Physics for Scientists & Engineers with Modern Physics

Contents
APPLICATIONS LIST
PREFACE
AVAILABLE SUPPLEMENTS AND MEDIA
NOTES TO STUDENTS (AND INSTRUCTORS) ON THE FORMAT
COLOR USE: VECTORS, FIELDS, AND SYMBOLS
CHAPTER1: INTRODUCTION, MEASUREMENT, ESTIMATING
1-1 The Nature of Science
1-2 Models, Theories, and Laws
1-3 Measurement and Uncertainty; Significant Figures
1-4 Units, Standards, and the SI System
1-5 Converting Units
1-6 Order of Magnitude: Rapid Estimating
*1-7 Dimensions and Dimensional Analysis
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
PART 1: MECHANICS
CHAPTER 2: DESCRIBING MOTION: KINEMATICS IN ONE DIMENSION
2-1 Reference Frames and Displacement
2-2 Average Velocity
2-3 Instantaneous Velocity
2-4 Acceleration
2-5 Motion at Constant Acceleration
2-6 Solving Problems
2-7 Freely Falling Objects
*2-8 Variable Acceleration; Integral Calculus
*2-9 Graphical Analysis and Numerical Integration
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 3: KINEMATICS IN TWO OR THREE DIMENSIONS; VECTORS
3-1 Vectors and Scalars
3-2 Addition of Vectors-Graphical Methods
3-3 Subtraction of Vectors, and Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar
3-4 Adding Vectors by Components
3-5 Unit Vectors
3-6 Vector Kinematics
3-7 Projectile Motion
3-8 Solving Problems Involving Projectile Motion
3-9 Relative Velocity
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 4: DYNAMICS: NEWTON'S LAWS OF MOTION
4-1 Force
4-2 Newton's First Law of Motion
4-3 Mass
4-4 Newton's Second Law of Motion
4-5 Newton's Third Law of Motion
4-6 Weight-the Force of Gravity; and the Normal Force
4-7 Solving Problems with Newton's Laws: Free-Body Diagrams
4-8 Problem Solving-A General Approach
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 5: USING NEWTON'S LAWS: FRICTION, CIRCULAR MOTION, DRAG FORCES
5-1 Applications of Newton's Laws Involving Friction
5-2 Uniform Circular Motion-Kinematics
5-3 Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion
5-4 Highway Curves: Banked and Unbanked
*5-5 Nonuniform Circular Motion
*5-6 Velocity-Dependent Forces: Drag and Terminal Velocity
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 6: GRAVITATION AND NEWTON'S SYNTHESIS
6-1 Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
6-2 Vector Form of Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
6-3 Gravity Near the Earth's Surface; Geophysical Applications
6-4 Satellites and "Weightlessness"
6-5 Kepler's Laws and Newton's Synthesis
*6-6 Gravitational Field
6-7 Types of Forces in Nature
*6-8 Principle of Equivalence; Curvature of Space; Black Holes
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 7: WORK AND ENERGY
7-1 Work Done by a Constant Force
7-2 Scalar Product of Two Vectors
7-3 Work Done by a Varying Force
7-4 Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Principle
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 8: CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
8-1 Conservative and Nonconservative Forces
8-2 Potential Energy
8-3 Mechanical Energy and Its Conservation
8-4 Problem Solving Using Conservation of Mechanical Energy
8-5 The Law of Conservation of Energy
8-6 Energy Conservation with Dissipative Forces: Solving Problems
8-7 Gravitational Potential Energy and Escape Velocity
8-8 Power
*8-9 Potential Energy Diagrams; Stable and Unstable Equilibrium
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 9: LINEAR MOMENTUM
9-1 Momentum and Its Relation to Force
9-2 Conservation of Momentum
9-3 Collisions and Impulse
9-4 Conservation of Energy and Momentum in Collisions
9-5 Elastic Collisions in One Dimension
9-6 Inelastic Collisions
9-7 Collisions in Two or Three Dimensions
9-8 Center of Mass (CM)
9-9 Center of Mass and Translational Motion
*9-10 Systems of Variable Mass; Rocket Propulsion
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 10: ROTATIONAL MOTION
10-1 Angular Quantities
10-2 Vector Nature of Angular Quantities
10-3 Constant Angular Acceleration
10-4 Torque
10-5 Rotational Dynamics; Torque and Rotational Inertia
10-6 Solving Problems in Rotational Dynamics
10-7 Determining Moments of Inertia
10-8 Rotational Kinetic Energy
10-9 Rotational Plus Translational Motion; Rolling
*10-10 Why Does a Rolling Sphere Slow Down?
