Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) Chemistry Student Book

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This book provides comprehensive coverage of the new Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) specification with progression, international relevance and support at its core. It is designed to supply students with the best preparation possible for the examination:

·  Integrated exam practice throughout, with differentiated revision exercises, exam practice and learning summary sections.

·  Provides free access to an ActiveBook, a digital version of the Student Book, which can be accessed online, anytime, anywhere supporting learning beyond the classroom.

·  Transferable skills, needed for progression into higher education and employment, are signposted allowing students to understand, and engage with, the skills they’re gaining.

·  Pearson progression tools allows quick and easy formative assessment of student progress, linked to guidance on how to personalise learning solutions.

·  Reviewed by a language specialist to ensure the book is written in a clear and accessible style for students whose first language may not be English.

·  Glossary of key terminology, along with full answers included on the ActiveBook.

·  Further teacher support materials, including lesson plans, are provided online.

 

 

Author(s): Jim Clark
Edition: 1
Publisher: Pearson Education
Year: 2017

Language: English
Pages: 352
Tags: Pearson,Edexcel,IGCSE,Textbook,Chemistry

Front Cover
Contents
Course Structure
About This Book
Assessment Overview
Unit 1: Principles of Chemistry
1: States of Matter
States of Matter
Interconversions Between the three States of Matter
Working Out the Physical State of a Substance at a Particular Temperature
Diffusion
The Solubility of Solids
Solubility Curves
2: Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
Elements
Compounds
Mixtures
Simple Differences Between Mixtures and Compounds
Melting Point and Boiling Point
Separation of Mixtures
Using Paper Chromatography in Analysis
3: Atomic Structure
Atoms and Molecules
The Structure of the Atom
Atomic Number and Mass Number
Isotopes
Relative Atomic Mass
The Electrons
The Periodic Table
4: The Periodic Table
The Periodic Table
The Periodic Table and the Number of Protons, Neutrons and Electrons
The Arrangement of the Electrons in an Atom
Electronic Configurations and the Periodic Table
The Noble Gases
Metals and Non-Metals in the Periodic Table
Differences Between the Properties of Metals and Non-Metals
5: Chemical Formulae, Equations and Calculations: Part 1
Writing Equations
Balancing Equations
State Symbols
How much of Each Substance Reacts in a Chemical Reaction?
Relative Atomic Mass (Ar)
Relative Formula Mass (Mr)
The Mole
The Importance of Quoting the Formula
Simple Calculations with Moles
Formulae
The Formula for Copper Oxide
Determining the Formula of Water
Working Out Formulae Using Percentage Composition Figures
Converting Empirical Formulae into Molecular Formulae
Empirical Formula Calculations Involving Water of Crystallisation
Calculations Using Moles, Chemical Equations and Masses of Substances
Calculations Involving Only Masses
A Problem Involving Heating Calcium Carbonate
A Problem about Extracting Iron
A Problem Involving the Extraction of Lead
Calculating Percentage Yields
Calculations in Which you have to Calculate which Substance is in Excess
6: Chemical Formulae, Equations and Calculations: Part 2
Calculations Involving Gas Volumes
Units of Volume
The Volume Occupied by 1 Mole of a Gas
Calculations with Molar Volume
A Problem Involving Making Hydrogen
Working with Solution Concentrations
Calculations with Equations Involving Solutions
Calculations From Titrations
The Standard Calculation
Reversing the Calculations
7: Ionic Bonding
Ionic Bonding
Ionic Bonding in Magnesium Oxide
The Significance of Noble Gas Electronic Configurations in Ionic Bonding
Other Examples of Ionic Bonding
Formulae for Ionic Compounds
Confusing Endings!
Deducing the Formula for an Ionic Compound
Calcium Chloride Provides Another Example
Giant Ionic Structures
The Physical Properties of Ionic Substances
The Electrical Conductivity of Ionic Substances
8: Covalent Bonding
Covalent Bonding
Covalent Bonding in a Hydrogen Molecule
The Significance of Noble Gas Structures in Covalent Bonding
Why Does Hydrogen form Molecules?
Covalent Bonding in a Hydrogen Chloride Molecule
Covalent Bonding in a Chlorine Molecule (Cl2)
Covalent Bonding in Methane, Ammonia and Water
Covalent Bonding in a Slightly more Complicated Molecule: Ethane
Multiple Covalent Bonding
Organic Molecules Containing Halogen Atoms
Some more Difficult Molecules where the Central Atom does not have 8 Electrons in its Outer Shell
Simple Molecular Structures
Melting and Boiling Points Increase as Relative Molecular Mass Increases
Some Other Physical Properties of Covalent Compounds
Giant Covalent Structures
9: Metallic Bonding
