Physics: A General Course: Mechanics, Molecular Physics

Front Cover
Title Page
PREFACE
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
PART I THE PHYSICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF MECHANICS
1 KINEMATICS
1.1. Mechanical Motion
1.2. Vectors
1.3. Velocity and Speed
1.4. Acceleration
1.5. Circular Motion
2 DYNAMICS OF A POINT PARTICLE
2.1. Classical Mechanics. Range of Its Applicability
2.2. Newton's First Law. Inertial Reference Frames
2.3. Mass and Momentum of a Body
2.4. Newton's Second Law
2.5. Units and Dimensions of Physical Quantities
2.6. Newton's Third Law
2.7. Galileo's Relativity Principle
2.8. Forces
2.9. Elastic Forces
2.10. Friction Forces
2.11. Force of Gravity and Weight
2.12. Practical Application of Newton's Laws
3 LAWS OF CONSERVATION
3.1. Quantities Obeying the Laws of Conservation
3.2. Kinetic Energy
3.3. Work
3.4. Conservative Forces
3.5. Potential Energy in an External Force Field
3.6. Potential Energy of Interaction
3.7. Law of Conservation of Energy
3.8. Energy of Elastic Deformation
3.9. Equilibrium Conditions of a Mechanical System
3.10. Law of Momentum Conservation
3.11. Collision of Two Bodies
3.12. Law of Angular Momentum Conservation
3.13. Motion in a Central Force Field
3.14. Two-Body Problem
4 NON-INERTIAL REFERENCE FRAMES
4.1. Forces of Inertia
4.2. Centrifugal Force of Inertia
4.3. Coriolis Force
4.4. Laws of Conservation in Non-Inertial Reference Frames
5 MECHANICS OF A RIGID BODY
5.1. Motion of a Body
5.2. Motion of the Centre of Mass of a Body
5.3. Rotation of a Body about a Fixed Axis
5.4. Moment of Inertia
5.5. Concept of Inertia Tensor
5.6. Kinetic Energy of a Rotating Body
5. 7. Kinetic Energy of a Body in Plane Motion
5.8. Application of the Laws of Dynamics of a Body
5.9. Gyroscopes
6 UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION
6.1. Law of Universal Gravitation
6.2. Gravitational Field
6.3. The Equivalence Principle
6.4. Orbital and Escape Velocities
7 OSCILLATORY MOTION
7.1. General
7.2. Small-Amplitude Oscillations
7.3. Complex Numbers
7 .4. Linear Differential Equations
7.5. Harmonic Oscillations
7.6. The Pendulum
7.7. Vector Diagram
7.8. Beats
7.9. Addition of Mutually Perpendicular Oscillations
7.10. Damped Oscillations
7.11. Auto-Oscillations
7.12. Forced Oscillations
7.13. Parametric Resonance
8 RELATIVISTIC MECHANICS
8.1. The Special Theory of Relativity
8.2. Lorentz Transformations
8.3. Corollaries of the Lorentz Transformations
8.4. Interval
8.5. Transformation and Addition Of Velocities
8.6. Relativistic Expression for the Momentum
8.7. Relativistic Expression for the Energy
8.8. Transformations of Momentum and Energy
8.9. Relation Between Mass and Energy
8.10. Particles with a Zero Rest Mass
9 HYDRODYNAMICS
9.1. Streamlines and Flow Tubes. Flow Continuity
9.2. Bernoulli's Equation
9.3. Flow of a Liquid from a Hole
9.4. Forces of Internal Friction
9.5. Laminar and Turbulent Flows
9.6. Flow of a Liquid in a Round Pipe
PART II MOLECULAR PHYSICS AND THERMODYNAMICS
10 GENERAL INFORMATION
10.1. Statistical Physics and Thermodynamicss
10.2. Mass and Size of Molecules
10.3. State of a System. Process
10.4. Internal Energy of a System
10.5. The First Law of Thermodynamics
10.6. Work Done by a Body upon Changes in Volume
10.7. Temperature
10.8. Equation of State of an Ideal Gas
10.9. Internal Energy and Heat Capacity of an Ideal Gas
10.10. Equation of Adiabat of an Ideal Gas
10.11. Polytropic Processes
10.12. Work of an Ideal Gas in Different Processes
10.13. Van der Waals Gas
10.14. The Barometric Formula
11 STATISTICAL PHYSICS
11.1. Information from the Theory of Probability
11.2. Nature of the Thermal Motion of Molecules
11.3. Number of Collisions of Molecules with a Wall
11.4. Pressure of a Gas on a Wall
11.5. Mean Energy of Molecules
11.6. The Maxwell Distribution
11.7. Experimental Verification of the Maxwell Distribution Law
11.8. The Boltzmann Distribution
11.9. Determination of the Avogadro Constant by Perin
11.10. Macro- and Microstates. Statistical Weight
11.11. Entropy
12 THERMODYNAMICS
12.1. Fundamental Laws
12.2. The Carnot Cycle
12.3. The Thermodynamic Temperature Scale
12.4. Examples of Calculating the Entropy
12.5. Some Applications of Entropy
12.6. Thermodynamic Potentials
13 THE CRYSTALLINE STATE
13.1. Features of the Crystalline State
13.2. Classification of Crystals
13.3. Physical Kinds of Crystal Lattices
13.4. Defects in Crystals
13.5. Heat Capacity of Crystals
14 THE LIQUID STATE
14.1. The Structure of Liquids
14.2. Surface Tension
14.3. Pressure under a Curved Liquid Surface
14.4. Phenomena on Liquid-Solid Interface
14.5. Capillary Phenomena
15 PHASE EQUILlBRIA AND TRANSITIONS
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Evaporation and Condensation
15.3. Equilibrium Between a Liquid and Its Saturated Vapour
15.4. The Critical State
15.5. Supersaturated Vapour and Superheated Liquid
15.6. Melting and Crystallization
15.7. The Clapeyron-Clausius Equation
15.8. Triple Point. Phase Diagram
16 PHYSICAL KINETICS
16.1. Transport Phenomena
16.2. Mean Free Path
16.3. Diffusion in Gases
16.4. Thermal Conductivity of Gases
16.5. Viscosity of Gases
16.6. Ultrararefied Gases
APPENDICES
A.1. List of Symbols
A.2. Calculation of Selected Integrals
A.3. The Stirling Formula
NAME INDEX
SUBJECT INDEX