This book presents photo-driven seawater splitting technologies for hydrogen production. This technology is considered as a win–win interplay for both the utilization of solar energy as the most renewable energy and seawater as the most hydrogen source. The book also discusses topics from raw materials selection, characterization and mechanistic insights to the latest research developments in response to the need for environmentally friendly and low-carbon industries. In addition, it provides insights into a most attractive energy-conversion and storage cascade by combining solar energy and a hydrogen system. Given its scope, this book appeals to a broad readership, particularly professionals at universities and scientific research institutes, as well as practitioners in industry.
Author(s): Xiao-Yu Yang
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 406
City: Singapore
Acknowledgement
Contents
About the Editor
Electrocatalytic Seawater Splitting
1 Preface
2 Principles of Electrocatalytic SW Splitting
2.1 The Basic Principles for Electrocatalytic SW Splitting
2.2 Features of Electrocatalytic SW Splitting
3 Materials Used for the HER in SW
3.1 Noble Metal-Based Materials
3.2 Non-noble Metal-Based Materials
4 Materials Used for OER in SW
4.1 Metal Oxides or (Oxy)hydroxides
4.2 Metal Nitrides
4.3 Metal Sulfides
4.4 Compounds and Others
5 Bifunctional Materials Used for HER/OER in SW
5.1 Metals
5.2 Metal Oxides or (Oxy)hydroxides
5.3 Metal Nitrides
5.4 Metal Phosphides
5.5 Metal Chalcogenides
5.6 Compounds
6 Industrialization
6.1 Electrolyzers
6.2 Purification Technique and Cost Analysis
6.3 SW Reverse Osmosis Coupled with Water Electrolysis
7 Conclusion
8 Outlook
References
Photocatalytic Seawater Splitting
1 Preface
2 Principles
2.1 Mechanism for H2 Production in PCSW Systems
2.2 Measurement of the Performance of PCWS Systems
2.3 Features and Effects on the Performance
3 Materials Used for PCSS
3.1 Introduction (Material Type, Synthesis, Structure, Characteristic Properties, and Performance in Seawater Splitting)
3.2 TiO2-based Materials
3.3 Polymer-Based Materials
3.4 Solid Solution-Based Materials
3.5 Other Types of Materials
4 Industrialization
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Economical Costs versus Practical Value
4.3 Large-Scale Synthesis of Photocatalysts
4.4 System Design
4.5 Technology Cost Competitiveness
5 Perspectives
6 Conclusion
References
Photoelectrocatalytic Seawater Splitting
1 Preface
2 Principles Serving as the Foundation of Photoelectrocatalytic Water Splitting
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Mechanism of PEC Water Splitting
2.3 Features of PEC Water Splitting and Effects on the Performance
3 Materials Used in PEC Seawater Splitting Systems
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Understanding the PEC SW Splitting Mechanisms
3.3 Metal Oxides Materials for Seawater Splitting
3.4 Non-oxide Photoelectrodes for Seawater Splitting
4 Implementation
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Efficiency and Cost
4.3 PEC Systems and Devices
5 Challenges
5.1 Unassisted STH Conversion Inefficiency
5.2 Self-oxidation/reduction Promoted Photocorrosion
5.3 Scale-Up for Creating Practical PEC Devices
6 Summary and Outlook
References
Photovoltaic Electrocatalytic Seawater Splitting
1 Introduction
2 Principles
2.1 PV Cells
2.2 Electrocatalytic Seawater Splitting
2.3 Historical Development PVEC Seawater Splitting Systems
3 Progress Made in Designing Efficient PVEC Seawater Splitting Systems
3.1 Metals
3.2 Intermetallic Compounds
3.3 Metal/Intermetallic Composites
4 Industrialization
4.1 PV Cells
4.2 Electrocatalytic Seawater Splitting
4.3 Photovoltaic Electrocatalytic Seawater Splitting
5 Conclusion
6 Perspectives
References
Solar Thermochemical Water-Splitting
1 Preface
2 Principle of Solar Thermochemical Hydrogen (STCH) Water-Splitting
2.1 The Basic Principles for STCH Water Splitting
2.2 Mechanism of STCH Water Splitting
3 Materials Used for STCH Water Splitting
3.1 ZnO/Zn
3.2 SnO2/SnO
3.3 CeO2/CeO2−δ
3.4 Fe3O4/FeO Cycle and MFe2O4/MFe2O4−δ
3.5 Perovskites (ABO3)
3.6 Polymetallic Oxides
3.7 Sulfur Family
4 Reactor
4.1 Reactor for Volatile Metal Oxides
4.2 Reactor for Non-Volatile Metal Oxides
5 Perspectives for Solar Thermochemical Seawater-Splitting
5.1 Desalinating Seawater for STCH
5.2 Seawater Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production via Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cell (SOEC)
6 Challenges and Outlook
References
Photo-Driven Biocatalytic Seawater Splitting
1 Introduction
2 Hydrogen-Producing Enzymatic Processes in Organisms
2.1 Nitrogenases
2.2 Hydrogenases
3 Semi-artificial Photosynthetic Biohybrids for Hydrogen Production
3.1 Hydrogen Production Through Photosynthesis
3.2 Semi-artificial Photosynthetic Biohybrids
4 Hydrogen Production in Enzyme-Based SAPSs
4.1 [FeFe]-Hydrogenase
4.2 [NiFeSe]-Hydrogenase
5 Hydrogen Production by Bacterial-Based Semi-artificial Biohybrids
5.1 Shewanella Oneidensis MR-1
5.2 Escherichia Coli
5.3 Chlorella
5.4 Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii
5.5 Other Microorganisms
6 Perspective
7 Conclusion
References
