Phygital Intelligence: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023)

Preface
Organization
Contents
Computation and Formation
Deep Mining Authorship
1 Introduction—An Ontology of Authorship
2 Debate—Authorship, Authority and Language
3 What is Authorship in the Age of AI?
4 Conclusion: The Future of Authorship
References
Diffusion Probabilistic Model Assisted 3D Form Finding and Design Latent Space Exploration: A Case Study for Taihu Stone Spacial Transformation
1 Introduction
1.1 Traditional Cultural Imagery Transformation in Modern Chinese Architecture
1.2 Diffusion Probabilistic Models
2 Related Works: Form Finding and AI Creativity
3 Method
3.1 The Back-End
3.2 The Front-End
4 Discussions
References
Text Semantics to Image Generation: A Method of Building Facades Design Base on Stable Diffusion Model
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Network Architecture
2.2 LoRA and ControlNet
2.3 Training Process
3 Results
3.1 Generation with Different Style Semantic Base on LoRA
3.2 Generation of Different Control Model Base on ControlNet
3.3 Final Generation Experiments
4 Conclusion and Discussion
References
Research on Image-to-Image Generation and Optimization Methods Based on Diffusion Model Compared with Traditional Methods: Taking Façade as the Optimization Object
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Introduction to Diffusion Training Methods
3 Experiments
3.1 Comparison of Façades Generated by Pix2Pix and Latent Diffusion Model
3.2 Comparison of Images Generated by Different Prompts
3.3 Comparison of Images Generated by Sampling Method, Sampling Steps, Classifier Free Guidance Scale, Img-to-Img Redraw Amplitude
3.4 Comparison of Images Generated by the Training Methods: Textual Inversion, Hypernetwork, DreamBooth, LoRA
3.5 Using Loopback Method to Optimize Images
3.6 Using ControlNet to Guide the Façade Generation Process
4 Conclusion and Discussion
References
Feedback-Based Design Method for Spatially-Informed and Structurally-Performative Column Placement in Multi-Story Construction
1 Introduction
1.1 Integration in Multi-story Construction
1.2 Computational Design for Integration
2 Research Aim and Scope
3 Relevant Work
4 Methodology
4.1 Input Variables
4.2 Algorithms, Solvers, and Outputs
4.3 Testing Setup
5 Results
6 Discussions and Outlook
References
On the Development of Timber Structures Based on 3D Interactive Vector-Based Graphic Statics (VGS)
1 Context and Scope
1.1 The Design of Structures as a Multi-factorial Problem
1.2 Graphic Statics and the Design of Structures
1.3 Timber as a Construction Material for the Present and the Future
2 Theoretical Framework
2.1 Theory of Plasticity
2.2 Lower Bound Theorem
2.3 Plastic Design and STM Approaches
2.4 Characterisation and Applicability of STM for Timber
3 Research by Design—A Case Study
3.1 Research-By-Design
3.2 Research Objectives
3.3 Results
4 Discussions and Future Work
References
An Exploration on the Form Design of Movable Structures Based on Uniform Convex Polyhedral Expansion
1 Introduction
2 Previous Study
3 Types of Expansion
4 Study on Uniform Convex Polyhedral Expansion
4.1 Expandable Uniform Convex Polyhedra
4.2 Unexpandable Uniform Convex Polyhedra and Their Solutions
4.3 Architectural Applications of Expandable Uniform Convex Polyhedra
5 Conclusions
References
Biomimetic Form-Finding Study of Bone Needle Microstructure Based on Sponge Regeneration Behavior
1 Introduction
2 Method
2.1 Monolithic Composition
2.2 Path Derivation