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 11: ANGULAR MOMENTUM; GENERAL ROTATION
11-1 Angular Momentum-Object Rotating About a Fixed Axis
11-2 Vector Cross Product; Torque as a Vector
11-3 Angular Momentum of a Particle
11-4 Angular Momentum and Torque for a System of Particles; General Motion
11-5 Angular Momentum and Torque for a Rigid Object
11-6 Conservation of Angular Momentum
*11-7 The Spinning Top and Gyroscope
*11-8 Rotating Frames of Reference; Inertial Forces
*11-9 The Coriolis Effect
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 12: STATIC EQUILIBRIUM; ELASTICITY AND FRACTURE
12-1 The Conditions for Equilibrium
12-2 Solving Statics Problems
12-3 Stability and Balance
12-4 Elasticity; Stress and Strain
12-5 Fracture
*12-6 Trusses and Bridges
*12-7 Arches and Domes
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 13: FLUIDS
13-1 Phases of Matter
13-2 Density and Specific Gravity
13-3 Pressure in Fluids
13-4 Atmospheric Pressure and Gauge Pressure
13-5 Pascal's Principle
13-6 Measurement of Pressure; Gauges and the Barometer
13-7 Buoyancy and Archimedes' Principle
13-8 Fluids in Motion; Flow Rate and the Equation of Continuity
13-9 Bernoulli's Equation
13-10 Applications of Bernoulli's Principle: Torricelli, Airplanes, Baseballs, TIA
*13-11 Viscosity
*13-12 Flow in Tubes: Poiseuille's Equation, Blood Flow
*13-13 Surface Tension and Capillarity
*13-14 Pumps, and the Heart
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 14: OSCILLATIONS
14-1 Oscillations of a Spring
14-2 Simple Harmonic Motion
14-3 Energy in the Simple Harmonic Oscillator
14-4 Simple Harmonic Motion Related to Uniform Circular Motion
14-5 The Simple Pendulum
*14-6 The Physical Pendulum and the Torsion Pendulum
14-7 Damped Harmonic Motion
14-8 Forced Oscillations; Resonance
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 15: WAVE MOTION
15-1 Characteristics of Wave Motion
15-2 Types of Waves: Transverse and Longitudinal
15-3 Energy Transported by Waves
15-4 Mathematical Representation of a Traveling Wave
*15-5 The Wave Equation
15-6 The Principle of Superposition
15-7 Reflection and Transmission
15-8 Interference
15-9 Standing Waves; Resonance
*15-10 Refraction
*15-11 Diffraction
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 16: SOUND
16-1 Characteristics of Sound
16-2 Mathematical Representation of Longitudinal Waves
16-3 Intensity of Sound: Decibels
16-4 Sources of Sound: Vibrating Strings and Air Columns
*16-5 Quality of Sound, and Noise; Superposition
16-6 Interference of Sound Waves; Beats
16-7 Doppler Effect
*16-8 Shock Waves and the Sonic Boom
*16-9 Applications: Sonar, Ultrasound, and Medical Imaging
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 17: TEMPERATURE, THERMAL EXPANSION, AND THE IDEAL GAS LAW
17-1 Atomic Theory of Matter
17-2 Temperature and Thermometers
17-3 Thermal Equilibrium and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
17-4 Thermal Expansion
*17-5 Thermal Stresses
17-6 The Gas Laws and Absolute Temperature
17-7 The Ideal Gas Law
17-8 Problem Solving with the Ideal Gas Law
17-9 Ideal Gas Law in Terms of Molecules: Avogadro's Number
*17-10 Ideal Gas Temperature Scale-a Standard
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 18: KINETIC THEORY OF GASES
18-1 The Ideal Gas Law and the Molecular Interpretation of Temperature
18-2 Distribution of Molecular Speeds
18-3 Real Gases and Changes of Phase
18-4 Vapor Pressure and Humidity
*18-5 Van der Waals Equation of State
*18-6 Mean Free Path
*18-7 Diffusion
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 19: HEAT AND THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
19-1 Heat as Energy Transfer
19-2 Internal Energy
19-3 Specific Heat
19-4 Calorimetry-Solving Problems
19-5 Latent Heat
19-6 The First Law of Thermodynamics
19-7 Applying the First Law of Thermodynamics; Calculating the Work
19-8 Molar Specific Heats for Gases, and the Equipartition of Energy
19-9 Adiabatic Expansion of a Gas
19-10 Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection, Radiation
