Physics of Cancer, Volume 2: Cellular and microenvironmental efects

PRELIMS.pdf
Preface
Preface for second edition
Acknowledgments
Author biography
Claudia Tanja Mierke
CH009.pdf
Chapter 9 Microtubules during migration and matrix invasion
Summary
9.1 The structure and assembly of microtubules
9.2 The assembly of the mitotic spindle during cell division
9.2.1 How are the different subsets of spindle microtubules organized?
9.2.2 What forces are present in the spindle microtubule network?
9.2.3 How are the forces altered by crosslinked microtubule pairs?
9.3 Microtubules and cell motility
9.3.1 Functional role of microtubules in cell motility in 2D and 3D
9.3.2 Microtubules in cell morphogenesis and 3D motility
9.3.3 The cell–matrix adhesion and trafficking in 3D microenvironments
9.3.4 The microtubule-related signaling in 3D microenvironments
9.4 Effect of microtubules on cell mechanical properties
9.5 The interactions of microtubules with actin filaments
9.5.1 Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs)
9.5.2 The role of MAPs in 3D cell migration
9.5.3 Direct interaction between microtubules and actin
9.5.4 Microtubules and actin isoforms are segregated in different compartments
9.5.5 The epithelial cell migratory capacity is driven by an EB1–γ-actin interaction
9.6 Effect of the microtubule–actin interaction on the mechanical properties of cells
9.6.1 Interaction between microtubules and actin affects barrier function
9.7 The impact of microtubule alterations on diseases such as cancer metastasis
9.7.1 Role of tubulin isotypes in cancer
9.7.2 The role of tubulin in oncogenetic signal transduction
References and further reading
CH010.pdf
Chapter 10 Nuclear deformability during migration and matrix invasion
Summary
10.1 The physical role of the nucleus in cell migration
10.2 Mechanical properties of the nucleus
10.3 Nucleus–cytoskeleton–extracellular matrix connections
10.3.1 Nucleus–cytoskeleton connections
10.3.2 Impact on nucleus–cytoskeletal interactions on cell adhesion
10.4 Mechanosensitivity and mechanotransduction
10.4.1 Mechanotransduction and nuclear function
10.4.2 The nucleus: linking structural form to function
10.4.3 LINC complexes and nuclear mechanotransduction
10.4.4 Nesprins
10.4.5 SUNs
10.4.6 Emerin
10.4.7 Mechanotransduction via the nuclear envelope: a distant reflection of the cell surface
10.4.8 The nuclear envelope and the cell membrane share similarities in their mechanosensitivity
10.4.9 LINC complex reinforcement
10.4.10 Nuclear membrane tension
10.4.11 Lamina remodeling
10.5 Nuclear positioning and cell polarization in cell migration
10.6 Nucleus–cytoskeleton connection dependent cell migration
10.7 Cell squeezing through constrictions
10.8 Models of the nucleus during cell migration
10.9 Nucleoskeleton
10.9.1 The size and rigidity of the nucleus: a physical barrier for cell migration
10.9.2 Lamins determine nuclear deformability and migration through confined environments
10.9.3 The role of chromatin in nuclear deformability and migration
10.10 Cytoskeletal forces pulling or pushing on the nucleus
10.10.1 Pulling the nucleus forward
10.10.2 Pushing the nucleus forward
10.11 Physical compartmentalization by the nucleus
10.12 Biological consequences of nuclear deformation during 3D cell migration
10.12.1 Influences on cell survival and genomic stability
10.12.2 Influences on mechanotransduction signaling and gene expression
10.13 Nuclear mechanotransduction
10.13.1 Structural organization of nuclear lamina
10.13.2 Direct transmission of forces to the nucleus
10.13.3 Nucleus deformability dictates mechanosensitive response to fast and slow physical inputs
10.13.4 Conversion of mechanical forces into biochemical signals
10.13.5 Molecular mediators of cellular mechanotransduction
10.13.6 Force-dependent genome reorganization modulates transcription
10.14 Nuclear envelope rupture and repair during cancer cell migration
References and further reading
CH011.pdf
