Physics: A General Course: Electricity & Magnetism, Waves, Optics

Preface
I ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
ELECTRIC FIELD IN A VACUUM
Electric Charge
Coulomb's Law
Systems of Units
Rationalized Form of Writing Formulas
Electric Field. Field Strength
Potential
Interaction Energy of a System of Charges
Relation Between Electric Field Strength and Potential
Dipole
Field of a System of Charges at Great Distances
A Description of the Properties of Vector Fields
Circulation and Curl of an Electrostatic Field
Gauss's Theorem
Calculating Fields with the Aid of Gauss's Theorem
ELECTRIC FIELD IN DIELECTRICS
Polar and Non-Polar Molecules
Polarization of Dielectrics
The Field Inside a Dielectric
Space and Surface Bound Charges
Electric Displacement Vector
Examples of Calculating the Field in Dielectrics
Conditions on the Interface Between Two Dielectrics
Forces Acting on a Charge in a Dielectric
Ferroelectrics
CONDUCTORS IN AN ELECTRIC FIELD
Equilibrium of Charges on a Conductor
A Conductor in an External Electric Field
Capacitance
Capacitors
ENERGY OF AN ELECTRIC FIELD
Energy of a Charged Conductor
Energy of a Charged Capacitor
Energy of an Electric Field
STEADY ELECTRIC CURRENT
Electric Current
Continuity Equation
Electromotive Force
Ohm's Law. Resistance of Conductors
Ohm's Law for an Inhomogeneous Circuit Section
Multiloop Circuits. Kirchhoff's Rules
Power of a Current
The Joule-Lenz Law
MAGNETIC FIELD IN A VACUUM
Interaction of Currents
Magnetic Field
Field of a Moving Charge
The Biot-Savart Law
The Lorentz Force
Ampere's Law
Magnetism as a Relativistic Effect
Current Loop in a Magnetic Field
Magnetic Field of a Current Loop
Work Done When a Current Moves in a Magnetic Field
Divergence and Curl of a Magnetic Field
Field of a Solenoid and Toroid
MAGNETIC FIELD IN A SUBSTANCE
Magnetization of a Magnetic
Magnetic Field Strength
Calculation of the Field in Magnetics
Conditions at the Interface of Two Magnetics
Kinds of Magnetics
Gyromagnetic Phenomena
Diamagnetism
Paramagnetism
Ferromagnetism
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
The Phenomenon of Electromagnetic Induction
Induced E.M.F.
Ways of Measuring the Magnetic Induction
Eddy Currents
Self-Induction
Current When a Circuit Is Opened or Closed
Mutual Induction
Energy of a Magnetic Field
Work in Magnetic Reversal of a Ferromagnetic
MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS
Vortex Electric Field
Displacement Current
Maxwell's Equations
MOTION OF CHARGED PARTICLES IN ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS
Motion of a Charged Particle in a Homogeneous Magnetic Field
Deflection of Moving Charged Particles by an Electric and a Magnetic Field
Determination of the Charge and Mass of an Electron
Determination of the Specific Charge of Ions. Mass Spectrographs
Charged Particle Accelerators
THE CLASSICAL THEORY OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTANCE OF METALS
The Nature of Current Carriers in Metals
The Elementary Classical Theory of Metals
The Hall Effect
ELECTRIC CURRENT IN GASES
Semi-Self-Sustained and Self-Sustained Conduction
Semi-Self-Sustained Gas Discharge
Ionization Chambers and Counters
Processes Leading to the Appearance of Current Carriers
Gas-Discharge Plasma
Glow Discharge
Arc Discharge
Spark and Corona Discharges
ELECTRICAL OSCILLATIONS
Quasistationary Currents
Free Oscillations in a Circuit Without a Resistance
Free Damped Oscillations
Forced Electrical Oscillations
Alternating Current
II WAVES
ELASTIC WAVES
Propagation of Waves in an Elastic Medium
Equations of a Plane and a Spherical Wave
Equation of a Plane Wave Propagating in an Arbitrary Direction
The Wave Equation
Velocity of Elastic Waves in a Solid Medium
Energy of an Elastic Wave
Standing Waves
Oscillations of a String
Sound
The Velocity of Sound in Gases
The Doppler Effect for Sound Waves
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
The Wave Equation for an Electromagnetic Field
Plane Electromagnetic Wave
Experimental Investigation of Electromagnetic Waves
Energy of Electromagnetic Waves
Momentum of Electromagnetic Field
Dipole Emission
III OPTICS
OPTICS
The Light Wave
Representation of Harmonic Functions Using Exponents
Reflection and Refraction of a Plane Wave at the Interface Between Two Dielectrics
Luminous Flux
Photometric Quantities and Units
Geometrical Optics
Centered Optical System
Thin Lenses
Huygens' Principle
INTERFERENCE OF LIGHT
Interference of Light Waves
Coherence
Ways of Observing the Interference of Light
Interference of Light Reflected from Thin Plates
The Michelson Interferometer
Multibeam Interference
DIFFRACTION OF LIGHT
Introduction
Huygens-Fresnel Principle
Fresnel Zones
Fresnel Diffraction from Simple Barriers
Fraunhofer Diffraction from a Slit
Diffraction Grating
Diffraction of X-Rays
Resolving Power of an Objective
Holography
POLARIZATION OF LIGHT
Natural and Polarized Light
Polarization in Reflection and Refraction
Polarization in Double Refraction
Interference of Polarized Rays
Passing of Plane-Polarized Light Through a Crystal Plate
A Crystal Plate Between Two Polarizers
Artificial Double Refraction
Rotation of Polarization Plane
INTERACTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES WITH A SUBSTANCE
Dispersion of Light
Group Velocity
Elementary Theory of Dispersion
Absorption of Light
Scattering of Light
The Vavilov-Cerenkov Effect
MOVING-MEDIA OPTICS
The Speed of Light
Fizeau's Experiment
Michelson's Experiment
The Doppler Effect
APPENDICES
List of Symbols
Units of Electrical and Magnetic Quantities
Basic Formulas of Electricity and Magnetism