This book is a comprehensive source of authoritative information on the subject of ocular and adnexal lymphoma. It is a completely updated edition of its predecessor and is a conjoint effort of ocular oncologists, general oncologists, and pathologists. The book features contributions from around the world to ensure broad coverage of an evolving topic.
Chapters cover all aspects of ocular lymphomas, including clinical features, classification, epidemiology, diagnostic evaluation, biopsy techniques, histology and molecular pathology, staging procedures, and treatment methods. The emphasis throughout is on easy readability, and the layout ensures rapid retrieval of information. The book offers a clear distinction of what has been updated in the years since the first edition published, including entirely rewritten or revamped chapters. In order to convey fundamental concepts, numerous tables, clinical photographs, histopathologic microphotographs, and imaging studies (fluorescein and indocyanine angiograms, ultrasonograms, CT scans, and MR images) are included.
Ocular and Adnexal Lymphoma strives to cover new developments and innovations in ocular and adnexal lymphoma, providing the clinician with a review and summary of recent research and its implications for clinical practice and explaining how research results impact diagnostics, treatment options and procedures as well as patient management.
Author(s): Vishal R. Raval, Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, Arun D. Singh
Series: Essentials in Ophthalmology
Edition: 2
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 107
City: Cham
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
1: Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: Terminology and Outcome Measures
Introduction
Terminology
Outcomes
Primary Outcome
Secondary Outcome: Progression-Free Survival (PFS)
Tertiary Outcome: Overall Survival (OS)
Conclusions
References
2: Epidemiological Aspects of Intraocular Lymphoma
Introduction
Ocular Adnexal Lymphoma
Anatomic Location
Pathological Subtypes
Incidence
Age
Gender
Laterality
Risk Factors
Infectious Agents
Autoimmune Disorders and Immunodeficiency Disorders
Intraocular Lymphoma
Incidence
Risk Factors
Age
Gender
Ethnicity
Immunodeficiency
References
3: Ocular and Adnexal Lymphoma: Pathogenesis and Pathology
Introduction
Intraocular Lymphoma
Primary Uveal Lymphoma
Ocular Adnexal Lymphoma
Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma (ENMZL) of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)
Pathogenesis and Etiology
Other Subtypes of Ocular Adnexal Lymphoma
Conclusions
References
4: Mutational Profile of Ocular Lymphoma
Introduction
Definition of Ocular Lymphoma
Mutational Profile of Intraocular Lymphoma
Mutational Profile of Ocular Adnexal Lymphoma
Conclusions
References
5: Ocular Adnexal Lymphoma: Clinical Presentation and Imaging Studies
Introduction
Classification
Ann Arbor Staging System [4]
American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Classification [5]
Primary Tumor (T)
Lymph Node Involvement (N)
Distal Metastasis (M)
Lugano Classification [7]
Limited
Advanced
LYRIC (Lymphoma Response to Immunomodulatory Therapy Criteria) Classification [8]
Indeterminate Response (IR)
Conjunctival OAL
Orbital OAL
Lacrimal Gland Lymphoma
Eyelid OAL
Lacrimal sac OAL
Association with Intraocular Lymphoma
Systemic Association
Imaging
Conclusion
References
6: Intraocular Lymphoma: Clinical Presentation and Imaging Studies
Primary Vitreoretinal Lymphoma/PCNSL-O
Introduction
Epidemiology
Clinical Presentation
Diagnosis
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
Fundus Autofluorescence (FAF)
B-scan Ultrasound (USG)
Fundus Fluorescein Angiography (FA)
Indocyanine Green Angiography (ICGA)
Disease Staging
Diagnostic Biopsy
Differential Diagnosis
Primary Uveal Lymphoma
Introduction
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Conclusion
References
7: Intraocular Lymphoma: Biopsy Techniques
Background and Planning
Vitreous Biopsy
Techniques
Specimen Division and Processing
Diagnostic Testing
Diagnostic Yield
Chorioretinal Biopsy
Techniques
Fine-Needle Aspiration
Transvitreal Chorioretinal Biopsy
External Chorioretinal Biopsy
Diagnostic Yield
References
8: Vitreoretinal Lymphoma: Intraocular Therapy
Introduction
Intravitreal Chemotherapy
Intravitreal Methotrexate
Intravitreal Rituximab
Other Drugs for Intravitreal Chemotherapy
Investigational Drugs for Intravitreal Injections
Summary
References
9: Ocular and Adnexal Lymphoma: Radiation Indications and Techniques
Introduction
Radiation Approach
Anterior Orbital Lymphoma
Conjunctival and Nasolacrimal Duct Lymphoma
Eyelid Lymphoma
Mid and Posterior Orbital Lymphoma
Indications, Efficacy, and Complications
Adnexal Lymphoma
Primary Intraocular Lymphoma
Conclusions
References
10: Ocular Adnexal Lymphoma: Systemic Therapy and Clinical Trials
Introduction
Epidemiological Aspects
Etiology and Pathogenesis: B-Cell Biology and Lymphomagenesis
Classification
Clinical Features
Symptoms
Signs
Diagnostic Evaluation
Local Imaging Studies
Staging Procedures
Differential Diagnosis
Pathologic Features
Rare Variants
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Rosai-Dorfman Syndrome
T-Cell Lymphoma
Burkitt Lymphoma
Treatment
Surgery
Cryotherapy
Radiation
Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy
Interferon
Rituximab
Antimicrobial Treatment
Prognosis
Future Research
References
11: Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: Neuro-Oncologic Approach
Introduction
Initial Diagnosis of CNS Lymphoma
Differentiating Primary and Secondary CNS Lymphoma
Prognosis and Goal of Treatment
Immunocompetent Patient with PCNSL
Special Considerations for PCNSL in the Elderly
Immunosuppressed Patient with PCNSL
HIV-Associated PCNSL
Iatrogenic Immunosuppression-Related PCNSL
Recurrent PCNSL
PCNSL with Leptomeningeal Involvement
Diagnosis and Management of Neurological Complications of Treatment for PCNSL
References
Index