2.3 Epidermal Morphology
3 Structural Performance
3.1 Forward and Reverse Comparison of Monomers
3.2 Group Discrete Aggregate Deduction
4 Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Threading Cellular Architecture Geometries
1 Introduction
2 CA from Discrete Points
3 To a Three-Dimensional Geometry Beyond Discrete
4 Weaving and Knitting as CA Translators
5 Knitting Method
6 Conclusions
References
Auxetic Grammars: An Application of Shape Grammar Using Shape Machine to Generate Auxetic Metamaterial Geometries for Fabricating Sustainable Kinetic Panels
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Conclusion
References
Graph Constrained Multiple Schemes Generation for Campus Layout
1 Introduction
2 Related Work in the Field of Deep Learning Techniques and Buildings Layout Generation
3 Methodology
3.1 Model Architecture
3.2 Training Method
4 Database Establishment
4.1 Data Collection
4.2 Data Selecting
4.3 Sample Labelling
4.4 Data Augmentation
5 Training and Test
5.1 Training
5.2 Test Results
5.3 Result Analysis
6 Discussion
References
Lightweight and Customized Design via Conformal Parametric Lattice Driven by Stress Fields
1 Introduction
2 Design Methodology
2.1 Tailoring Free Shape Modelling and Defining the Functional Requirement
2.2 Field-Driven Agent System
3 Physical Experiment and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Simulation and Optimization
Optimizing for Orientation in Complex Spaces
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 The Quantitative Definition of Variety
2.2 The Evaluation of Ease of Orientation
3 Prototype Development and Trade-Off Graph
3.1 Atrium Generator Prototype Setup
3.2 Trade-Off Graph
4 Further Design Iterations
4.1 Learnability Experiment
4.2 Recognizability Experiments
5 Conclusion and Future Work
References
A Virtual Reality Window View Evaluation Tool for Shading Devices and Exterior Landscape Design
1 Introduction
2 Method
2.1 Experimental Model
2.2 Daylight Model
2.3 Generation of VR Window View Evaluation Tool
2.4 Experimental Design
3 Results Analysis
3.1 Daylight Analysis
3.2 Window View Analysis
4 Conclusion
References
Virtual Reality Architecture Teaching Application Based on Unity Platform—Taking a Small Architect's Metaverse Application as an Example
1 Introduce
2 Background
2.1 Current Status of VR Education Development
2.2 Introduction of VR Teaching Mode
2.3 Feasibility Analysis of VR Education
3 Methodology and the Main Procedure
3.1 Reality to the Virtual —VR Application Platform Design
3.2 Virtual to Reality—Export Cutting Processing Files
4 Conclusion and Discussion
References
The Embodied Interaction with XR Metaverse Space Based on Pneumatic Actuated Structures
1 Introduction
2 Methodology and Prototype
2.1 XR Interaction Design—Physical Interaction of Digital Wearable
2.2 Pneumatic Actuated Structures and Soft Material
2.3 Interaction with XR Metaverse Space
3 Conclusion and Discussion
References
Construction of Recreation Behavior Simulation Model of Public Space in Urban Waterfront—Taking Huangpu River in Shanghai as an Example
1 Research Background
2 Research Object and Research Path
3 Research Key Links
4 Behavior Simulation Model Construction Process
4.1 Basic Data Collection
4.2 Data Analysis and Processing
4.3 Simulation Model Construction
4.4 Fitting Analysis and Validity Verification
5 Model Application
6 Conclusion
References
Estimating the Impacts of Seasonal Variations of Streetscape on Dockless Bike Sharing Trip with Street View Images and Computer Vision
