Optical Fiber Sensors for the Next Generation of Rehabilitation Robotics

Front Cover
Optical Fiber Sensors for the Next Generation of Rehabilitation Robotics
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Part I Introduction to soft robotics and rehabilitation systems
1 Introduction and overview of wearable technologies
1.1 Motivation
1.2 Wearable robotics and assistive devices
1.3 Wearable sensors and monitoring devices
1.4 Outline of the book
References
2 Soft wearable robots
2.1 Soft robots: definitions and (bio)medical applications
2.2 Soft robots for rehabilitation and functional compensation
2.3 Human-in-the-loop design of soft structures and healthcare systems
2.3.1 Human-in-the-loop systems
2.3.2 Human-in-the-loop applications and current trends
2.3.3 Human-in-the-loop design in soft wearable robots
2.4 Current trends and future approaches in wearable soft robots
References
3 Gait analysis: overview, trends, and challenges
3.1 Human gait
3.2 Gait cycle: definitions and phases
3.2.1 Kinematics and dynamics of human gait
3.3 Gait analysis systems: fixed systems and wearable sensors
References
Part II Introduction to optical fiber sensing
4 Optical fiber fundaments and overview
4.1 Historical perspective
4.2 Light propagation in optical waveguides
4.3 Optical fiber properties and types
4.4 Passive and active components in optical fiber systems
4.4.1 Light sources
4.4.2 Photodetectors
4.4.3 Optical couplers
4.4.4 Optical circulators
4.4.5 Spectrometers and optical spectrum analyzers
4.5 Optical fiber fabrication and connection methods
4.5.1 Fabrication methods
4.5.2 Optical fiber connectorization approaches
References
5 Optical fiber materials
5.1 Optically transparent materials
5.2 Viscoelasticity overview
5.3 Dynamic mechanical analysis in polymer optical fibers
5.3.1 DMA on PMMA solid core POF
5.3.2 Dynamic characterization of CYTOP fibers
5.4 Influence of optical fiber treatments on polymer properties
References
6 Optical fiber sensing technologies
6.1 Intensity variation sensors
6.1.1 Macrobending sensors
6.1.2 Light coupling-based sensors
6.1.3 Multiplexed intensity variation sensors
6.2 Interferometers
6.3 Gratings-based sensors
6.4 Compensation techniques and cross-sensitivity mitigation in optical fiber sensors
References
Part III Optical fiber sensors in rehabilitation systems
7 Wearable robots instrumentation
7.1 Optical fiber sensors on exoskeleton's instrumentation
7.2 Exoskeleton's angle assessment applications with intensity variation sensors
7.2.1 Case study: active lower limb orthosis for rehabilitation (ALLOR)
7.2.2 Case study: modular exoskeleton
7.3 Human-robot interaction forces assessment with Fiber Bragg Gratings
7.4 Interaction forces and microclimate assessment with intensity variation sensors
References
8 Smart structures and textiles for gait analysis
8.1 Optical fiber sensors for kinematic parameters assessment
8.1.1 Intensity variation-based sensors for joint angle assessment
8.1.2 Fiber Bragg gratings sensors with tunable filter interrogation for joint angle assessment
8.2 Instrumented insole for plantar pressure distribution and ground reaction forces evaluation
8.2.1 Fiber Bragg grating insoles
8.2.2 Multiplexed intensity variation-based sensors for smart insoles
8.3 Spatiotemporal parameters estimation using integrated optical fiber sensors
References
9 Soft robotics and compliant actuators instrumentation
9.1 Series elastic actuators instrumentation
9.1.1 Torque measurement with intensity variation sensors
9.1.2 Torque measurement with intensity variation sensors
9.2 Tendon-driven actuators instrumentation
9.2.1 Artificial tendon instrumentation with highly flexible optical fibers
References
Part IV Case studies and additional applications
10 Wearable multifunctional smart textiles
10.1 Optical fiber embedded-textiles for physiological parameters monitoring
10.1.1 Breath and heart rates monitoring
10.1.2 Body temperature assessment
10.2 Smart textile for multiparameter sensing and activities monitoring
10.3 Optical fiber-embedded smart clothing for mechanical perturbation and physical interaction detection
References
11 Smart walker's instrumentation and development with compliant optical fiber sensors
11.1 Smart walkers' technology overview
11.2 Smart walker embedded sensors for physiological parameters assessment
11.2.1 System description
11.2.2 Preliminary validation
11.2.3 Experimental validation
11.3 Multiparameter quasidistributed sensing in a smart walker structure
11.3.1 Experimental validation
11.3.2 Experimental validation
References
12 Optical fiber sensors applications for human health
12.1 Robotic surgery
12.2 Biosensors
12.2.1 Introduction to biosensing
12.2.2 Background on optical fiber biosensing working principles
12.2.2.1 Evanescent wave
12.2.2.2 SPR and LSPR
12.2.2.3 Gratings-assisted sensors
12.2.2.4 Other fibers
12.2.3 Biofunctionalization strategies for fiber immunosensors
12.2.3.1 Bare silica optical fiber
12.2.3.2 Polymer optical fiber
12.2.3.3 Metal coated fibers
12.2.3.4 Carbon-based materials as fiber coating
12.2.3.5 Oxide semiconductors
12.2.4 Immunosensing applications in medical biomarkers detection
12.2.4.1 Cancer biomarkers
12.2.4.2 Cardiac biomarkers
12.2.4.3 Cortisol biomarker
12.2.4.4 Cortisol biomarker
References
13 Conclusions and outlook
13.1 Summary
13.2 Final remarks and outlook
Index
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