Learn to master radiography patient care with the book that covers it best! With step-by-step instructions and more than 400 full-color illustrations, Patient Care in Radiography, 10th Edition is the perfect resource to help teach you effective radiography patient care. Each chapter expertly guides you through the latest guidelines, carefully making the connection between the topics being discussed and how they relate to patient care. An emphasis is placed on the skills and procedures that are imperative for quality patient care — including safety, transfer, positioning, infection control, and patient assessment. Also included is information on microbiology, emerging diseases, trans-cultural communication, ECGs, administering medications, and bedside radiography to ensure you are well-versed in both the technical and interpersonal skills needed for professional practice.
New to this edition
NEW! New images highlight many patient procedures and visually demonstrate how to care for patients.
NEW! Updated content covers the most current exams, procedures, and technologies, as well as the most current information from the American Society of Radiologic Technologists.
Key Features
Coverage of patient care and procedural skills helps provide safe, high-quality patient care and technical proficiency.
Step-by-step procedures are shown in photo essays, demonstrated with more than 400 full-color illustrations.
Case studies focus on medicolegal terms, standards, and applications and help build problem-solving skills.
Coverage of infection control helps emphasize the importance of preventing the spread of diseases.
Special Imaging Modalities chapter provides an overview of patient care for a wide range of imaging methods.
Chapter outlines, objectives, key terms, summaries, review questions, and critical thinking exercises focus on the key information in each chapter.
Answers to the review questions are included in the back of the book.
Author Information
By Ruth Ann Ehrlich, Radiology Faculty (Retired), University of Western States, Portland, Oregon and Dawn M Coakes, BS, RT(R)(CT)
Author(s): Ruth Ann Ehrlich, Dawn M. Coakes
Edition: 10
Publisher: Elsevier, Mosby
Year: 2020
Language: English
Commentary: TRUE PDF
Tags: Radiography; Medical Imaging; Radiology
Front Cover
Patient Care In Radiography: With An Introduction To Medical Imaging
Copyright
REVIEWERS
Preface
New to this Edition
Key Features
Evolve: Online Resources
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CONTENTS
1 - Introduction to Radiography
1 - Introduction to Radiography
HISTORY
Discovery of X-Rays
X-Ray Pioneers
Early Radiographers
Radiography Education
OVERVIEW OF RADIOGRAPHIC PROCEDURE
X-RAY PRODUCTION
ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY
CHARACTERISTICS OF RADIATION
THE PRIMARY X-RAY BEAM
SCATTER RADIATION
RADIOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT
The X-Ray Tube
X-Ray Tube Housing
X-Ray Tube Support
Collimator
Radiographic Table
Grids and Buckys
Upright Image Receptor Units
Transformer
Control Console
FLUOROSCOPY
Fluoroscopic Equipment
Radiographer’s Duties in Fluoroscopic Examinations
2 - Image Quality Factors
FACTORS OF RADIOGRAPHIC EXPOSURE
Exposure Time
Milliamperage
Kilovoltage
Distance
Technique Charts
IMAGE RECEPTOR SYSTEMS
Computed Radiography
Digital Radiography
IMAGE QUALITY
Optical Density
Image Contrast
Image Detail
Distortion
DIGITAL PITFALLS
3 - Radiation Effects and Radiation Safety
RADIATION UNITS AND MEASUREMENT
BIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF RADIATION EXPOSURE
Short-Term Somatic Effects
Long-Term Somatic Effects
Genetic Effects
RADIATION SAFETY
Personnel Safety
Time
Distance
Shielding
Personal Monitoring
Effective Dose Limits
Patient Protection
Gonad Shielding
RADIATION AND PREGNANCY
Radiation and Pregnant Patients
Radiation and Pregnant Radiographers
4 - The Health Care Delivery System
TODAY’S HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM
Health Care Insurance and Benefit Systems
Health Care Facilities
THE HEALTH CARE TEAM
Physicians
Hospital Organization and Management
SERVICES AND ROLES IN THE IMAGING DEPARTMENT
RADIOGRAPHY AS A PROFESSION
Professionalism
Professional Organizations
Practice Standards
Education
Credentials
Continuing Education
Employment Outlook
Career Ladder
ACCREDITATION
5 - Professional Roles and Behaviors
JOB SATISFACTION
Self-Care