1 Introduction
2 Data and Methodology
2.1 Study Area and Methodology
2.2 Data and Processing
2.3 Model Architecture
3 Result and Discussion
3.1 Models Performance and Diagnosis Results
3.2 The Seasonal Variations of the Streetscape
3.3 Other Non-seasonal Variables
4 Conclusion
References
Generation Scheme of IndoorGML Model Based on Building Information Model
1 Introduction
2 Method
2.1 BIM Information Extraction
2.2 Geometric Model Construction
2.3 Semantic Information Integration
3 Case Study
3.1 Hospital BIM Model Data Processing
3.2 Hospital IndoorGML Model Generation
4 Semantic Network Analysis of the Hospital IndoorGML Model
4.1 Semantic Network Model Construction
4.2 Centrality and Modularity Analysis
4.3 Flow Paths Analysis
5 Conclusion and Discussion
References
Designing a Systematic Experiment to Investigate the Effect of Ambient Smell on Human Emotions in the Indoor Space; Introducing a Mixed-Method Approach
1 Introduction
2 Neglect of Smell in Architecture
3 Simulation and Study of Ambient Smell
4 Designing an Experiment to Study Smell Using a Mixed-Method Approach
4.1 Method and Procedure
5 Conclusion
References
Parametric Sankey: Interactive Mapping of Complex Material Flows for Urban and Architectural Design
1 Architecture of Flows
2 Parametric Sankey for Mapping Complex Flows
2.1 Case Study: Mapping Sewoon Sangga Flows
2.2 Parametric Sankey Tool
3 Results: Trans-Scalar Flows
3.1 Flows as Interactive Diagrams
3.2 Flows as Urban Assemblages
3.3 Flows as Architecture
4 Discussion and Future Developments
References
Apply Digital-Twin Model to Optimize the Planning of Equipment Pipeline System in the Laboratory Campus
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 Laboratory Equipment Pipeline System Arrangement
2.2 Principle of Equipment Pipeline System Planning
2.3 Related Work on Visualization of Equipment Pipeline System
3 Methodology
3.1 Overview of the Digital-Twin Workflow
3.2 Equipment Integration Model Optimization Process
3.3 Optimal Genetic Algorithm Evaluation
4 Results
4.1 Interaction Between Buildings and Equipment
4.2 Interaction Between Landscape and Equipment
4.3 Validation Experiments and Practical Applications
5 Conclusion and Discussion
References
Modeling on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Traditional Residential Neighborhoods in Beijing Based on GAN
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Research Overview on UTCI in Outdoor Environment
1.3 Research Gaps
1.4 Research Framework
2 Literature Review about Related Researches
2.1 The Definition of UTCI and Its Application
2.2 Researches About GAN
3 Methods
3.1 Model Generation Based on Rhino/Grasshopper Platform
3.2 Simulation and Calculation of UTCI Based on Ladybug Tools
3.3 GAN-Based Image Generation
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Characterizing the Solution Space of Building Shading System Through Computational and Parametric Feed-Forward Design Approach
1 Introduction
2 Method
2.1 Build the Model
2.2 Parameter Variables and Metrics
3 Results
3.1 Parameter Iterative Studies
3.2 Sensitivity Analysis
4 Conclusion
References
OTTO: A Portable Urban Sensing Station to Survey the Energetic Footprint of Urban Microclimates
1 Introduction
2 State of the Art
3 OTTO Hardware Development
3.1 Sensing Devices
3.2 OTTO Design (Prototype)
4 OTTO Software Development
4.1 Serial Monitoring and Computer Communication Interface
4.2 Data Post-processing and Analysis
