Perspectives and Trends in Education and Technology: Selected Papers from ICITED 2023

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This book presents high-quality, peer-reviewed papers from the International Conference in Information Technology & Education (ICITED 2023), to be held at the Nilton Lins University, Manaus, Brazil, during June 29–30, 2023. The book covers a specific field of knowledge. This intends to cover not only two fields of knowledge—Education and Technology—but also the interaction among them and the impact/result in the job market and organizations. It covers the research and pedagogic component of Education and Information Technologies but also the connection with Society, addressing the three pillars of higher education. The book addresses impact of pandemic on education and use of technology in education. Finally, it also encourages companies to present their professional cases which will be discussed. These can constitute real examples of how companies are overcoming their challenges with the uncertainty of the market.

Author(s): Anabela Mesquita; António Abreu; João Vidal Carvalho; Cleuciliz Santana; Cristina Helena Pinto de Mello
Series: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies
Edition: 1
Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore
Year: 2023

Language: English
Pages: xvii; 743
City: Singapore
Tags: Computational Intelligence, Science and Technology Studies, Higher Education, Education, general,

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
1 Relevance Analysis for the Offering of a Doctorate Program in Computer Science in Ecuador
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Analysis of Problems and Needs that Justify the Offer of the Doctoral Program in Computer Science
1.3 Ecuadorian Development Trends Related to the Field of Study of the Ph.D. Program in Computer Science
1.4 Relevance Based on Demand Analysis
1.5 Conclusion
References
2 Epistemological Justification for the Offer of the Master's Degree in Information Security in Ecuador
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Epistemological Justification
2.2.1 Academic Background
2.2.2 Some Theoretical Foundations
2.2.3 Theoretical Framework that Strengthens the Justification
2.3 Conclusions
References
3 Sustainable Learning and the Difficulties of Integral Child Development: Case Study in Children of an Educational Center in Cuenca, Ecuador
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Definitions and Basic Notions
3.3 Research Methodology and Materials
3.4 Analysis and Discussion of Results
3.5 Conclusions
References
4 Student Academic Behavior Attributes: First Phase
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Art State
4.3 Methodology
4.4 Experimentation
4.5 Conclusion
References
5 Good Teaching Practice. Teach Through Role Play
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Good Teaching Practices and Role Play
5.1.2 Teach Graphic Design
5.2 Methodology
5.3 Results
5.4 Conclusions
References
6 Diagnosis of Brain Tumors Using a Convolutional Neural Network
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Related Works
6.3 Methodology
6.4 Dataset
6.5 Results
6.6 Discussions
6.7 Conclusions
References
7 Safety and Occupational Health Management System in Mining to Reduce Fatal Accidents in the Mining Industry
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Material and Method
7.2.1 Material
7.2.2 Research Method
7.2.3 Research Level
7.2.4 Population
7.2.5 Data Collection Procedures, Techniques, and Instruments
7.3 Results
7.4 Discussion
7.4.1 Strategic Security Management Indicators Within the Framework of the Title III of D.S. 024-2016-EM
7.4.2 Tactical Security Management Indicators Within the Framework of the Title III of D.S. 024-2016-EM
7.4.3 Operational Security Management Indicators Within the Framework of the Title III of D.S. No. 024-2016-EM
7.5 Conclusion
References
8 Understanding the Dynamics of Gross and Informal Employment Clusters
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Methodology
8.3 Experimentation
8.4 Conclusion
References
9 E-government and the Fight Against Corruption in Latin America
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Literature Review