Metallic Bonding
Physical Properties of Metals
10: Electrolysis
Why things Conduct Electricity
Passing Electricity Through Compounds: Electrolysis
The Electrolysis of Molten Compounds
Electrolysis and Redox
The Electrolysis of Sodium Chloride Solution
The Electrolysis of Copper (II) Sulfate Solution Using Inert Electrodes
The Electrolysis of Dilute Sulfuric Acid Using Inert Electrodes
The Electrolysis of Some Other Solutions Using Inert Electrodes
Unit Questions
Unit 2: Inorganic Chemistry
11: The Alkali Metals
Storage and Handling
A Family of Elements
Reactions with Water
Explaining the Increase in Reactivity
Reactions of the Alkali Metals with the Air
Compounds of the Alkali Metals
Summarising the Main Features of the Group 1 Elements
Predicting the Properties of Francium
12: The Halogens
The Halogens
Safety
Reactions of the Halogens
Displacement Reactions Involving the Halogens
Explaining the Trend in the Reactivity of the Halogens
Summarising the Main Features of the Group 7 Elements
13: Gases in the Atmosphere
The Composition of the Air
The Combustion of Elements in Oxygen
The Properties of Oxides
Carbon Dioxide and Global Warming: The Greenhouse Effect
14: Reactivity Series
Displacement Reactions Involving Metal Oxides
Oxidation and Reduction
Displacement Reactions Involving Solutions of Salts
The Reaction Between Copper and Silver Nitrate Solution
Reactions of Metals with Water
Reactions of Metals with Dilute Acids
A General Summary
Finding the Approximate Position of a Metal in the Reactivity Series Using Water and Dilute Acids
Making Predictions Using the Reactivity Series
Rusting of Iron
15: Extraction and Uses of Metals
Extracting Metals from their Ores
Methods of Extraction and the Reactivity Series
Alloys
Properties and Uses of Some Metals
Properties and Uses of Different Kinds of Steel
16: Acids, Alkalis and Titrations
pH and Indicators
Measuring pH
Acids
Bases
Other Alkaline Solutions
Reacting Acids with Bases and Alkalis
Titration
17: Acids, Bases and Salt Preparations
Salts
Reactions of Acids
Reactions Involving Magnesium and Acids
Reactions Involving Zinc and Acids
Bases
Bases and Alkalis
Salt Preparations
Making Soluble Salts (Except Sodium, Potassium and Ammonium Salts)
Making Magnesium Sulfate Crystals
Making Sodium, Potassium and Ammonium Salts
Making Insoluble Salts
What Do We Mix Together to make Insoluble Salts?
Theories of Acids and Bases
18: Chemical Tests
Testing For Gases
Testing for Water
Testing for Ions
Testing for Cations (Positive Ions) Using Sodium Hydroxide Solution
Unit Questions
Unit 3: Physical Chemistry
19: Energetics
Exothermic Reactions
Showing an Exothermic Change on an Energy Level Diagram
Endothermic Reactions
Showing an Endothermic Change on an Energy Level Diagram
Measuring Enthalpy Changes of Reactions
Calorimetry Experiments for Determining the Enthalpy Changes of Reactions
Working Out Enthalpy Changes for Reactions Involving Solutions Using Calorimetry Experiments
Why Do Reactions Either give Out or Absorb Heat?
Calculation of Enthalpy Changes of Reaction Using Bond Energies
20: Rates of Reaction
Experiments to Measure the Rate of Reaction
Changing the Surface Area of the Reactants
Changing the Concentration of the Reactants
Changing the Temperature of the Reaction
Changing the Pressure on the Reaction
Catalysts
How Does a Catalyst Work?
21: Reversible Reactions and Equilibria
Reversibility and Dynamic Equilibria
Reversible Reactions in a Sealed Container
The Position of Equilibrium
How to Predict the Effect of Changing Conditions on the Position of Equilibrium
An Example to Illustrate How Changing Reaction Conditions Can Affect the Position of Equilibrium in a Reversible Reaction
Unit Questions
Unit 4: Organic Chemistry
22: Introduction to Organic Chemistry
Hydrocarbons
Types of Formula for Organic Molecules
Naming Organic Compounds
Structural Isomerism
A Quick Introductory Look at the Alcohols
Some Chemical Reactions of Organic Compounds
23: Crude Oil
What is Crude Oil?
Separating Crude Oil
Uses of the Fractions
Environmental Problems Associated with the Burning of Fossil Fuels From Crude Oil
Cracking
24: Alkanes
Isomers of Alkanes
Homologous Series
Two Reactions of the Alkanes
25: Alkenes
Isomers
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
26: Alcohols
Drawing and Naming the Alcohols
The Oxidation of Ethanol
The Production of Ethanol
Comparing the two Methods of Producing Ethanol
27: Carboxylic Acids
Drawing and Naming the Carboxylic Acids
Acid Properties of the Carboxylic Acids
28: Esters
Making a Simple Ester: Ethyl Ethanoate
Drawing and Naming Esters
Uses of Esters
29: Synthetic Polymers
Addition Polymerisation
How to Deduce the Polymerisation Reaction for any Alkene
Working Out the Monomer for a Given Addition Polymer
Disposal of Addition Polymers
Condensation Polymerisation
Unit Questions
Appendices
Appendix A: Periodic Table
Appendix B: Command Words
Appendix C: A Guide to Practical questions
Glossary
Index
Back Cover