Passive Radar signifying the localisation of a target by radar measurements without using own controlled emissions has been discussed, tried, reinvented, and matured within the last 80 years. Its advantages, like covert operation and saving the costs of a transmitter, are obvious. Military as well as civilian interests combined with the advances in technological developments have recently boosted research on passive radar and passive radar systems are currently approaching the market. This tutorial shall give an overview of the history, development, and processing in passive radar and enable the interested reader to further investigate the subject exploiting the presented material together with the cited references.
Author(s): Heiner Kuschel, Diego Cristallini, Fraunhofer, Germany Karl Erik Olsen, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Norway
Publisher: IEEE
Year: 2019
Language: English
Pages: 18
Tags: radar, passive, bistatic, multistatic, geometry, target, Coherent, PCL, VHF, UHF, surveillance
I. INTRODUCTION
A. STRUCTURE OF THE TUTORIAL
II. NOMENCLATURE AND DEFINITIONS
III. HISTORY OF PASSIVE RADAR
IV. PASSIVE RADAR PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
A. TIME DIFFERENCE OF ARRIVAL MEASUREMENT
B. DOPPLER PROCESSING
C. PROCESSING SCHEMES
V. ILLUMINATORS OF OPPORTUNITY
A. CLASSES OF ILLUMINATORS
B. MODULATION PROPERTIES
C. ANTENNA ELEVATION CHARACTERISTICS
D. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MFN AND SFN
VI. BISTATIC RADAR
A. BISTATIC GEOMETRY
B. BISTATIC RANGE RESOLUTION
C. BISTATIC DOPPLER
D. BISTATIC RADAR EQUATION
E. OVALS OF CASSINI
F. TARGET GEO-LOCALIZATION THROUGH ELLIPSOIDS INTERSECTION
VII. PASSIVE RADAR PROCESSING
A. CROSS-CORRELATION
B. DETECTION IN PCL
C. TARGET RANGE/DOPPLER TRACKING
D. TARGET GEO-LOCALIZATION THROUGH RANGE AND DOA MEASUREMENTS
E. TARGET GEO-LOCALIZATION THROUGH ELLIPSOIDS INTERSECTION
F. DIRECT CARTESIAN TRACKING
VIII. PERSPECTIVES
A. DOPPLER ONLY TRACKING
B. PCL ON MOBILE PLATFORMS
C. EMERGING TECHNOLOGY
IX. CONCLUSION
X. RECOMMENDED FURTHER READING
REFERENCES