5 Results
5.1 Phoenix Case Study
5.2 Comparison of Extremes within the City of Phoenix
5.3 Results of Sensitivity Analysis
5.4 Comparison of Day-Time Night-Time Surveys
6 Conclusions and Future Work
References
A Parametric Approach Towards Carbon Net Zero in Agricultural Planning
1 Background Introduction
2 Preconditions
3 Generating Housing Blocks
4 Set Building Coordinates
5 Analysis of Electricity Consumption of Residential Blocks
6 Place Solar Panels
7 Rating Land Type
8 Planting Crops
9 Display
10 Result
11 Example
12 Conclusions
References
The Use of Normative Energy Calculation for Natural Ventilation Performance-Driven Urban Block Morphology Generation
1 Introduction
1.1 Core Algorithm of Carbon Emissions
1.2 Carbon Emissions Calculation Platform
1.3 Calculation Path of Carbon Emissions
2 Methodology
2.1 Shape Path
2.2 Development of Efficient Computing Methods
3 Results
4 Conclusion
References
Materialization and Construction
Gesture Recognition for Feedback Based Mixed Reality and Robotic Fabrication: A Case Study of the UnLog Tower
1 Introduction
2 State of the Art
3 Aim and Objectives
4 Methods
4.1 Object Localization
4.2 Object Identification
4.3 Object Calibration
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
A ‘Human-In-The-Loop’ Workflow for Realizing Taihu Rocks
1 Background
1.1 Idea of HCPS
1.2 Shape Grammar-Based Design and Making
1.3 Human-Guided Robotic Fabrication
2 Method and Materials
2.1 System Setup
2.2 Form Generation
2.3 MR-Aided Robotic Fabrication
3 Result and Conclusion
References
Performance-Driven VR Learning for Robotics
1 Introduction
2 Learning Theories and Emerging Technologies
2.1 Game-Based VR Learning
2.2 Adaptive Learning Systems
3 Robotics Academy
3.1 Interviews and Industry Summit
3.2 Curriculum
3.3 Prototype Development
3.4 Personalizing the Learning Environment
4 Conclusion and Future Plans
References
DeepCraft: Co-Intelligent Architecture and Human and AI-Driven Craftsmanship in Design-to-Production Pipelines
1 Introduction
2 Artificial Intelligence in the Scope of a Craftsmanship
2.1 Current Learning Experiments in the Processes of AI in the AECO and the Use of GAIL
3 Implementing the Computational Framework
3.1 Real-Time Gesture-Driven Navigation of the Robot
3.2 Unity and Rhino/GH Implementation—Hand Tracking
3.3 Unity Basic Setup
3.4 Rhino|Grasshopper Setup
3.5 GAIL and Behavioral Cloning Test in Unity and Observation
4 Discussion and Further Potential
5 Conclusion
References
Making Matter: Small-Scale Biomorphogenic Prototype Based on Ulva-Algae-Biopolymer
1 Introduction
2 Making Matter: Algae Based Biopolymers
2.1 Material Making Experiments
2.2 Algae-Filament Making Process
3 Making Matter: 3d Printable Bio-Morphological Prototype
3.1 Design Prototype Generation
3.2 Generating Prototype on Human Body
3.3 Fabrication (3D printing) Process Based on Ulva Algal Filament
4 Conclusion
References
Animate Concrete: Materialization of Concrete Element Kinetic Assemblies
1 Introduction
1.1 Reconfiguration and adaptability
2 Research Background
2.1 Discrete design and Self-assembly
2.2 Architectural Character; Behavioral Diversity
2.3 Design with Forces/Weight
2.4 Digital Concrete and Robotic Fabrication
3 Method
3.1 Motion Design-Simulation
3.2 On Robotic Sequential Casting (RotoForm)
3.3 Motion Tracking: A Digital Framework for Evaluating the Motion
4 Conclusion
5 Future works
References
Manufacturing Process of Recycling Corn Fiber, A Low-tech Materials for Modular Construction
