Physics: A General Course: Mechanics, Molecular Physics

Preface
Introduction
I THE PHYSICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF MECHANICS
KINEMATICS
Mechanical motion
Vectors
Velocity and Speed
Acceleration
Circular Motion
DYNAMICS OF A POINT PARTICLE
Classical Mechanics. Range of Its Applicability
Newton's First Law. Inertial Reference Frames
Mass and Momentum of a Body
Newton's Second Law
Units and Dimensions of Physical Quantities
Newton's Third Law
Galileo's Relativity Principle
Forces
Elastic Forces
Friction Forces
Force of Gravity and Weight
Practical Application of Newton's Laws
LAWS OF CONSERVATION
Quantities Obeying the Laws of Conservation
Kinetic Energy
Work
Conservative Forces
Potential Energy in an External Force Field
Potential Energy of Interaction
Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy of Elastic Deformation
Equilibrium Conditions of a Mechanical System
Law of Momentum Conservation
Collision of Two Bodies
Law of Angular Momentum Conservation
Motion in a Central Force Field
Two-Body Problem
NON-INERTIAL REFERENCE FRAMES
Forces of Inertia
Centrifugal Force of Inertia
Coriolis Force
Laws of Conservation in Non-Inertial Reference Frames
MECHANICS OF A RIGID BODY
Motion of a Body
Motion of the Centre of Mass of a Body
Rotation of a Body about a Fixed Axis
Moment of Inertia
Concept of Inertia Tensor
Kinetic Energy of a Rotating Body
Kinetic Energy of a Body in Plane Motion
Application of the Laws of Dynamics of a Body
Gyroscopes
UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION
Law of Universal Gravitation
Gravitational Field
The Equivalence Principle
Orbital and Escape Velocities
OSCILLATORY MOTION
General
Small-Amplitude Oscillations
Complex Numbers
Linear Differential Equations
Harmonic Oscillations
The Pendulum
Vector Diagram
Beats
Addition of Mutually Perpendicular Oscillations
Damped Oscillations
Auto-Oscillations
Forced Oscillations
Parametric Resonance
RELATIVISTIC MECHANICS
The Special Theory of Relativity
Lorentz Transformations
Corollaries of the Lorentz Transformations
Interval
Transformation and Addition of Velocities
Relativistic Expression for the Momentum
Relativistic Expression for the Energy
Transformations of Momentum and Energy
Relation Between Mass and Energy
Particles with a Zero Rest Mass
HYDRODYNAMICS
Streamlines and Flow Tubes. Flow Continuity
Bernoulli's Equation
Flow of a Liquid from a Hole
Forces of Internal Friction
Laminar and Turbulent Flows
Flow of a Liquid in a Round Pipe
Motion of Bodies in Fluids
II MOLECULAR PHYSICS AND THERMODYNAMICS
GENERAL INFORMATION
Statistical Physics and Thermodynamics
Mass and Size of Molecules
State of a System. Process
Internal Energy of a System
The First Law of Thermodynamics
Work Done by a Body upon Changes in Volume
Temperature
Equation of State of an Ideal Gas
Internal Energy and Heat Capacity of an Ideal Gas
Equation of Adiabat of an Ideal Gas
Polytropic Processes
Work of an Ideal Gas in Different Processes
Van der Waals Gas
The Barometric Formula
STATISTICAL PHYSICS
Information from the Theory of Probability
Nature of the Thermal Motion of Molecules
Number of Collisions of Molecules with a Wall
Pressure of a Gas on a Wall
Mean Energy of Molecules
The Maxwell Distribution
Experimental Verification of the Maxwell Distribution Law
The Boltzmann Distribution
Determination of the Avogadro Constant by Perrin
Macro- and Microstates. Statistical Weight
Entropy
THERMODYNAMICS
Fundamental Laws
The Carnot Cycle
The Thermodynamic Temperature Scale
Examples of Calculating the Entropy
Some Applications of Entropy
Thermodynamic Potentials
THE CRYSTALLINE STATE
Features of the Crystalline State
Classification of Crystals
Physical Kinds of Crystal Lattices
Defect in Crystals
Heat Capacity of Crystals
THE LIQUID STATE
The Structure of Liquids
Surface Tension
Pressure under a Curved Liquid Surface
Phenomena on Liquid-Solid Interface
Capillary Phenomena
PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND TRANSITIONS
Introduction
Evaporation and Condensation
Equilibrium Between a Liquid and Its Saturated Vapour
The Critical State
Supersaturated Vapour and Superheated Liquid
Melting and Crystallization
The Clapeyron-Clausius Equation
Triple Point. Phase Diagram
PHYSICAL KINETICS
Transport Phenomena
Mean Free Path
Diffusion in Gases
Thermal Conductivity of Gases
Viscosity of Gases
Ultrararefied Gases
APPENDICES
List of Symbols
Calculation of Selected Integrals
The Stirling Formula