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 20: SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
20-1 The Second Law of Thermodynamics-Introduction
20-2 Heat Engines
20-3 Reversible and Irreversible Processes; the Carnot Engine
20-4 Refrigerators, Air Conditioners, and Heat Pumps
20-5 Entropy
20-6 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
20-7 Order to Disorder
20-8 Unavailability of Energy; Heat Death
*20-9 Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law
*20-10 Thermodynamic Temperature Scale; Absolute Zero and the Third Law of Thermodynamics
*20-11 Thermal Pollution, Global Warming, and Energy Resources
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
PART Two: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
CHAPTER 21: ELECTRIC CHARGE AND ELECTRIC FIELD
21-1 Static Electricity; Electric Charge and Its Conservation
21-2 Electric Charge in the Atom
21-3 Insulators and Conductors
21-4 Induced Charge; the Electroscope
21-5 Coulomb's Law
21-6 The Electric Field
21-7 Electric Field Calculations for Continuous Charge Distributions
21-8 Field Lines
21-9 Electric Fields and Conductors
21-10 Motion of a Charged Particle in an Electric Field
21-11 Electric Dipoles
*21-12 Electric Forces in Molecular Biology; DNA
*21-13 Photocopy Machines and Computer Printers Use Electrostatics
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 22: GAUSS'S LAW
22-1 Electric Flux
22-2 Gauss's Law
22-3 Applications of Gauss's Law
*22-4 Experimental Basis of Gauss's and Coulomb's Law
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 23: ELECTRIC POTENTIAL
23-1 Electric Potential Energy and Potential Difference
23-2 Relation between Electric Potential and Electric Field
23-3 Electric Potential Due to Point Charges
23-4 Potential Due to Any Charge Distribution
23-5 Equipotential Surfaces
23-6 Electric Dipole Potential
23-7 E Determined from V
23-8 Electrostatic Potential Energy; the Electron Volt
23-9 Cathode Ray Tube: TV and Computer Monitors, Oscilloscope
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 24: CAPACITANCE, DIELECTRICS, ELECTRIC ENERGY STORAGE
24-1 Capacitors
24-2 Determination of Capacitance
24-3 Capacitors in Series and Parallel
24-4 Electric Energy Storage
24-5 Dielectrics
*24-6 Molecular Description of Dielectrics
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 25: ELECTRIC CURRENTS AND RESISTANCE
25-1 The Electric Battery
25-2 Electric Current
25-3 Ohm's Law: Resistance and Resistors
25-4 Resistivity
25-5 Electric Power
25-6 Power in Household Circuits
25-7 Alternating Current
25-8 Microscopic View of Electric Current: Current Density and Drift Velocity
*25-9 Superconductivity
*25-10 Electrical Conduction in the Nervous System
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 26: DC CIRCUITS
26-1 EMF and Terminal Voltage
26-2 Resistors in Series and in Parallel
26-3 Kirchoff's Rules
26-4 EMFs in Series and in Parallel; Charging a Battery
26-5 Circuits Containing Resistor and Capacitor (RC Circuits)
26-6 Electric Hazards
*26-7 Ammeters and Voltmeters
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 27: MAGNETISM
27-1 Magnets and Magnetic Fields
27-2 Electric Currents Produce Magnetic Fields
27-3 Force on an Electric Current in a Magnetic Field; Definition of
27-4 Force on an Electric Charge Moving in a Magnetic Field
27-5 Torque on a Current Loop; Magnetic Dipole Moment
*27-6 Applications: Galvanometers, Motors, Loudspeakers
27-7 Discover and Properties of the Electron
*27-8 The Hall Effect
*27-9 Mass Spectrometer
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 28: SOURCES OF MAGNETIC FIELD
28-1 Magnetic Field Due to a Straight Wire
28-2 Force between Two Parallel Wires
28-3 Definitions of the Ampere and the Coulomb
28-4 Ampere's Law
28-5 Magnetic Field of a Solenoid and a Toroid
28-6 Biot-Savart Law
*28-7 Magnetic materials-Ferromagnetism
*28-8 Electromagnets and Solenoids-Applications
*28-9 Magnetic Fields in Magnetic Materials; Hysteresis
*28-10 Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 29: ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND FARADAY'S LAW