Empathetic Care
Burnout
Care of Supplies and Equipment
Participation in Professional Activities
PROFESSIONAL BEHAVIOR
Morals and Ethics
Standards of Ethics for Radiographers
ARRT Code of Ethics
Rules of Ethics
Ethical Principles and Theories
Resolving Ethical Conflicts
PATIENT RIGHTS
Considerate and Respectful Care
Information
Privacy and Confidentiality
Privacy
Confidentiality
Genetic Information
Informed Consent
Right to Refuse Treatment or Examination
Death With Dignity
LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS
Crimes: Felonies and Misdemeanors
Torts
Intentional Misconduct
Unintentional Misconduct
MEDICAL INFORMATION AND RECORDS
Hospital Computers
Charts
Medical Recording
Imaging Orders and Reports
Responsibilities for Record Keeping
DIAGNOSTIC IMAGES AS RECORDS
ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENT REPORTS
MALPRACTICE PREVENTION
2 -
Patient Care
6 - Professional Attitudes and Communications
ISSUES OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY
The Scope of Diversity
Culturally Significant Attitudes That Can Affect Communication
How Cultural Issues Can Affect Care
Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Relation to Diversity
COMMUNICATION SKILLS
Nonverbal Communication
Eye Contact
Touching
Appearance
Listening Skills
Verbal Skills
Attitude
Validation of Communication
Communication Under Stress
COMMUNICATION WITH PATIENTS
Addressing the Patient
Valid Choices
Avoiding Assumptions
Assessment Through Communication
Therapeutic Communication
SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES THAT AFFECT COMMUNICATION
Patients Who Do Not Speak English
The Hearing Impaired
Deafness
Impaired Vision
Inability to Speak
Impaired Mental Function
Altered States of Consciousness
AGE-SPECIFIC COMMUNICATION
Neonate and Infant (Birth to 1 Year)
Toddler (1–2 Years)
Preschooler (3–5 Years)
School Age (6–12 Years)
Adolescent (13–18 Years)
Young Adult (19–45 Years)
Middle Adult (46–64 Years)
Late Adult (65–79 Years) and Old Adult (80 Years and Older)
PATIENT EDUCATION
COMMUNICATION WITH PATIENTS’ FAMILIES
COMMUNICATION WITH COWORKERS
DEALING WITH DEATH AND LOSS
7 - Safety
FIRE SAFETY
Fire Prevention
Spontaneous Combustion
Open Flames
Smoking
Electrical Fires
Oxygen and Fire Hazards
Be Prepared
In Case of Fire
Fire Extinguishers
OTHER COMMON HAZARDS
Electric Shock
Falls and Collisions
Chemicals and Spills
Spills
Eye Splashes
WORKPLACE SAFETY
Ergonomics
Body Mechanics
8 - Patient Transfer
PATIENT TRANSFER CONSIDERATIONS
PREPARATION FOR TRANSFER
WHEELCHAIR TRANSFERS
Special Considerations for Wheelchair Transfers
Stroke
Fractures of the Lower Extremity
Joint Replacements
Spinal Trauma or Spinal Surgery
Patients Who Cannot Stand Safely
STRETCHER TRANSFERS
Draw Sheet Transfers
Slider Board Transfers
Sliding Mat Transfers
Safety Side Rails
9 - Infection Control Concepts
MICROORGANISMS
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Prions
Protozoa
CYCLE OF INFECTION
Infectious Organisms
Reservoir of Infection
Portal of Exit
Susceptible Host
Portal of Entry
TRANSMISSION OF DISEASE
Direct Contact
Fomites
Vectors
Vehicles
Droplet Contamination
Airborne Transmission
THE BODY’S DEFENSE AGAINST INFECTION
Natural Resistance
Acquired Immunity
Passive Immunity
10 - Preventing Disease Transmission
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Emerging Diseases
Health Care–Associated Infections
Bloodborne Pathogens
HIV and AIDS
Hepatitis
Management of Occupational Exposures to Bloodborne Pathogens
Tuberculosis
PREVENTING DISEASE TRANSMISSION
Historical Perspective
Standard Precautions
OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
Medical Asepsis
Hand Hygiene
Housekeeping
Handling and Disposing of Contaminated Items and Waste
Handling Linens
Disposing of Contaminated Waste
Isolation Technique
Transmission-Based Precautions
Radiography of Isolation Patients
Isolation Patients in the Radiology Department
Protective Precautions
11 - Surgical Asepsis
STERILIZATION
Chemical Sterilization
Autoclaving
Conventional Gas Sterilization
Gas Plasma Technology
Sterility Indicators
STERILE FIELDS
SKIN PREPARATION
STERILE SCRUBBING, GOWNING, AND GLOVING
Donning Surgical Attire
Surgical Hand Scrub
Traditional Method
Alcohol-Based Hand Rub Method
Gowning and Gloving
REMOVING AND APPLYING DRESSINGS
12 - Response to Patients’ Personal and Physical Needs
PERSONAL CONCERNS OF PATIENTS
PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS
Water
Elimination
Urinary Catheters and Collection Bags
Colostomy Care
Sanitary and Urinary Control Supplies
POSITIONING FOR SAFETY AND COMFORT
Body Positions
Support and Padding
CONSIDERATIONS FOR ELDERLY AND DEBILITATED PATIENTS
RESTRAINTS AND IMMOBILIZATION
Restraints
Immobilization
OBSERVATION FOR SIGNS OF ABUSE
Child Abuse
Elder Abuse
13 - Patient Assessment
PATIENT ASSESSMENT, AN ESSENTIAL SKILL
TAKING A HISTORY
Elements of a History
ASSESSING CURRENT PHYSICAL STATUS
Checking the Chart
Physical Appearance and Responses
Skin Color
Skin Temperature
Level of Consciousness
Breathing
Vital Signs
Temperature
Pulse
Respiration
Blood Pressure
COMMON LABORATORY TESTS FOR PATIENT ASSESSMENT
Complete Blood Count
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
Blood Clotting Assessments
Blood Chemistry Tests
Glucose
Cholesterol
BUN and Creatinine
Serum Bilirubin
ELECTRONIC PATIENT MONITORING
Pulse Oximeter
Electrocardiograph Monitors
Basic ECG Rhythm Recognition
Arterial Catheters
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY
14 - Medication Information
THE RADIOGRAPHER’S ROLE
MEDICATION NOMENCLATURE AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
MEDICATION PROPERTIES
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
Pharmacodynamics
MEDICATION EFFECTS
FREQUENTLY USED MEDICATIONS
Medications Used to Treat Allergic Reactions
Antimicrobials
Anticonvulsants
Antiarrhythmics
Analgesics
Sedatives and Tranquilizers
Antagonists
Local Anesthetics
Paralytic Agents
Hypoglycemic Agents
Antihypertensives
General Precautions
15 - Medication Administration
THE RADIOGRAPHER’S ROLE
Medication Orders
DOSAGE
Example
Example
Example
Example
ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION
Enteral Route: Oral, Rectal, and Nasogastric Tube
Medication Inhalation
Topical Route
Sublingual and Buccal Routes
Nonintravenous Parenteral Routes
Parenteral Injection Equipment
Preparation for Parenteral Administration
Nonintravenous Parenteral Injections
INTRAVENOUS ROUTE
Intravenous Infusions
Starting an IV Line
Medication Administration
Direct IV Injections
Monitoring IV Fluids
Extravasation
Discontinuing an IV Line
PRECAUTIONS FOR ALL INJECTIONS
CHARTING MEDICATIONS
16 - Emergency Response
EMERGENCIES
EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
TRAUMA UNITS
MULTIPLE EMERGENCIES
DISASTER RESPONSE
EMERGENCY CODE RESPONSE
Emergency Call Systems
Assisting the Emergency Response Team
Emergency Carts
PATIENT ASSESSMENT
OXYGEN AND SUCTION
Oxygen Administration
Suction
3 -
Patient Care in Specific Procedures and EnvironmentsDealing
17 - Dealing With Acute Situations
RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES
Airway Obstruction
Reactive Airway Disease
Pulmonary Embolism
CARDIAC EMERGENCIES
Acute Coronary Syndrome
Angina Pectoris
Myocardial Infarction
Cardiac Arrest
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Defibrillation
TRAUMA
Head Injuries
Spinal Injuries
Chest Injuries
Extremity Fractures
Wounds
Burns
SHOCK
Hypovolemic Shock
Septic Shock
Neurogenic Shock
Cardiogenic Shock
Allergic Shock or Anaphylaxis
Recognizing and Treating Shock
Syncope
Psychological Shock
MEDICAL EMERGENCIES
Reactions to Contrast Media
Drug Reactions
Diabetic Emergencies
Diabetes Insipidus
Diabetes Mellitus
Hypoglycemia
Cerebrovascular Accident
Seizures
Vertigo and Orthostatic Hypotension
Epistaxis
Nausea and Vomiting
18 - Preparation and Examination of the Gastrointestinal Tract
SCHEDULING AND SEQUENCING
ENSURING COMPLIANCE WITH PREPARATION ORDERS
PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATION
Diet
Cathartics
Suppositories
Cleansing Enemas
CONTRAST MEDIA AND OTHER DIAGNOSTIC AIDS FOR GASTROINTESTINAL EXAMINATIONS
Barium Sulfate
Iodinated Media
Air Contrast
Glucagon
UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL STUDIES
Routine Upper Gastrointestinal Series
Double-Contrast Upper Gastrointestinal Study
SMALL BOWEL STUDIES
Oral Method
Enteroclysis
EXAMINATIONS OF THE LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
Routine Barium Enema
Double-Contrast Barium Enema
Barium Enema Considerations and Precautions
Colon Enlargement
Potential Colon Perforation
Ostomies
Defecography
FOLLOW-UP CARE
19 - Contrast Media and Special Radiographic Techniques
CONTRAST MEDIA
Air and Gases
Iodinated Media
Iodinated Contrast Media Administration
