Papua New Guinea (PNG), a nation of now almost nine million people, continues to evolve and adapt. While there is no shortage of recent data and research on PNG, the two most recent social science volumes on the country were both written more than a decade ago. Since then, much has changed and much has been learnt. What has been missing is a volume that brings together the most recent research and reports on the most recent data. Papua New Guinea: Government, Economy and Society fills that gap. Written by experts at the University of Papua New Guinea and The Australian National University among others, this book provides up-to-date surveys of critical policy issues for PNG across a range of fields, from elections and politics, decentralisation, and crime and corruption, to PNG’s economic trajectory and household living standards, to uneven development, communication and the media. The volume’s authors provide an overview of the data collected and research undertaken in these various fields in an engaging and accessible way. Edited by Professor Stephen Howes and Professor Lekshmi N. Pillai, Papua New Guinea: Government, Economy and Society is a must-read for students, policymakers and anyone interested in understanding this complex and fascinating country.
Author(s): Stephen Howes, Lekshmi N. Pillai
Series: Pacific Series
Publisher: ANU Press
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 278
City: Canberra
Acronyms
List of figures
Figure 2.1: Electoral quality internationally.
Figure 2.2: Voter participation.
Figure 2.3: 2017 voter participation by region.
Figure 2.4: Average candidates per electorate by region.
Figure 2.5: Minimum, median and maximum winning candidate vote shares over time.
Figure 2.6: Incumbent turnover over time.
Figure 2.7: Number of women elected in general elections.
Figure 2.8: Share of votes that were invalid.
Figure 2.9: Quality of governance under SMDP (1996–2006) and under LPV (2007–18).
Figure 2.10: Clientelism in PNG and internationally.
Figure 2.11: MPs and ministers by party in 2019.
Figure 2.12: Length of prime ministers’ tenure.
Figure 4.1: Growth of licensed security companies.
Figure 4.2: Number of licensed guards.
Figure 4.3: Funding for five anti-corruption organisations, 2008–22 (2021 prices).
Figure 5.1: Population, 1975–2020.
Figure 5.2: Resource dependency, 1980–2019.
Figure 5.3: Agriculture and manufacturing as a share of non-resource GDP, 1980–2019.
Figure 5.4: GDP deflators and CPI index, 1983–2019.
Figure 5.5: Ratio of CPI to non-resource GDP deflator, 1983–2019.
Figure 5.6: Annual real GDP growth, 1977–2019.
Figure 5.7: GDP (from 1976) and non-resource GDP (from 1983) per capita, with different deflators, to 2019.
Figure 5.8: Non-resource GDP per capita and the four sub-periods of PNG’s economic history post-independence, 1983–2019.
Figure 5.9: Commodity exports as a percentage of GDP, 1976–2019.
Figure 5.10: The composition of commodity exports by value, 1976–2019.
Figure 5.11: Export volume indices of copra, copra oil, rubber, tea, cocoa and coffee, 1976–2019.
Figure 5.12: Export volume indices of marine products, palm oil and logs, 1976–2019.
Figure 5.13: Composition of non-resource commodity exports by value, 1976–78 and 2017–19.
Figure 5.14: Resource export volume indices, 1976–2019.
Figure 5.15: Composition of resource commodity exports by value, 1976–78 and 2017–19.
Figure 5.16: PNG’s commodity export terms of trade, 1975–2019.
Figure 5.17: USD price indices of some important commodities, 1976–2019.
Figure 5.18: The value of resource, agricultural, timber and marine exports (Kina billion in 2012 prices), 1977–2019.
Figure 5.19: Formal sector employment, totals and population percentage, 1975–2019.
Figure 5.20: Formal employment by sector, 1978–2019.
Figure 5.21: Urban and rural minimum weekly wage (Kina per week in 2012 prices), 1977–2019.
Figure 5.22: Exports, imports and the current account balance (% GDP), 1976–2019.
Figure 5.23: The PGK–AUD and PGK–USD exchange rates, 1975–2019.
Figure 5.24: Real effective exchange rate index, 1980–2019.
Figure 5.25: Foreign exchange (FX) reserves, 1975–2019.
Figure 5.26: Government revenue and expenditure (% GDP), 1976–2019.
Figure 5.27: Non-resource revenue, resource revenue and aid (% GDP), 1976–2019.
Figure 5.28: (Non) resource revenue as a percentage of (non) resource GDP, 1980–2019.
Figure 5.29: Deficits/GDP (%), 1976–2019.
Figure 5.30: Debt/GDP, debt/revenue and interest/revenue (%), 1976–2019.
Figure 5.31: Domestic and foreign debt as percentages of total, 1975–2019.
Figure 5.32: Resource revenues and trust fund balances (% GDP), 1976–2019.
Figure 5.33: Inflation and currency depreciation, 1976–2019.
Figure 5.34: Deposits and lending ratios (% GDP), 1976–2019.
Figure 5.35: Banks’ liquid asset ratios: Actual and statutory minimum, 1976–2019.
Figure 5.36: Weighted average lending and deposit rates and spreads, 1976–2019.
Figure 7.1: Percentage of urbanites: PNG, Melanesia and Oceania.
Figure 8.1: Mobile telephones in use in PNG over time.
List of tables
Table 2.1: Candidate numbers over time.
Table 3.1: Decentralisation legislation in PNG: A chronology from 1995 onwards.
Table 3.2: PNG’s subnational governments.
Table 6.1: Share of urban and rural population according to the three DHSs (1996–2018, %).
Table 6.2: Engagement in non-agricultural economic activity (1996–2018, %).
Table 6.3: Household durable goods (1996–2018, %).
Table 6.4: Household floor quality and crowding (1996–2018).
Table 6.5: Household electrification, drinking water and sanitation (1996–2018, %).
Table 6.6: School attendance (1996–2018, %).
Table 6.7: Highest educational attainment (1996–2018, %).
Table 6.8: Access to mass media (1996–2018, %).
Table 6.9: Childhood mortality rates (1996–2018, per 1,000).
Table 6.10: Child health (1996–2018).
Table 6.11: Fertility rates and preferences (1996–2018).
Table 6.12: Household composition (1996–2018).
Table 6.13: Marriage and childbearing (1996–2018).
Table 6.14: Women’s reproductive health and care (1996–2018).
Table A.1: Definitions and data notes.
1. Introduction
Part I: Politics and Governance
2. Elections and politics
3. Decentralisation: A political analysis
4. Crime and corruption
Part II: The Economy
5. PNG’s economic trajectory: The long view
6. Have living standards improved in PNG over the last two decades? Evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys
Part III: Society
7. Uneven development and its effects: Livelihoods and urban and rural spaces in Papua New Guinea
8. Communication, information and the media
Contributors
Пустая страница
Пустая страница