29-1 Induced EMF
29-2 Faraday's Law of Induction; Lenz's Law
29-3 EMF Induced in a Moving Conductor
29-4 Electric Generators
*29-5 Back EMF and Counter Torque; Eddy Currents
29-6 Transformers and Transmission of Power
29-7 A Changing Magnetic Flux Produces an Electric Field
*29-8 Applications of Induction: Sound Systems, Computer Memory, Seismograph, GFCI
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 30: INDUCTANCE, ELECTROMAGNETIC OSCILLATIONS,
AND AC CIRCUITS
30-1 Mutual Inductance
30-2 Self-Inductance
30-3 Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field
30-4 LR Circuits
30-5 LC Circuits and Electromagnetic Oscillations
30-6 LC Oscillations with Resistance (LRC Circuit)
30-7 AC Circuits with AC Source
30-8 LRC Series AC Circuit
30-9 Resonance in AC Circuits
*30-10 Impedance Matching
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 31: MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS AND ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
31-1 Changing Electric Fields Produce Magnetic Fields; Ampere's Law and Displacement Current
31-2 Gauss's Law for Magnetism
31-3 Maxwell's Equations
31-4 Production of Electromagnetic Waves
*31-5 Electromagnetic Waves, and Their Speed, from Maxwell's Equations
31-6 Light as an Electromagnetic Wave and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
31-7 Measuring the Speed of Light
31-8 Energy in EM Waves; the Poynting Vector
*31-9 Radiation Pressure
*31-10 Radio and Television; Wireless Communication
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 32: LIGHT: REFLECTION AND REFRACTION
32-1 The Ray Model of Light
32-2 The Speed of Light and Index of Refraction
32-3 Reflection; Image Formation by a Plane Mirror
32-4 Formation of Images by Spherical Mirrors
32-5 Refraction: Snell's Law
32-6 Visible Spectrum and Dispersion
32-7 Total Internal Reflection; Fiber Optics
*32-8 Refraction at a Spherical Surface
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 33: LENSES AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
33-1 Thin Lenses; Ray Tracing
33-2 The Thin Lens Equation; Magnification
33-3 Combinations of Lenses
33-4 Lensmaker's Equation
33-5 Cameras, Film and Digital
33-6 The Human Eye; Corrective Lenses
33-7 Magnifying Glass
33-8 Telescopes
*33-9 Compound Microscope
*33-10 Aberrations of Lenses and Mirrors
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 34: THE WAVE NATURE OF LIGHT; INTERFERENCE
34-1 Waves Versus Particles; Huygens' Principle and Diffraction
34-2 Huygens' Principle and the Law of Refraction
34-3 Interference-Young's Double-Slit Experiment
34-4 Intensity in the Double-Slit Interference Pattern
34-5 Interference in Thin Films
*34-6 Michelson Interferometer
*34-7 Luminous Intensity
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 35: DIFFRACTION AND POLARIZATION
35-1 Diffraction by a Single Slit or Disk
35-2 Intensity in Single-Slit Diffraction Pattern
35-3 Diffraction in the Double-Slit Experiment
35-4 Limits of Resolution; Circular Apertures
35-5 Resolution of Telescopes and Microscopes; the ? Limit
*35-6 Resolution of the Human Eye and Useful Magnification
35-7 Diffraction Grating
*35-8 The Spectrometer and Spectroscopy
*35-9 Peak Widths and Resolving Power for a Diffraction Grating
*35-10 X-Rays and X-Ray Diffraction
35-11 Polarization
*35-12 Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD)
*35-13 Scattering of Light by the Atmosphere
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
PART Three: MODERN PHYSICS
CHAPTER 36: SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY
36-1 Galilean-Newtonian Relativity
*36-2 The Michelson-Morley Experiment
36-3 Postulates of the Special Theory of Relativity
36-4 Simultaneity
36-5 Time Dilation and the Twin Paradox
36-6 Length Contraction
36-7 Four-Dimensional Space-Time
36-8 Galilean and Lorentz Transformations
36-9 Relativistic Momentum and Mass
36-10 The Ultimate Speed
36-11 Energy and Mass; E=mc2
36-12 Doppler Shift for Light
36-13 The Impact of Special Relativity
