction
1.1 Antistatic Packaging
2 Antistatic Agents
2.1 Graphite
2.2 Graphene Nanoplatelets
2.3 Carbon Nanotubes
3 Superficial and Volumetric Electrical Resistivity
3.1 Dielectric Spectroscopy
3.2 Anisotropy in Nanocomposites’ Electrical Properties
4 Experimental
4.1 Materials
4.2 Composites Preparation
4.3 Electrical Characterization
5 Results and Discussions
5.1 Effect of the Aspect Ratio of the Antistatic Agent on the Electrical Properties of PTT Composites
5.2 Effect of Adding a Compatibilizer Agent on the Electrical Properties of PTT Composites
5.3 Effect of a Second Phase Addition on the Electrical Properties of PTT/ABS Blend-Based Carbon Nanotubes’ Nanocomposites
5.4 Effect of Antistatic Agent Functionalization on Electrical Properties of PTT Composites
6 Conclusions
References
14 Comparative Study of Physical, Chemical, and Dyeing Performances of PET, PTT, and PET/PTT Bicomponent Filaments
1 Introduction
2 Polyester Filaments
2.1 Synthesis of PET and PTT Polyester Filaments
2.2 PET and PTT Filament Manufacturing Process
2.3 Properties of PET and PTT Filaments
3 Bicomponent Polyester Filaments
3.1 Bicomponent Filament Spinning Processes
3.2 Classifications of Bicomponent Filaments
3.3 Areas of Application of Bicomponent Filaments
4 Bicomponent Filaments (60% PET, 40% PTT) Side by Side
4.1 Spinning Processes
4.2 Properties of Bicomponent Filaments (60% PET, 40% PTT)
5 Dyeing Polyesters Filaments
5.1 Disperse Dyes
5.2 Properties
5.3 Dispersing Agents
5.4 Carriers
5.5 Processes for Dyeing PET Using Disperse Dyes
5.6 Dyeing Bicomponent Filament (60% PET, 40% PTT)
6 Conclusion
References