9.3 Methodology
9.4 Results
9.5 Conclusions
References
10 Mentoring as a Tool for Strengthening Management Competences
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Methods
10.3 Results
10.4 Discussion
10.5 Conclusions
References
11 Critical Thinking in Postgraduate Degree Work at the Israel Technological University, Ecuador
11.1 Introduction: The Development of Critical Thinking as One of the Challenges of Current Education
11.1.1 Critical Reasoning as a Complex Thinking Skill
11.2 Methodology
11.3 Results and Discussion
11.4 Conclusions
References
12 Parallelism of Physical and Simulated Industrial Communication Network Development
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Methodology
12.3 Communication Network Configuration Simulated Processes
12.3.1 Configuration Modbus TCP/IP Communication and Simulated PID-Level Process
12.3.2 Configuration C7 Communication and PID-Level Processing Simulated with Factory
12.3.3 ProfiNet Communication Configuration for the Packaging Process/FluidSIM
12.4 Communication Network Configuration Physical Processes
12.4.1 ProfiNet Communication Configuration in the Proportional Control Process of a Pneumatic Actuator
12.4.2 Communication and Machining Process Configuration
12.4.3 PID-Level Control Process Configuration Located in the SERVER and Control with SCADA System and KTP 700 Screen
12.5 Analysis and Results
12.6 Conclusions
References
13 Multidisciplinary Investigative Skills in the University Teacher
13.1 Introduction
13.2 University and Research
13.3 Investigative Skills with a Multidisciplinary Approach
13.4 Methodology
13.5 Results and Discussion
13.6 Interview with the Directors of Research, Teaching, and Community Outreach
13.7 Conclusions
13.8 Proposal of Strategic Guidelines to Reinforce the Investigative Skills of the University Professor, Under a Multidisciplinary Approach
References
14 Development of a MATLAB® MOOC to Enhance the Computational Skills of Students
14.1 Introduction
14.1.1 MATLAB® Software as a Learning Resource at IPN
14.1.2 Students’ Situation at Instituto Politecnico Nacional
14.2 Instructional Design and MOOC Development
14.3 Discussion and Results
14.4 Conclusions
References
15 Asking Higher Education Students to Write Research Case Studies—A Way to Develop Engagement and Critical Thinking
15.1 Introduction
15.2 ISCAP’s MA in Intercultural Studies for Business
15.3 Why Give Students Written Assignments
15.4 Types of Students’ Case Studies
15.5 Results
15.5.1 Sources and Documentation
15.5.2 Accuracy and Reliability of Sources
15.5.3 Analysis and Interpretation
15.5.4 Detailed Description and Creative Writing
15.5.5 Storytelling
15.5.6 Analytical Generalisation
15.6 Going Back to the Teaching Case Method
15.7 Conclusions
References
16 A Pedagogical Model for Teaching the Subject of Research Methodology
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Literature Review
16.2.1 First Teaching Strategy: Brainstorming as a Tool in What to Investigate
16.2.2 Second Teaching Strategy: Cognitive Mapping as a Tool for Delimiting Information
16.2.3 Third Teaching Strategy: The Ishikawa Diagram as a Tool for Analyzing a Research Problem
16.2.4 Fourth Teaching Strategy: The SWOT Matrix as a Tool for Conceptual and Procedural Analysis of Research
16.2.5 Fifth Teaching Strategy: The CANVAS Model, a Tool to Support Research Ideas
16.2.6 Pedagogical Model Based on the Cognitivist Constructivist Approach
16.3 Methodology
16.4 Results and Discussion
16.5 Conclusions
References
17 Study to Update the Concept of Broadband According to Ecuador’s Regulatory Framework and Its Impact on the Economic, Social, and Productive Spheres
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Theoretical Framework
17.2.1 Broadband Concepts and Definitions
17.2.2 Socio-Economic Momentum
17.2.3 Economic Impact (GDP)
17.2.4 Impact on Job Creation
17.2.5 Impact on Productivity
17.2.6 Consumer Surplus
17.3 Comparisons to Consider with Respect to Broadband in the Region
17.4 Regulations and Considerations Regarding Broadband in Ecuador
17.5 Current Broadband Scenario in Ecuador
17.5.1 Fixed Internet Access
17.5.2 Mobile Internet Access
17.5.3 Fixed Broadband Internet Subscriptions in Ecuador
