Physics: A General Course: Electricity & Magnetism, Waves, Optics

Front Cover
Title Page
PREFACE
CONTENTS
PART I ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
1 ELECTRIC FIELD IN A VACUUM
1.1. Electric Charge
1.2. Coulomb's Law
1.3. Systems of Units
1.4. Rationalized Form of Writing Formulas
1.5. Electric Field. Field Strength
1.6. Potential
1.7. Interaction Energy of a System of Charges
1.8. Relation Between Electric Field Strength and Potential
1.9. Dipole
1.10. Field of a System of Charges at Great Distances
1.11. A Description of the Properties of Vector Fields
1.12. Circulation and Curl of an Electrostatic Field
1.13. Gauss's Theorem
1.14. Calculating Fields with the Aid of Gauss's Theorem
2 ELECTRIC FIELD ELECTRIC FIELD
2.1. Polar and Non-Polar Molecules
2.2. Polarization of Dielectrics
2.3. The Field Inside a Dielectric
2.4. Space and Surface Bound Charges
2.5. Electric Displacement Vector
2.6. Examples of Calculating the Field in Dielectrics
2.7. Conditions on the Interface Between Two Dielectrics
2.8. Forces Acting on a Charge in a Dielectric
2.9. Ferroelectrics
3 CONDUCTORS IN AN ELECTRIC FIELD
3.1. Equilibrium of Charges on a Conductor
3.2. A Conductor in an External Electric Field
3.3. Capacitance
3.4. Capacitors
4 ENERGY OF AN ELECTRIC FIELD
4.1. Energy of a Charged Conductor
4.2. Energy of a Charged Capacitor
4.3. Energy of an Electric Field
5 STEADY ELECTRIC CURRENT
5.1. Electric Current
5.2. Continuity Equation
5.3. Electromotive Force
5.4. Ohm's Law. Resistance of Conductors
5.5. Ohm's Law for an Inhomogeneous Circuit Section
5.6. Multiloop Circuits. Kirchhoff's Rules
5.7. Power of a Current
5.8. The Joule-Lenz Law
6 MAGNETIC FIELD IN A VACUUM
6.1. Interaction of Currents
6.2. Magnetic Field
6.3. Field of a Moving Charge
6.4. The Biot-Savart Law
6.5. The Lorentz Force
6.6. Ampere's Law
6.7. Magnetism as a Relativistic Effect
6.8. Current Loop in a Magnetic Field
6.9. Magnetic Field of a Current Loop
6.10. Work Done When a Current Moves in a Magnetic Field
6.11. Divergence and Curl of a Magnetic Field
6.12. Field of a Solenoid and Toroid
7 MAGNETIC FIELD IN A SUBSTANCE
7.1. Magnetization of a Magnetic
7.2. Magnetic Field Strength
7.3. Calculation of the Field in Magnetics
7.4. Conditions at the Interface of Two Magnetics
7.5. Kinds of Magnetics
7.6. Gyromagnetic Phenomena
7.7. Diamagnetism
7.8. Paramagnetism
7.9. Ferromagnetism
8 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
8.1. The Phenomenon of Electromagnetic Induction
8.2. Induced E.M.F.
8.3. Ways of Measuring the Magnetic Induction
8.4. Eddy Currents
8.5. Self-Induction
8.6. Current When a Circuit Is Opened or Closed
8.7. Mutual Induction
8.8. Energy of a Magnetic Field
8.9. Work in Magnetic Reversal of a Ferromagnetic
9 MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS
9.1. Vortex Electric Field
9.2. Displacement Current
9.3. Maxwell's Equations
10 MOTION OF CHARGED PARTICLES IN ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS
10.1. Motion of a Charged Particle in a Homogeneous Magnetic Field
10.2. Deflection of Moving Charged Particles by an Electric and a Magnetic Field
10.3. Determination of the Charge and Mass of an Electron
10.4. Determination of the Specific Charge of Ions. Mass Spectrographs
10.5. Charged Particle Accelerators
11 THE CLASSICAL THEORY OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTANCE OF METALS
