Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Revision Study Guide

Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
1 Facial Aesthetics
1.1 What Causes Facial Ageing
1.2 General Assessment
1.3 Middle Third Ageing
1.4 Assessment
1.5 Nose
1.6 Botulinum Toxin (Botox)
1.7 Types
1.8 Indications
1.9 Chemical Peels
1.10 Microdermabrasion
1.11 Hair Restoration
1.12 Rhinoplasty
1.13 Nasal Tripod
1.14 Tip Correction
1.15 Dorsum
1.16 Nasal Valves
1.17 Grafts
1.18 Saddle Nose
1.19 Twisted Nose
1.20 Blepharoplasty
1.21 Assessment
1.22 Brow Lifts
1.23 Rhytidectomy
1.24 Ears
1.25 Fillers
1.26 Fat Augmentation
1.27 Laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation)
1.28 Facial Scars
2 Orthognathic Surgery
2.1 Vertical Anteroposterior (AP) Transverse
2.2 Transverse View (Intraoral Evaluation)
2.3 Special Investigations
2.4 Management Sequence
2.5 Cephalometric Measurements (Fig. 2.3)
2.6 Pre-surgical Orthodontics
2.7 Hierarchy of Stability: (Profitt/Turvey 2007)
2.8 Surgical Planning
2.9 Classical Patterns (Table 2.1)
2.10 Physiological Changes
2.11 Consent
2.12 Maxillary Surgery
2.13 Surgical Techniques to Prevent Bleeding
2.14 Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (SARPE)
2.15 Le Fort I Osteotomy
2.16 Mandibular Surgery
2.17 Anatomy
2.18 Mandibular Osteotomies
2.19 Bilateral sagittal Split Osteotomy (BSSO)
2.20 Genioplasty
2.21 Soft Tissue Planning
2.22 Stability
2.23 Anterior Open Bite (AOB)
2.24 Facial Asymmetry
2.25 Condylar Hyperactivity (CH)
2.26 Progressive Condylar Resorption (PCR)
2.27 Vertical Maxillary Excess (VME)
2.28 Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA)
2.29 Macroglossia
3 Vascular Anomalies
3.1 Vascular Tumours
3.2 Lymphatic Malformation (LM)
3.3 Capillary Malformation (CM)
3.4 AV Malformation
4 Facial Pain
5 Cleft Lip and Palate
5.1 Cleft Embryology
5.2 Neonatal Care
6 Oral Medicine
6.1 Oral Ulceration
6.2 Recurrent Oral Ulceration
6.3 Classification
6.4 Other Topical Treatments Include
6.5 Cochrane Review (2012)
6.6 Behcet’s Syndrome
6.7 Lichen Planus
6.8 Epidemiology
6.9 Clinical Features
6.10 Histology
6.11 Treatment
6.12 Other Factors
6.13 Topical Corticosteroids
6.14 Review Intervals
6.15 Prognosis
6.16 Lichenoid Reaction
6.17 Desquamative Gingivitis
6.18 Ulcerative Conditions—Underlying Causes
6.19 Traumatic Ulceration
6.20 Traumatic Eosinophilic Ulceration
6.21 Erythema Multiforme
6.22 Reactive Arthritis (Reiter’s Syndrome)
6.23 Tuberculosis
6.24 Opportunistic Fungal Infections
6.25 Deep Fungal Infections
6.26 Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA)
6.27 Acute Necrotising Ulcerative Gingivitis
6.28 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
6.29 Graft-Versus-Host Disease
6.30 Oral Candidal Infections
6.31 Geographic Tongue
6.32 White Sponge Naevus (Cannon’s Disease)
6.33 Fordyce Granules
6.34 Oral Hairy Leukoplakia
6.35 HIV
6.36 Nicotinic Stomatitis
6.37 Actinic Cheilitis
6.38 Erythroplakia
6.39 Pyogenic Granuloma/Pregnancy Epulis
6.40 Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma
6.41 Vesiculobullous Disease
6.42 Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
6.43 Bullous Pemphigoid
6.44 Pemphigus Vulgaris
6.45 Angina Bullosa Haemorrhagica
6.46 Linear IgA Disease
6.47 Dermatitis Herpetiformis
6.48 Herpangina
6.49 Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
6.50 Varicella Zoster—Human Herpes Virus Type 3
6.51 Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
6.52 Epstein-Barr Virus
6.53 Verrucopapillary Lesions
6.54 Squamous Papilloma (Oral Wart, Verruca Vulgans)
6.55 Papillary Hyperplasia
6.56 Condylomata Lata
6.57 Condylomata Acuminata
6.58 Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia (Heck’s Disease)
6.59 Keratoacanthoma
6.60 Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia
6.61 Verrucous Carcinoma
6.62 Verrucous Xanthoma
6.63 Pigmented Lesions
6.64 Melanotic Macule
6.65 Melanocytic Naevus
6.66 Smoker’s Melanosis
6.67 Amalgam Tattoo
6.68 Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumour in Infancy