17.6 Conclusions
References
18 3D Printer as a Resource for Didactic Development Tool for the Maker Culture—An Open-Source Design of the COREXY 3D Printer
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Bibliographic Review
18.2.1 Additive Manufacturing
18.3 Methodology
18.4 TriCLOPs-mono: COREXY 3D Printer Project
18.4.1 TriCLOPs-mono Costs
18.5 TriCLOPs-mono Calibration and Tests
18.6 Final Considerations
References
19 Open-Source Web System to Improve Eating Styles Accompanied by Exercises: HealthLife
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Related Works
19.3 Description of the Proposed Methodology
19.4 Case Study
19.5 Case Study Results
19.6 Discussion of Results
19.7 Conclusion and Future Work
References
20 Pandemic Reflections on Higher Education: A Theoretical Examination of Work-Related Stress in the Teaching Role
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Method
20.2.1 Design
20.2.2 Data Collection
20.3 Results
20.3.1 Teacher Stress and Distance Learning
20.3.2 Teacher Stress and Physical and Mental Health
20.3.3 Factors of Teacher Job Stress
20.3.4 Technostress and the University Teacher
20.4 Discussion
20.5 Conclusions
References
21 Technology and Tax Culture. An Evolutionary Perspective
21.1 Introduction
21.1.1 ICTs as a Tool for Continuous Improvement
21.1.2 The Internal Revenue Service and Its Use of ICTs
21.2 Methodology
21.3 Results and Discussion
21.3.1 Data Entry Channels
21.3.2 Electronic Invoicing: SRI Y YO
21.3.3 Consultation of Services and Formalities: SRI Services and Formalities, Regulations
21.3.4 Training
21.3.5 DIMM
21.3.6 Relationship Between Effective Collection and Digital Transformation
21.4 Conclusion
References
22 An Exploration of the Skills and Knowledge of the Accounting Profession
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Methodology
22.3 Results
22.4 Conclusion
References
23 The Impact of Affective Behavior on Co-creation and Customer Satisfaction
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Literature Review: Relationships Between Affective Behavior, Co-creation, and Satisfaction
23.2.1 Affective Behavior Versus Co-creation
23.2.2 Affective Behavior Versus Satisfaction
23.2.3 Co-creation Versus Satisfaction
23.2.4 The Proposed Model
23.3 Methodology, Data Collection, and Techniques
23.3.1 Measures
23.4 Results
23.4.1 Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA)
23.4.2 Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA)
23.4.3 Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)
23.5 Discussion and Conclusions
References
24 Active Methodologies: An Approach to Virtual Teaching in Natural Sciences
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Methodology
24.2.1 Participants
24.2.2 Materials/Resource Used
24.2.3 Procedure
24.3 Active Strategies Design
24.3.1 I Draw My Thought
24.3.2 Autonomous Transposition
24.3.3 Virtual Labs
24.4 Results’ Discussion
24.5 Conclusion
References
25 Articulation of Environmental Education in the Curricula of Higher Education Institutions: A Systematic Review
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Methodology
25.3 Results
25.4 Discussion and Conclusion
References
26 The New Educational Models Based on Information and Communication Technology and Education 4.0
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Methodology
26.2.1 Planning the Review
26.2.2 Conducting the Review
26.2.3 Analysis of Results
26.3 Conclusion
References
27 Scrum Scholar Machine Learning Model: A Proposal for Next Generation Classroom
27.1 Introduction
27.1.1 Education Future and the Demands of the Twenty-First Century
27.1.2 Scrum in Educative Context
27.1.3 Machine Learning in Educative Context
27.2 Methodology
27.2.1 Aim and Investigation Questions
27.2.2 Procedure
27.2.3 Sample
27.3 Results
27.3.1 Phase 1 Results
27.3.2 Phase 2 Results
27.3.3 Phase 3 Results
27.4 Conclusion and Discussion
References
28 Blogging as a Tool for Andragogical Learning
28.1 Introduction
28.1.1 Virtual Education as an Option for Adult Learning
28.1.2 Connectivism; The Effect of Technology on Andragogy
28.1.3 Use of the Blog as an Educational Tool
28.1.4 Factors to Consider for the Use of BLOGS in Andragogical Learning
28.1.5 Putting into Practice the Use of Blogs in Andragogic Education
28.1.6 Process for the Development of the Class
28.1.7 Usefulness of the Blog for the Actors in the Teaching–Learning Process
28.2 Methodology
28.3 Results
28.3.1 Use of Blogs in Adult Education
28.4 Conclusion
References
29 Environmental Management of the Ecuadorian Public Sector in the Fight Against Climate Change
29.1 Introduction
29.1.1 SDGs
29.1.2 Nationally Determined Contributions NDC
29.2 Methodology
29.3 Results
29.3.1 Management at the National Level
29.3.2 Management at the Provincial Level
29.4 Discussion
29.5 Conclusion
References
30 Cognitive Performance and Use of Digital Tools as Predictors of Academic Success in University Students
30.1 Introduction
30.1.1 Role of Neurocognitive Functions in Learning
30.1.2 Educational Technology and Student Performance
30.2 Method
30.2.1 Population and Sample
30.2.2 Instruments
30.2.3 Procedure
30.2.4 Analysis of Data
30.3 Results
30.3.1 Sociodemographic Profile of the Sample
30.3.2 Differences Between the Scores Obtained in the Tests Regarding the Male and Female Gender
30.3.3 Differences Between the Scores Obtained in the Tests with Respect to the Age Groups
30.3.4 Relationship Between the Scores Obtained in the D2 Test and the Scores Obtained in Each Cognitive Test
30.3.5 Survey on Digital Tools that Facilitate Attention and Learning
30.4 Discussion
30.5 Conclusion
References
31 SOLL as an Auxiliary Teaching and Learning Tool—Case Study in Higher Education
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Methodology
31.3 Results
31.4 Conclusion
References
32 Mindfulness in the Advanced Human Capital: A Theoretical Proposal of a Training Program at the University Bernardo O’Higgins, Assemblies, and Definitions
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Literature Review
32.2.1 On the Concept of Experience
32.2.2 The Practice of Mindfulness
32.2.3 Mindfulness in Educational Contexts
32.3 Materials and Methods
32.3.1 A Project Based on PAR
32.3.2 The Organizational Structure of UBO
32.4 Theoretical Proposal: Mindfulness at UBO
32.5 Discussion
32.6 Conclusions
References
33 Student Satisfaction in Polytechnic Higher Education: Assessment Model Based on the ECSI Index
33.1 Introduction
33.2 Literature Review
33.2.1 Satisfaction Concepts
33.2.2 The European Consumer Satisfaction Index (ECSI)
33.3 Methodology
33.4 Results
33.5 Conclusions
References
34 Didactic-Disruptive: Technological Tool for Children Who Present Slow Learning of Basic Arithmetic Operations
34.1 Introduction
34.2 Context
34.3 Materials and Method
34.4 Characteristics of the Target Population
34.5 Technology Implementation Design Model
34.6 Results
34.7 Conclusion
References
35 Relationship Between Performance and Psychosocial Factors in Teachers of Private Educational Institutions in Quito—Ecuador
35.1 Introduction
35.1.1 Motivation
35.1.2 Related Works
35.2 Methodology
35.3 Results
35.4 Conclusions
References
36 Estimation of Income Tax Collection in Ecuador
36.1 Introduction
36.2 Theoretical Framework
36.2.1 Econometrics and Econometric Models
36.2.2 Application of Predictive Models
36.3 Methodology
36.3.1 Statistical Method
36.4 Results
36.5 Conclusions
References
37 Virtual Laboratories for Learning Chemistry and Physics Through Chemlab and Modellus
37.1 Introduction
37.2 Methodology
37.2.1 Participants
37.2.2 Procedure
37.2.3 Google Sites: Virtual Laboratories to Teach Chemistry
37.3 Results and Discussion
37.4 Conclusions
References
38 Quadrilaterals in the Dynamic Figural Register Through Digital Technology
38.1 Introduction
38.2 Dynamic Figural Register
38.2.1 Dynamic Formation
38.2.2 Dynamic Treatments
38.3 Activities on Quadrilaterals
38.3.1 Activity 1
38.3.2 Activity 2
38.4 Conclusions
References
39 Synthetic Data Generator for an E-Learning Platform in a Big Data Environment
39.1 Introduction
39.2 State of the Art
39.3 Knowledge Extraction Using Big Data Tools
39.3.1 Big Data Cluster
39.3.2 Data Selection and Filtering
39.3.3 Fact Table Construction
39.4 Implementation and Results
39.4.1 Metrics
39.4.2 Request Simulator
39.5 Validation
39.5.1 Clustering Using SimpleKMeans
39.5.2 A Priori Association Rules
39.6 Conclusions
References
40 Gamification for Virtual Learning Environments in Ecuadorian Universities
40.1 Introduction
40.2 Material and Methods
40.3 Results
40.4 Discussion
40.5 Conclusions
References
41 Electronic Platform of Students’ Social Competencies Development as a Learning Management System
41.1 Introduction
41.2 Methodology
41.2.1 Operational Feasibility
41.2.2 Functional Module Design
41.3 Conclusion
References
42 Proposal for the Inclusion of Narrative in the Video Game Design Process
42.1 Introduction
42.1.1 New Narrative Discourses
42.1.2 Narratology
42.1.3 Video Games as Narrative Discourses
42.1.4 The Plot that Builds Narratives in Video Games
42.2 Related Works
42.3 Methodology
42.3.1 Bibliographic Selection
42.3.2 Analysis of Narrative in Video Game Design Documents GDD
42.3.3 Systematization of the Teaching Experience
42.3.4 A Starter’s Guide to Narrative-Driven Game Design
42.4 Proposed Model for the Inclusion of Narrative in the Video Game Design Process
42.5 Conclusions
References
43 Real-Time Visual Feedback Technology in Support of a Didactic Voice Tuning System
43.1 Introduction
43.2 Methodology
43.2.1 Fundamental Frequency Determination
43.2.2 System Description
43.2.3 Objective Evaluation
43.3 Experimental Results of the Pitch Training Process
43.4 Conclusions
References
44 The Future of Learning in Romanian Schools: Examining the Transformative Impact of Gaming Technologies in Education—A Pilot Study in Bucharest
44.1 Introduction
44.2 Short Literature Survey: Technology and Education
44.2.1 The Impact of Technology on Society and Education
44.2.2 Implications of Technology Integration in Education
44.3 Gaming Technologies in Education
44.3.1 Gaming Practices and Technologies in Education
44.3.2 The Benefits of Gaming Technologies in Education
44.4 Methodology
44.5 Results and Discussion
44.6 Recommendations
44.7 Conclusions
44.8 Research Limitations and Further Research
References
45 Behavioral Finance: Prospect Theory Topics in Decision-Making
45.1 Introduction
45.2 Traditional Finance
45.3 Behavioral Finance
45.4 Limits to the Expected Utility Theory
45.5 Prospect Theory
45.5.1 Effects of the Prospect Theory
45.5.2 Prospect Theory Improvement
45.6 Conclusion
References
46 Virtual Classroom and the Impact of E-Skills on the Performance of Peruvian University Students
46.1 Introduction
46.2 Framework
46.2.1 Virtual Classroom
46.2.2 Execution of Activities in the Virtual Classroom and Master Classes
46.3 Methodology
46.4 Results
46.5 Discussion and Conclusions
References
47 Students’ Perceptions from an Integrated Software Engineering and Databases Course
47.1 Introduction
47.2 Related Work
47.3 Course Context
47.3.1 The Course
47.3.2 The Projects
47.4 Methodology
47.4.1 The Survey
47.4.2 Data Collection
47.4.3 Threats to Validity
47.5 Results
47.5.1 Discussion
47.6 Conclusions
References
48 Scratch as a Tool to Promote Computational Thinking in Technological Education
48.1 Introduction
48.2 Literature Review
48.3 Methodology
48.4 Proposal
48.5 Results
48.6 Conclusions
References
49 The Use of WhatsApp and English Language Learning in High School Students at a Public School in Peru
49.1 Introduction
49.2 Methodology
49.3 Results
49.4 Discussion and Conclusions
References
50 Beyond the Screen: Exploring the Impact of Virtual Learning on the Socioemotional Well-Being of University Students and Educators
50.1 Introduction
50.2 Framework
50.3 Methodology
50.4 Results and Discussion
50.4.1 Natural Semantic Networks (NSN)
50.4.2 Identity Drawing
50.5 Conclusions
References
51 Improvement of Teaching Competencies Training in Higher Education Faculty Based on Student Evaluations of Teaching and AI Systems
51.1 Introduction
51.2 Method and Data
51.3 Results
51.4 Discussion and Conclusion
References
52 SOLO Taxonomy to Assessment of Skills and Competencies Required to Students: Comparison Between Online Versus Face-to-Face Exam
52.1 Introduction
52.2 SOLO Taxonomy
52.3 Methodology
52.3.1 Online Exam
52.3.2 Face-to-Face Exam
52.4 Analysis and Discussion
52.5 Conclusions
References
53 Digital Technology in Higher Education: Identification of Surfaces in Space Generated by Functions of Two Variables
53.1 Introduction
53.2 Surfaces in Space
53.3 Mathematical Working Space
53.4 The Task