Characteristics of Iodinated Media
Types of Iodinated Media
Pharmacodynamics and Adverse Responses
Precautions
CONTRAST EXAMINATIONS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
Excretory Urography
Cystography
Retrograde Urography
CONTRAST EXAMINATIONS OF THE BILIARY SYSTEM
Intravenous Cholangiography
T-Tube Cholangiography
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
OTHER CONTRAST EXAMINATIONS
Myelography
Contrast Arthrography
20 - Bedside Radiography: Special Conditions and Environments
MOBILE RADIOGRAPHY
SPECIAL CARE UNITS
Intensive Care and Coronary Care Units
Procedure
Post-Anesthesia Care Unit
Emergency Trauma Unit
Neonatal Intensive Care and Newborn Nursery
Procedure
TREATMENT SITUATIONS INVOLVING SPECIALTY EQUIPMENT
Special Beds and Mattresses
Orthopedic Traction
Tracheostomies
Mechanical Ventilation
Nasogastric and Nasoenteric Tubes
Closed Chest Drainage
Specialty Catheters
Pulmonary Artery Flow-Directed Catheters
Central Lines or Central Venous Catheters
Pacemakers
21 - Radiography in Surgery
SURGICAL SUITE
Surgical Access and Clothing
SURGICAL ENVIRONMENT
Surgical Team
Surgical Setup
SURGICAL PROCEDURES INVOLVING RADIOGRAPHY OR FLUOROSCOPY
Cholecystectomy
Open Fracture Reduction
Surgical Localization
Urologic Procedures
22 - Special Imaging Modalities
CARDIOVASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOGRAPHY
Angiography
Conventional Catheter Angiography
Digital Subtraction Angiography
Interventional Radiology
Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty
Transcatheter Embolization
Sclerotic Therapy and Radiofrequency Ablation
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Equipment
Applications
Contrast Computed Tomography Examinations
Computed Tomography Myelography
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Equipment
Applications
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Media
Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Spectroscopic Imaging
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Safety
Claustrophobia and Pain Management
ULTRASOUND IMAGING
Principles and General Applications
Obstetric Ultrasound
Trauma Applications
Doppler Ultrasound
Echocardiography
Internal Transducers
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound
NUCLEAR MEDICINE
Conventional Nuclear Medicine Techniques
Positron Emission Tomography
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
Fusion Imaging
MAMMOGRAPHY
ANSWER KEY
CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER 2
CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER 4
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 6
CHAPTER 7
CHAPTER 8
CHAPTER 9
CHAPTER 10
CHAPTER 11
CHAPTER 12
CHAPTER 13
CHAPTER 14
CHAPTER 15
CHAPTER 16
CHAPTER 17
CHAPTER 18
CHAPTER 19
CHAPTER 20
CHAPTER 21
CHAPTER 22
BIBLIOGRAPHY
A -
Informed Consent Form
B - Accepted Abbreviations and Descriptive Terms Used in Charting
C - Incident Report Form
D - Abbreviated List of Useful Clinical Phrases in Spanisha
SPANISH
E - Radiology Department Infection Control Procedures
Counters and Surfaces Frequently Contacted by Personnel Who Handle Patients
Closed Storage Areas Containing Linen and Nonsterile Medical Supplies
Lead Aprons and Gloves
Mobile X-Ray Machines
Wheelchairs and Stretchers
PERSONNEL PRACTICES
Hand Hygiene
Standard Precautions
Good Personal Hygiene
F
- Infection Control Guidelinesa
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTIONS
Airborne Precautions
Diseases Requiring Airborne Precautions
Precautions
Droplet Precautions
Diseases Requiring Droplet Precautions
Precautions
Contact Precautions
Diseases Requiring Contact Precautions
Precautions
G - Urine Collection
PROCEDURE FOR COLLECTING A URINE SPECIMEN
Supplies
Specimen Collection
Female
Male
H
- Iodinated Contrast Media Products for Radiography
I - Catheterization Technique
Female Catheterization Procedure
Prepare for Catheterization
Cleanse Genital Area
To Insert Catheter
If Specimen Is Needed
When Catheter Is Situated and Bladder Is Empty
To Remove Catheter
Male Catheterization Procedure
Prepare for Catheterization
Cleanse Penis
To Insert Catheter
If Specimen Is Needed
When Catheter Is Situated and Bladder Is Empty
To Remove Catheter
GLOSSARY
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
R
Q
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
INDEX
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