6.69 Orofacial Granulomatosis
6.70 Heerfordt Syndrome
6.71 Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome
6.72 Angioedema
7 Trauma
7.1 Maxillofacial Trauma
8 Miscellaneous Topics
8.1 How to Read a Paper
8.2 Clinical Governance/Audit/Management
8.3 Consent
8.4 Nice—Guidance Healthcare Associated Infections
9 Head and Neck Part 1
9.1 Tumour Assessment/Staging-Radiology
9.2 Nutrition
9.3 Restorative/Oral Rehabilitation
9.4 Quality of Life
9.5 Prognostic Markers
9.6 Neck Disease
9.7 Complications of Neck Dissection
9.8 Chyle Leak (See Nutrition Section for More Info)
10 Head and Neck Cancer Part 2
10.1 Maxillary
10.2 Unknown Primary
10.3 Skull Base
10.4 Radiotherapy
11 Head and Neck Reconstruction
11.1 Oral Soft Tissues
11.2 Mandibular Reconstruction
11.3 Oropharyngeal Reconstruction
12 Craniofacial Surgery
12.1 Cranial Base
12.2 Nasomaxilla
12.3 Mandible
12.4 Clinical Evaluation of Growth
12.5 Craniosynostosis
12.6 Aetiology/Pathogenesis
12.7 Average % Growth Completion
12.8 Non-syndromic
12.9 Principles
12.10 Positional Plagiocephaly
12.11 Frontal Plagiocephaly (Unilateral Coronal)
12.12 Brachycephaly (Bicoronal)
12.13 Metopic Synostosis/Trigonocephaly
12.14 Sagittal Craniosynostosis (Scaphocephaly)
12.15 Unilateral Lambdoid/Occipital/Posterior Plagiocephaly
12.16 Lambdoid Suture
12.17 Cloverleaf—Pan Synostosis
12.18 Surgical Management Considerations
12.19 Timing Surgery
12.20 Fronto-Orbital Advancement
12.21 Monobloc/Frontofacial Advancement
12.22 Syndromic Craniosynostosis
12.23 Clinical Examination (Top to Bottom)
12.24 Why Treat?
12.25 Operations
12.26 Crouzon Syndrome
12.27 Pfeiffer Syndrome
12.28 Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome
12.29 Pierre Robin Sequence
12.30 Treacher Collins Syndrome
12.31 Orbital Dystopia
12.32 Hemifacial Microsomia
12.33 Management
12.34 Distraction Osteogenesis
13 Skin Surgery
13.1 Benign Skin Lesions
13.2 Basal Cell Carcinoma
13.3 Squamous Cell Carcinoma
13.4 Cutaneous Melanoma
14 Oral Surgery
14.1 Management Medically Compromised Patients
14.2 Third Molars
14.3 Winter’s Lines (War Lines)
14.4 Oral Surgery—Nerve Damage
14.5 Nerve Injuries Occur on Continuum of Severity
14.6 Dentoalveolar Surgery of Orthodontics
14.7 Fascial Spaces
14.8 Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of The Jaw (MRONJ)
14.9 Implants
15 TMJ Surgery
15.1 TMJ Anatomy
15.2 TMJ Disorders
15.3 Non-surgical Options
15.4 Surgery: Goals/Criteria for Surgery
15.5 Indications for TMJ Surgery
15.6 Open Joint
15.7 TMJ Reconstruction
15.8 TMJ Ankylosis
15.9 TMJ Dislocation
16 Clinical Examinations
16.1 Orthognathic
16.2 Head and Neck Exam
16.3 Cutaneous Lesion
16.4 Salivary Gland
16.5 TMJ/Facial Pain
17 Neck Lumps
18 Applied Head and Neck Anatomy
18.1 Third Cranial Nerve–Oculomotor (CNIII) Palsy
18.2 Orbital Anatomy
18.3 Pterygopalatine Fossa
19 Salivary Glands
19.1 Overview of Salivary Glands
19.2 Facial Nerve
20 Oral Pathology
20.1 Classic Appearance of Jaw Lesions
20.2 Dentigerous Cyst/Eruption Cyst
20.3 Radicular Cyst
20.4 Nasopalatine Duct Cyst
20.5 Stafne Bone Cyst
20.6 Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
20.7 Solitary (Traumatic) Cyst
20.8 Odontogenic Tumours
20.9 Ameloblastoma
20.10 Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumour (Pindborg)
20.11 Squamous Odontogenic Tumour
20.12 Odontoameloblastoma
20.13 Calcifying Cystic Odontogenic Tumour
20.14 Odontogenic Fibroma
20.15 Clear Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma
20.16 Ameloblastic Fibrosarcoma (Malignant)
20.17 Fibrous Dysplasia
20.18 Cherubism
20.19 Hyperparathyroidism
20.20 Paget’s Disease/Osteitis Deformans
20.21 Ossifying Fibroma
20.22 Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia Cementoma
20.23 Osteogenesis Imperfecta
20.24 Bone Tumours
20.25 Osteoma
20.26 Gardner Syndrome
20.27 Osteoblastoma/Osteoid Osteoma
20.28 Osteosarcoma
20.29 Chondroma
20.30 Chondrosarcoma
20.31 Ewing Sarcoma
20.32 Multiple Myeloma
20.33 Central Giant Cell Granuloma
20.34 Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis