Physical Activity and Bariatric Surgery

Preface
Contents
Part I: Preoperatory
Chapter 1: Relationship of Sedentary Lifestyle with Obesity and Comorbidities
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Definition of Obesity
1.3 Epidemiology of Obesity
1.4 Obesity in the Childhood
1.4.1 Specific Metabolic Diseases
1.5 Obesity and Sedentary Lifestyle
1.6 Sedentary Lifestyles and Culture
1.7 Cognitive Function Associated to Obesity and Sedentary Life
1.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Types of Physical Activity
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Physical Activity and Health
2.3 Classification of Types of Exercise
References
Chapter 3: Level of Physical Activity in the Morbidly Obese Patient
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Intensity
3.3 Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness
3.4 Influence of Sleep Quality on Adaptations
3.5 Motivation, Barriers and Training Preferences
3.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4: Physical Activity and Body Composition
4.1 Introduction
4.2 How to Measure Body Composition?
4.2.1 Skin Fold Thickness and Circumferences
4.2.2 Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
4.2.3 Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
4.2.4 Other
4.3 Obesity and Sarcopenia
4.4 Body Composition in Bariatric Surgery
References
Chapter 5: Preoperative Physical Activity and Nutrition
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Initial Evaluation
5.3 Deficiencies
5.4 Barriers
5.5 Pre-surgical Mental Health Assessment
5.6 Pre-surgical Nutritional Management
5.7 Advices
References
Chapter 6: Benefit of Physical Activity before Surgery: Improvement of Comorbidities and Reduction of Operative Risk
6.1 Operative Complications of Bariatric Surgery
6.2 Bariatric Surgery Complications-Related Factors
6.2.1 Obesity-Related Comorbidities
6.2.2 Physical Fitness
6.2.2.1 Body Composition
6.2.2.2 Cardiorespiratory Fitness
6.2.2.3 Muscular Strength and Functional Capacity
6.3 Surgical Stress
6.3.1 Surgical Stress and Physical Fitness
6.4 Baseline Characteristics of Bariatric Patients
6.5 Physical Prehabilitation
6.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 7: Preoperative Physical Activity Programs
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Endurance-Based Physical Activity Programs
7.3 Resistance-Based Physical Activity Programs
7.4 Physical Activity Programs Based on Concurrent Training
7.5 Tips for Training with Bariatric Surgery Candidates
References
Part II: Postoperative
Chapter 8: Postoperative Physical Activity in the Bariatric Surgery Patient
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Advices Before Starting a Physical Activity Program After Bariatric Surgery
8.3 Clinical and Physical Postoperative Evaluations
8.3.1 Anthropometric Variables
8.3.2 Blood Pressure
8.3.3 Battery of Physical Fitness Tests
8.4 Model of Postoperative Physical Activity Program
8.4.1 Warm-Up Phase
8.4.2 Strength Exercises
8.4.3 Endurance Training
8.4.4 Hydration Phase
8.4.5 Cooldown Phase
8.4.6 Follow-Up
8.5 Physical Activity Planning After Bariatric Surgery
8.5.1 Physical Activity During the First Month [6]
8.5.2 Physical Activity from the Second to the Sixth Month
8.5.3 Physical Activity from the Sixth Month
8.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9: Postoperative Physical Activity and Nutrition
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Nutrition
9.2.1 Nutritional Modifications for GI Symptoms: Dumping Syndrome, Flatulence, Diarrhea
9.2.2 Long Life Supplementation (Micronutrients/Vitamins)
9.3 Physical Activity
References
Chapter 10: When to Start Postoperative Physical Activity?
10.1 Introduction
10.2 ERAS Protocols on Physical Activity in Bariatric Surgery Patients
10.3 When to Start Physical Activity Programs?
10.4 Risk of Early Start of Physical Activity
10.5 Summary
References
Chapter 11: Physical Activity and Abdominal Wall Complications (Hernias)
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Physiopathology of Incisional Wall Hernias
11.3 Abdominal Wall Hernias After Bariatric Surgical Procedures: Incidence and Epidemiology
11.4 Risk Factors for the Development of Abdominal Wall Hernia in Obese Patients
11.5 Physical Activity and Abdominal Wall Hernias After Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery
11.6 Obese Patients with Ventral Hernia Before Bariatric Surgery. When Is the Best Moment for Surgical Repair?
11.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12: Effect of Physical Activity After Bariatric Surgery on Weight Loss and Improvement of Comorbidities in the Short and Long Term
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Recent Evidence Related to Physical Activity After Bariatric Surgery
12.3 Conclusions
References
Chapter 13: Physical Activity and Alterations of Bone Metabolism and Sarcopenia
13.1 Sarcopenia: Advancing a Context-Based Definition
13.2 Osteosarcopenia: Deepening the Muscle–Bone Relationship
13.3 Physical Exercise as an Integral Intervention
References
Chapter 14: Types of Recommended Physical Activity
14.1 Introduction to the Management of the Patient with Severe Obesity
14.2 Functional Limitation for Clinical Exercise in the Obese Patient
14.3 Recommendations of Physical Exercise for the Post-Bariatric Patient
14.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 15: Implementation of Controlled Physical Activity Programs
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Profile of Bariatric Patient
15.3 Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery: Its Benefits and Effects
15.4 The Importance of a Supervised Training Program After Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery
15.5 Components and Implementation of a Controlled Program
15.5.1 Professional in Charge of the Controlled Exercise Program
15.5.2 When to Start a Controlled Exercise Program?
15.5.3 Duration of the Controlled Exercise Program
15.5.4 Assessment
15.5.5 Exercise Prescription
15.5.5.1 Phase 1: Neuromuscular Adaptation
15.5.5.2 Phase 2: Hypertrophy
15.5.5.3 Phase 3: Muscle Power
15.5.5.4 Phase 4: Energy Expenditure
15.6 Follow-Up as Part of a Supervised Program
References
Untitled
Chapter 16: Physical Activity Within ERAS
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Postoperative Early Mobilization Within ERAS Protocols
16.3 Recommendations of Physical Activity for the Long-Term Follow Up Within ERAS Protocols
16.4 Physical Prehabilitation
References