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 37: EARLY QUANTUM THEORY AND MODELS OF THE ATOM
37-1 Planck's Quantum Hypothesis
37-2 Photon Theory of Light and the Photoelectric Effect
37-3 Photons and the Compton Effect
37-4 Photon Interactions; Pair Production
37-5 Wave-Particle Duality; the Principle of Complementarity
37-6 Wave Nature of Matter
*37-7 Electron Microscopes
37-8 Early Models of the Atom
37-9 Atomic Spectra: Key to the Structure of the Atom
37-10 The Bohr Model
37-11 DeBroglie's Hypothesis Applied to Atoms
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 38: QUANTUM MECHANICS
38-1 Quantum Mechanics-A New Theory
38-2 The Wave Function and Its Interpretation; the Double-Slit Experiment
38-3 The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
38-4 Philosophic Implications; Probability Versus Determinism
38-5 The Schrodinger Equation in One Dimension-Time-Independent Form
*38-6 Time-Dependent Schrodinger Equation
38-7 Free Particles; Plane Waves and Wave Packets
38-8 Particle in an Infinitely Deep Square Well Potential (a Rigid Box)
*38-9 Finite Potential Well
38-10 Tunneling through a Barrier
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 39: QUANTUM MECHANICS OF ATOMS
39-1 Quantum-Mechanical View of Atoms
39-2 Hydrogen Atom: Schrodinger Equation and Quantum Numbers
39-3 Hydrogen Atom Wave Functions
39-4 Complex Atoms; the Exclusion Principle
39-5 The Periodic Table of Elements
39-6 X-Ray Spectra and Atomic Number
*39-7 Magnetic Dipole Moments; Total Angular Momentum
*39-8 Fluorescence and Phosphorescence
*39-9 Lasers
*39-10 Holography
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 40: MOLECULES AND SOLIDS
40-1 Bonding in Molecules
40-2 Potential-Energy Diagrams for Molecules
40-3 Weak (van der Waals) Bonds
40-4 Molecular Spectra
40-5 Bonding in Solids
40-6 Free-Electron Theory of Metals
40-7 Band Theory of Solids
40-8 Semiconductors and Doping
*40-9 Semiconductor Diodes
*40-10 Transistors and Integrated Circuits
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 41: NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIOACTIVITY
41-1 Structure and Properties of the Nucleus
41-2 Binding Energy and Nuclear Forces
41-3 Radioactivity
41-4 Alpha Decay
41-5 Beta Decay
41-6 Gamma Decay
41-7 Conservation of Nucleon Number and Other Conservation Laws
41-8 Half-Life and Rate of Decay
41-9 Decay Series
41-10 Radioactive Dating
41-11 Detection of Radiation
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 42: NUCLEAR ENERGY: EFFECTS AND USES OF RADIATION
42-1 Nuclear Reactions and the Transmutations of Elements
42-2 Cross Section
42-3 Nuclear Fission; Nuclear Reactors
42-4 Fusion
42-5 Passage of radiation through matter; Radiation Damage
42-6 Measurement of Radiation-Dosimetry
*42-7 Radiation Therapy
*42-8 Tracers
*42-9 Imaging by Tomography: CAT Scans, and Emission Tomography
*42-10 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 43: ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
43-1 High-Energy Particles
43-2 Particle Accelerators and Detectors
43-3 Beginnings of Elementary Particle Physics-Particle Exchange
43-4 Particles and Antiparticles
43-5 Particle Interactions and Conservation Laws
43-6 Particle Classification
43-7 Particle Stability and Resonances
43-8 Strange Particles
43-9 Quarks
43-10 The "Standard Model": Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) and the Electroweak Theory
43-11 Grand Unified Theories
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 44: ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY
44-1 Stars and Galaxies
44-2 Stellar Evolution; the Birth and Death of Stars
44-3 General Relativity: Gravity and the Curvature of Space
44-4 The Expanding Universe
44-5 The Big Bang and the Cosmic Microwave Background
44-6 The Standard Cosmological Model: Early History of the Universe
44-7 The Future of the Universe?
SUMMARY
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS
GENERAL PROBLEMS
APPENDICES
A
B
C
D
E
F
HINTS AND BRIEF RESPONSES TO ODD-NUMBERED QUESTIONS
ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED PROBLEMS
INDEX
PHOTO CREDITS