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Problem Statement
1.3 Research Aim
2 Literature Review
2.1 Why Maize?
2.2 Existing Mothods of Processing Maize Fibre
3 Methodology
3.1 Overall Framework
3.2 Analysis of Corn Fiber Properties
3.3 Making Bio-Based Glue and Material Sample Boards
3.4 Modular Building Form Simulation Using Corn Materials
4 Case Study-Chair
4.1 One-piece Molded Chair
4.2 Modular Chair
4.3 Use Test and Comparison
5 Conclusion
References
Membrane-Based Modularization in Prefabrication System Design as a Strategy in Emergency Buildings
1 Introduction
2 Research Background
2.1 Analysis of Emergency Building Design
2.2 The Experiment Design idea of this Project
3 Experiment Process
3.1 Structure and Texture Design
3.2 Aerated membrane construction
3.3 Polyurethane Construction
3.4 Concrete Construction
3.5 Construction Deformation Monitoring
4 Findings
4.1 The Operation of Spraying Trajectory of Manipulator
4.2 Defects of Spraying Technology
5 Results
6 Discussion
7 Conclusion
References
Customized Knit Membrane Deployable Hyperboloid Tower
1 Introduction
2 Deployable Structures
2.1 Deployable Structures Examples
2.2 Hyperbolic Structures
3 Knitted Membrane
4 Design Process
4.1 Grasshopper to Model Hyperbolic Form
4.2 Grasshopper to Model Membranes
4.3 Knitting Design
5 Fabrication and Result
5.1 Knitting Fabrication
5.2 Result
6 Conclusion
References
Interlocking Units for Robotically Fabricated Architectural Structures
1 Automated Assembly for Architecture and Construction
1.1 The Current State of Construction
1.2 Automated Brick Assembly
1.3 Robotic Construction
1.4 Design Unitization for Architectural Construction
1.5 An Opportunity for Design
2 Methods
2.1 Producing 3D-Printed Units
2.2 Design Unitization
2.3 Robotic Assembly
2.4 Masonry Production of Assembly Units
3 Results
3.1 Error Correction and Interlocking
3.2 Digital Fabrication for Bespoke Object Generation
4 Implications
References
A Parametric Wave Joint for Robotic Fabrication of Digital Stereotomy
1 Introduction
2 Systematic Literature Review
3 Design Development
3.1 Motion Space
3.2 Combination of ∧ Shape and ⋂ Shape
4 Parametric Modeling
4.1 Wave Curves Calculation
4.2 Robotic Arm Cutting
5 Future Study
References
Weaving Tectonics: Algorithmically Optimised Robotic FRP Weaving of Large Scale Planar Forms
1 Introduction
2 Background
3 Workflow
3.1 Topological Optimised Planar Structure
3.2 One Stroke Path Planning
3.3 Robotic Winding and Fabrication Process
4 Discussion and Conclusion
References
Slack Pack: Fabrication System for the Dual Robotic Winding of Spatial Fiber Structures
1 Introduction
2 Context
2.1 Coreless Filament Winding
2.2 Robot Collaboration in Fiber Winding
2.3 Restrictions of Winding Frames for Spatial Structures
3 Methodology
3.1 Fabrication Planning
3.2 Fabrication Execution
4 Results
4.1 Prototypes
4.2 Demonstrator
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
3DCP for Complex Sites: Robotic Fabrication of Custom-Fit Slabs in Irregular Pontoons
1 Introduction
2 State of the Art
3 Methodology
4 Digitalization
5 Generation of Custom-Fit Slabs
6 Fabrication
7 Conclusion
References
Translucent Tectonics: Lightweight Floor Slab System Based on FDM Manufacturing
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 Design Context: Renovation of a Group of Factories
2.2 Thermoplastic Modules and Post-Tensioning Method
2.3 Performance-Based Toolpath Planning
3 Construction Method of Components
4 3D-Printing Toolpath Planning
4.1 Stress-Based Geometry of Slab Sections
4.2 Differentiate the Geometry at Different Sections
4.3 From Geometry to 3D-Printing Toolpath
4.4 Five Prototypes of Modules
5 Fabrication Experiments
5.1 FDM Printing the 1: 25 Scale Model
5.2 FDM Printing the 1: 8 Scale Model
6 Conclusion
References
ISOMORPHISM Stylized Translations of 2D Prototype in Additive Clay Printing
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 Additive Clay Printing
2.2 Stylization
2.3 Research Origin
3 Methods
3.1 Formal Relationship Between Printing Process with Clay Properties
3.2 Transformation Matrix of Robotic Target Pose
3.3 Formal Effects of Different Movements with the Fixed Toolkit
4 Results
4.1 Printed Entity and Original Prototype
4.2 Discussion and Future Work
5 Conclusion
References
Printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic Multi-Bias Additive Manufacturing
1 Introduction
2 Methods
3 Results
4 Discussion
References
Author Index