This book provides clear understanding of morphological appearances of various glomerular lesions encountered in a wide range of diseases involving renal glomeruli. Chapters cover various diseases with each chapter including a brief text and multiple colored microphotographs depicting the distinctive morphological features of glomeruli as may be encountered in these diseases. It presents complete clinical history with thorough lab workup and other related investigations as considered essential for proper evaluation of the patient. The book provides systemic approach for proper diagnosis of the underlying disease condition in view of the clinical workup and renal biopsy assessment.
It provides visual understanding of the glomerular pathology that helps the consultant nephrologist to have a clear understanding of underlying renal disease thus helping in proper evaluation and appropriate therapeutic management of the patient. It may also guide to predict the likely prognostic outcome of the patient. This book is not only helpful to renal pathologists and nephrologists but also serves as a valuable resource for clear understanding of the glomerular lesions to the beginners and postgraduates in nephrology and renal pathology and other physicians managing the patients of renal diseases
Author(s): Pallav Gupta, Ramesh K. Gupta
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 314
City: Singapore
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
1: Evaluation of Renal Biopsy
1.1 Laboratory Procedure
1.2 Histopathological Evaluation
1.3 Glomerular Lesions
1.4 Renal Tubules
1.5 Renal Interstitium
1.6 Renal Vessels
1.7 Immunofluorescence and Immunohistochemistry
1.8 Electron Microscopy
1.9 Renal Biopsy Reporting
1.10 Distribution of Lesions in Renal Biopsy (Fig. 1.4)
1.11 Tubular Changes (Fig. 1.5)
1.12 Extent of Glomerular Involvement (Fig. 1.6)
1.13 Morphology of Normal Glomerulus (Fig. 1.7)
1.14 Common GBM Alterations in Diseases Involving Glomeruli (Fig. 1.8)
1.15 Location of Immune Deposits in GBM (Fig. 1.9)
1.16 Fibrin Thrombi and Segmental Fibrinoid Necrosis (Fig. 1.10)
1.17 Crescents (Fig. 1.11)
2: Minimal Change Disease (MCD)
Further Reading
3: Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
3.1 FSGS (NOS)
3.2 FSGS (Perihilar Variant)
3.3 FSGS (Cellular Variant)
3.4 FSGS (Tip Variant)
3.5 FSGS (Collapsing Variant)
3.6 Secondary FSGS (Fig. 3.5)
Further Reading
4: Membranous Glomerulopathy (MGN)
Further Reading
5: Immune Complex-Mediated MPGN (Previously MPGN Type I)
Further Reading
6: C3 Glomerulopathy
6.1 C3 Glomerulonephritis (Fig. 6.1)
6.2 Dense Deposit Disease (DDD) (Fig. 6.2)
6.3 Post-transplant Recurrent DDD (Fig. 6.3)
Further Reading
7: Infection Related Glomerulonephritis (IRGN)
7.1 Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis (PIGN) (Fig. 7.1)
7.2 IgA Dominant PIGN (Fig. 7.2)
Further Reading
8: IgA Nephropathy and IgA Vasculitis (Henoch–Schonlein Purpura)
8.1 IgA Nephropathy
8.2 IgA Vasculitis: Henoch–Schonlein Purpura (HSP)
Further Reading
9: Alport’s Syndrome and Thin Basement Membrane Disease
9.1 Alport’s Syndrome
9.2 Thin Basement Membrane Disease
Further Reading
10: Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome and Diffuse Mesangial Sclerosis
10.1 Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome
10.2 Diffuse Mesangial Sclerosis (DMS)
Further Reading
11: Lupus Nephritis and Lupus Podocytopathy
11.1 Lupus Nephritis
11.1.1 Lupus Nephritis Class I (Fig. 11.1)
11.1.2 Lupus Nephritis Class II (Fig. 11.2)
11.1.3 Lupus Nephritis Class III (Fig. 11.3)
11.1.4 Lupus Nephritis Class III + V (Fig. 11.4)
11.1.5 Lupus Nephritis Class IV (Fig. 11.5)
11.1.6 Lupus Nephritis Class IV (Fig. 11.6)
11.1.7 Lupus Nephritis Class IV (Immune Complex Mediated Crescentic Glomerulonephritis) (Fig. 11.7)
11.1.8 Lupus Nephritis Class IV + V (Fig. 11.8)
11.1.9 Lupus Nephritis Class V (Fig. 11.9)
11.2 Lupus Podocytopathy
Further Reading
12: Anti-GBM Disease
Further Reading
13: Pauci-immune Crescentic Glomerulonephritis
Further Reading
14: Postpartum Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Further Reading
15: Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
Further Reading
16: Diabetic Nephropathy
Further Reading
17: Renal Amyloidosis
Further Reading
18: Renal Involvement in Plasma Cell Dyscrasia
18.1 Myeloma Cast Nephropathy
18.2 Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposition Disease (MIDD)
18.2.1 Light Chain Deposition Disease (LCDD)
18.2.2 Heavy Chain Deposition Disease (HCDD)
18.3 Proliferative Glomerulonephritis with Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposits (PGNMID)
18.4 Monoclonal Gammopathy of Renal Significance (MGRS)
Further Reading
Myeloma Cast Nephropathy
Light Chain Deposition Disease (LCDD)
Heavy Chain Deposition Disease (HCDD)
Proliferative Glomerulonephritis with Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposits (PGNMID)
Monoclonal Gammopathy of Renal Significance (MGRS)
19: Cryoglobulinemic, Fibrillary, and Collagenofibrotic Glomerulopathy
19.1 Cryoglobulinemic Glomerulonephritis
19.2 Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis
19.3 Collagenofibrotic Glomerulopathy
Further Reading
Cryoglobulinemic Glomerulonephritis
Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis
Collagenofibrotic Glomerulopathy
20: Renal Involvement in Lysosomal Storage Disorders (Fabry’s Disease, Niemann–Pick Disease) and LCAT Deficiency
20.1 Fabry’s Disease
20.2 Niemann–Pick Disease
20.3 LCAT Deficiency
Further Reading
Fabry’s Disease
LCAT Deficiency Glomerulopathy
Niemann Pick Disease
21: Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis
21.1 Benign Nephrosclerosis
21.2 Malignant Nephrosclerosis
Further Reading
22: Renal Sarcoidosis
Further Reading
23: Renal Involvement in HIV
23.1 HIVAN
23.2 HIV-Associated Immune Complex (HIVIC) Mediated Kidney Disease
Further Reading
HIVAN
HIV Associated Crescentic Glomerulonephritis (Immune Complex Mediated)
24: Renal Involvement in Scleroderma
Further Reading
25: Warfarin-Induced Nephropathy
Further Reading
Appendices
Appendix 1: Staining Procedures
Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) Stain
Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) Stain
Masson’s Trichrome Stain (MT Stain)
Periodic Acid Silver Methenamine (PSM) Stain
Jones Methenamine Silver Stain
Orcein Stain
Congored Stain
Thyoflavin-T Staining
Perl’s Prussian Blue Staining for Iron
Ziehl Neelsen Stain for Acid-Fast Bacilli
Oil Red O Staining
Direct Immunofluorescence Staining on Frozen Sections
IF on Formalin Fixed Paraffin Sections
Immunostaining (IHC)
Transmission Electron Microscopy
Appendix 2: Biological Reference Ranges