53.5 Analysis of the Expected Mathematical Production
53.6 Conclusions
References
54 Metaverse, Education, and Inclusion: Integrative Review Using the PRISMA Method
54.1 Introduction
54.2 Methods and Materials
54.2.1 Procedures of the Integrative Review
54.3 Presentation and Analysis of the Results
54.4 Final Considerations
References
55 Simplifying Specialized Texts with AI: A ChatGPT-Based Learning Scenario
55.1 Introduction
55.2 ChatGPT as an Ally for Education
55.3 A Learning Scenario for Specialized Texts
55.4 Translation Students Working with Legal Texts—A Case Study
55.5 Conclusion and Future Work
References
56 Perceptions and Dispositions of Parents and Teachers Toward Technological Learning Communities
56.1 Introduction
56.2 Materials and Methods
56.2.1 Methodology
56.2.2 Participants
56.2.3 Instruments
56.2.4 Instrument Validation
56.2.5 Information Processing
56.3 Results
56.3.1 Descriptive Analysis
56.3.2 Correlational Analysis
56.4 Discussion
56.5 Conclusions
References
57 A Novel Approach for Distributed Security Over IoT in Learning Environment
57.1 Introduction
57.2 State of the Art
57.3 A Novel Model Approach
57.4 Conclusions
References
58 Open-Source Technologies for Simulation and Operation of a Low-Cost Robotic Platform for Educational Mobile Robotics
58.1 Introduction
58.2 Methodology
58.2.1 Hardware
58.2.2 Software
58.2.3 Teaching Different Contents Related to Robotics
58.3 Results
58.3.1 CoppeliaSim
58.3.2 Robotic Operating System (ROS) and EV3
58.4 Kinematic Control of Mobile Robots
58.5 Conclusions and Future Work
References
59 SparkDigiGirls: Challenges to Motivate Girls to STEM
59.1 Introduction
59.2 Program Unleash CreativITy with Technology
59.3 Methodology
59.4 Results
59.5 Conclusions
References
60 Mobile App Prototype for Citizen Science: Toward the Development of Complex Thinking
60.1 Introduction
60.2 Current Context of Tech-Based Citizen Science
60.2.1 Assessing the Impact of Citizen Science Projects
60.2.2 Development of Complex Thinking in Educational Tech-Based Projects
60.3 Methodology
60.4 Results
60.4.1 Citizen Science Mobile App Development
60.4.2 Focus Group for the General Assessment of the Mobile App
60.4.3 Mobile App Impact According to the Threshold Framework
60.5 Conclusion
References
61 Is the Human-in-the-Loop Concept Applied in Educational Recommender Systems?
61.1 Introduction
61.2 The Human-in-the-Loop Concept
61.3 Systematic Review Methodology
61.4 Data Analysis
61.5 Conclusion
References
62 Managing the Inclusion of Students with High Cognitive Performance and/or Dual Exceptionality, from Virtual and Face-to-Face Collaborative Spaces
62.1 Introduction
62.1.1 Inclusion of Students with Special Educational Needs in the Regular Classroom
62.2 Objectives and Method
62.2.1 Participants
62.2.2 Dimensions of Interest
62.2.3 Information Sources
62.3 Results
62.4 Discussion and Conclusion
References
63 Open Platform Prototype for Technocreative Labs: Case-Based Assessment to Enhance Complex Thinking
63.1 Introduction
63.2 Theoretical Framework
63.2.1 Transformation of Education Through Digital Technology
63.2.2 Technocreative Labs
63.2.3 Complex Thinking in Higher Education
63.3 Methodology
63.3.1 Case Study: Nova-Plat Platform Development Context
63.4 Results
63.4.1 Activity Plan to Enhance Students’ Complex Thinking
63.5 Discussion
63.5.1 Findings from the Nova-Plat Project
63.6 Conclusion
References
64 Enhancing Speaking Skills in a Foreign Language Using Virtual Reality. A Study in a Portuguese Higher Education Institution
64.1 Introduction
64.2 Virtual Reality in Foreign Language Learning
64.2.1 Potential Challenges
64.3 The Experiment: Methods and Procedures
64.4 Results and Findings
64.5 Concluding Remarks
References
65 Using Identity and Access Management Systems in Hotels: Evidence from Algarve, Portugal
65.1 Introduction
65.2 Literature Review
65.3 Data and Methodology
65.4 Empirical Results
65.5 Discussion and Conclusion
Appendix: Software for Identity and Access Management (IAM) in Hotels Survey
References
66 Attitudes and Values of Portuguese School Principals Concerning Social Justice
66.1 Introduction
66.2 Method
66.3 Results
66.4 Discussion and Final Considerations
References
Author Index