11.1. The Nature of Current Carriers in Metals
11.2. The Elementary Classical Theory of Metals
11.3. The Hall Effect
12 ELECTRIC CURRENT IN GASES
12.1. Semi-Self-Sustained and Self-Sustained Conduction
12.2. Semi-Self-Sustained Gas Discharge
12.3. Ionization Chambers and Counters
12.4. Processes Leading to the Appearance of Current Carriers in a Self-Sustained Discharge
12.5. Gas-Discharge Plasma
12.6. Glow Discharge
12.7. Arc Discharge
12.8. Spark and Corona Discharges
13 ELECTRICAL OSCILLATIONS
13.1. Quasistationary Currents
13.2. Free Oscillations in a Circuit Without a Resistance
13.3. Free Damped Oscillations
13.4. Forced Electrical Oscillations
13.5. Alternating Current
PART II WAVES
14 ELASTIC WAVES
14.1. Propagation of Waves in an Elastic Medium
14.2. Equations of a Plane and a Spherical Wave
14.3. Equation of a Plane Wave Propagating in an Arbitrary Direction
14.4. The Wave Equation
14.5. Velocity of Elastic Waves in a Solid Medium
14.6. Energy of an Elastic Wave
14.7. Standing Waves
14.8. Oscillations of a String
14.9. Sound
14.10. The Velocity of Sound in Gases
14.11. The Doppler Effect for Sound Waves
15 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
15.1. The Wave Equation for an Electromagnetic Field
15.2. Plane Electromagnetic Wave
15.3. Experimental Investigation of Electromagnetic Waves
15.4. Energy of Electromagnetic Waves
15.5. Momentum of Electromagnetic Field
15.6. Dipole Emission
PART III OPTICS
16 GENERAL
16.1. The Light Wave
16.2. Representation of Harmonic Functions Using Exponents
16.3. Reflection and Refraction of a Plane Wave at the Interface Between Two Dielectrics
16.4. Luminous Flux
16.5. Photometric Quantities and Units
16.6. Geometrical Optics
16.7. Centered Optical System
16.8. Thin Lens
16.9. Huygens' Principle
17 INTERFERENCE OF LIGHT
17.1. Interference of Light Waves
17.2. Coherence
17.3. Ways of Observing the Interference of Light
17.4. Interference of Light Reflected from Thin Plates
17.5. The Michelson Interferometer
17.6. Multibeam Interference
18 DIFFRACTION OF LIGHT
18.1. Introduction
18.2. Huygens-Fresnel Principle
18.3. Fresnel Zones
18.4. Fresnel Diffraction from Simple Barriers
18.5. Fraunhofer Diffraction from a Slit
18.6. Diffraction Grating
18.7. Diffraction of X-Rays
18.8. Resolving Power of an Objective
18.9. Holography
19 POLARIZATION OF LIGHT
19.1. Natural and Polarized Light
19.2. Polarization in Refiection and Refraction
19.3. Polarization in Double Refraction
19.4. Interference of Polarized Rays
19.5. Passing of Plane-Polarized Light Through a Crystal Plate
19.6. A Crystal Plate Between Two Polarizers
19.7. Artificial Double Refraction
19.8. Rotation of Polarization Plane
20 INTERACTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES WITH A SUBSTANCE
20.1. Dispersion of Light
20.2. Group Velocity
20.3. Elementary Theory of Dispersion
20.4. Absorption of Light
20.5. Scattering of Light
20.6. The Vavilov-Cerenkov Effect
21 MOVING-MEDIA OPTICS
21.1. The Speed of Light
21.2. Fizeau's Experiment
21.3. Michelson's Experiment
21.4. The Doppler Effect
APPENDICES
A.1. List of Symbols
A.2. Units of Electrical and Magnetic Quantities in the International System (SI) and in the. Gaussian System
A.3. Basic Formulas of Electricity and Magnetism in the SI and in the Gaussian System
NAME INDEX
SUBJECT INDEX