Chapter 11 The mechanical and structural properties of the microenvironment
Summary
11.1 Why is the extracellular matrix of connective tissue crucial for the invasion of cancer cells?
11.2 3D collagen matrices partly mimic the natural extracellular matrix scaffold
11.3 Pore size
11.4 Matrix stiffness
11.4.1 Plate rheometer
11.4.2 Effect of the temperature on collagen type I polymerization
11.4.3 Comparison of active microrheology and bulk rheology
11.4.4 Active microrheology (optical trapping) of primary murine melanoma
11.4.5 AFM for 3D collagen matrices
11.4.6 MRE
11.5 Matrix composition
11.6 The impact of fiber thickness, connection points and polymerization dynamics on cancer cell invasion
11.7 The role of a matrix stiffness gradient in cancer cell invasion
11.7.1 Stiffened matrices as a model for tumors
11.7.2 Fibrosis models for cell culture: heterogeneous structure with homogeneous ligand
References and further reading
CH012.pdf
Chapter 12 The impact of cells and substances within the extracellular matrix tissue on mechanical properties and cell invasion
Summary
12.1 The impact of tumor-associated fibroblasts on matrix mechanical properties
12.2 Cancer-associated fibroblasts align fibronectin in the matrix to enhance cancer cell migration
12.3 The role of substances and growth factors within the extracellular matrix for cancer cell mechanical properties
12.4 Mechanical properties of extracellular matrix fiber networks using magnetic twisting cytometry
References and further reading
CH013.pdf
Chapter 13 The active role of the tumor stroma in regulating cell invasion
Summary
13.1 The stroma enhances malignant cancer progression
13.2 Biomechanical alterations in cancer cells
13.3 Extracellular matrix evoked alterations in cancer cell functions
13.4 Biomechanical alterations in multicellular spheroids
13.5 Biomechanical alterations of extracellular matrix stroma in cancer
13.6 Stromal influence on the behavior of cancer cells
13.7 How can the extracellular matrix of the stroma be mimicked?
13.7.1 2D and 3D matrices
13.7.2 Collagen-based hydrogel matrices
13.7.3 Cell-free tissue extracellular matrices
13.8 The stroma decreases malignant cancer progression
13.8.1 Stiffness
13.8.2 Fiber alignment and structure
13.8.3 Force, external stress and mechano-sensing mechanisms
13.8.4 The role of interstitial flow
13.8.5 Molecular interactions between cancer cells and the stroma
13.9 How is the dual role of the stroma affected?
References and further reading
CH014.pdf
Chapter 14 The role of endothelial cell–cell adhesions
Summary
14.1 The expression of cell–cell adhesion molecules
14.2 The strength of cell–cell adhesions
14.3 The cancer cell transmigration route
14.3.1 The paracellular transendothelial migration route
14.3.2 The transcellular transendothelial migration route
14.4 The role of cancer cell exerted invadopodia during transendothelial migration
14.5 Tumor extracellular vesicles and interaction with the vascular system such as endothelial cells and immune cells
14.5.1 Tumor extracellular vesicles induce vascular leakiness and promote circulating tumor cell arrival to distant sites for metastasis
14.5.2 Tumor extracellular vesicles help to establish new target sites for tumor growth termed the pre-metastatic niche
References and further reading
CH015.pdf
Chapter 15 The mechanical properties of endothelial cells altered by aggressive cancer cells
Summary
15.1 The role of endothelial cell stiffness
15.2 The role of the endothelial contractile apparatus
15.3 Interaction between cancer cells and endothelial cells in 3D spheroids
References and further reading
CH016.pdf
Chapter 16 The role of macrophages during cancer cell transendothelial migration
Summary
16.1 What is the role of macrophages during cancer disease?
16.2 Impact of Mena on cancer cell invasion and macrophages
16.3 Impact of Mena on macrophages
16.4 Impact of Notch and Mena signaling during cancer cell and macrophage interaction
References and further reading