In this new edition of his popular textbook, Nonprofit Organizations: Theory, Management, Policy, Helmut K. Anheier has fully updated, revised and expanded his comprehensive introduction to this field. The text takes on an international and comparative dimensions perspective, detailing the background and concepts behind these organizations and examining relevant theories and central issues.
Anheier covers the full range of nonprofit organizations – service providers, membership organizations, foundations, community groups – in different fields, such as arts and culture, social services and education. He introduces central terms such as philanthropy, charity, community, social entrepreneurship, social investment, public good and civil society, whilst explaining how the field spills over from public management, through nonprofit management and public administration.
The previous edition won the Best Book Award at the American Academy of Management in 2006. Nonprofit Organizations: Theory, Management, Policy is an ideal resource for students on undergraduate and postgraduate courses in both Europe and North America.
Author(s): Helmut K. Anheier
Edition: 3
Publisher: Routledge
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 622
City: London
Cover
Half Title
Epigraph
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Figures
Tables
Boxes
Preface
Acknowledgments
Part I Studying Nonprofit Organizations
Chapter 1 Studying Nonprofit Organizations
A Sector Rich in Organizational Forms and Activities
An Emerging Sector, an Emerging Field of Study
Studying Nonprofit and Voluntary Associations: A Brief History
Overview
Part I: Studying Nonprofit Organizations
Chapter 2: Historical Background
Chapter 3: Concepts
Chapter 4: Dimensions
Part II: Approaches
Chapter 5: Theories of Nonprofit Organizations
Chapter 6: Approaches to Giving and Philanthropy
Chapter 7: Studying Civic Engagement and Volunteering
Chapter 8: Social Entrepreneurship and Social Innovation
Part III: Organization and Management
Chapter 9: Organizational Behavior and Performance
Chapter 10: Management Approaches and Tools
Chapter 11: Financing Nonprofit Organizations
Chapter 12: Governance
Chapter 13: Leadership and Human Resources
Chapter 14: Marketing, Communication, and Social Media
Chapter 15: Collaboration
Part IV: Policy and Current Developments
Chapter 16: State–Nonprofit Relations
Chapter 17: Advocacy and Lobbying
Chapter 18: Longer-Term Developments and Current Trends
Conclusion
Review Questions
References
Chapter 2 Historical Background
Introduction
The Emergence of the Nonprofit Sector in the US
Civil Society as Associationalism
State–Society Relations
How the History of the Nonprofit Sector in the US Differs From Other Countries
The UK
Canada
Australia
France and Germany
Sweden
Japan
Brazil
Egypt
Ghana
India
China
Russia
Conclusion
Review Questions
References
Chapter 3 Concepts
The Nonprofit Sector
Different Approaches
The Legal Definition
The Functional Definition
The Economic Definition
The Structural-Operational Definition
Basic Forms and Variations
Associations
Foundations
Corporations
Special Cases
Special Characteristics
Which Definition Is the Right One?
Classification
Concepts Related to the Nonprofit Sector
Civil Society
Philanthropy
Social Movements
Social Capital
Social Investment
Social Economy
Social Entrepreneurship
Social Enterprise
Hybrid Organizations
Conclusion
Review Questions
References
Chapter 4 Dimensions
Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector
Liberal Market Economies
The United States
Scale
Employment and Expenditures
Composition
Revenue
Wages and Workforce
Change
Canada
United Kingdom
Australia
Coordinated Market Economies
France
Germany
Italy
Japan
Sweden
Emerging Market Economies
Brazil
China
India
Mexico
Russia
South Africa
Comparative Aspects
Size: Wide Variations Among Countries and Regions
Composition: Social Welfare Services Dominate
Revenue: A Mixed Economy
Individual Giving
The United States
Individual Giving Elsewhere
“High Net Worth” Giving
Foundations
United States
Comparative Profile of Foundations
Civic Engagement
Formal Volunteering
Formal Volunteering in the United States
Formal Volunteering Elsewhere
Informal Volunteering and Caring
Membership
International Activities
The Rise of International Nongovernmental Organizations
International Philanthropy
Review Questions
Note
References
Part II Approaches
Chapter 5 Theories of Nonprofit Organizations
What Is to Be Explained? The Nonprofit Research Agenda
The Major Theories
Public Goods Theories
Trust-Related Theories
Entrepreneurship Theories
Stakeholder Theories of the Nonprofit Sector
The Interdependence Theory
Supply and Demand Conditions for Nonprofit Organizations
The Social Origins Theory
New Developments
Conclusion
Review Questions
References
Chapter 6 Approaches to Giving and Philanthropy
Introduction
The Nature of the Gift
Giving Behavior
Endogenous Factors
Awareness of Need
Altruism, Personal Values, and Religion
Income, Wealth, and Education
Age, Gender, and Marital Status
Benefits
Exogenous Factors
Solicitation
Taxation and Charitable Deduction
Altruism Budget
The Evolution, Rationales, and Functions of Philanthropic Foundations
Historical Background
Definitions and Prevailing Types
Foundation Purpose, Approaches, and Roles
Why Foundations?
Context Matters
New Trends
Venture Philanthropy
Strategic Philanthropy
Spend-Down Foundations
New Philanthropic Institutions
Foundation-Like Organizations
Conclusion
Review Questions
Note
References
Chapter 7 Studying Civic Engagement and Volunteering
Introduction
Understanding Civic Engagement
Civility
Civic Mindedness
Social Capital and Trust
Civic Culture
Who Engages Civically? Socio-Economic Factors
Motivations for Engaging Civically: Value Dispositions
Understanding Volunteering
Motivational Factors: Personality and Context
Volunteer Types: Availability and Assets
Social Networks and Volunteering
Nonprofit Regime Types and Volunteering
The Issue of Social Cohesion
Conclusion
Review Questions
References
Chapter 8 Social Entrepreneurship and Social Innovation
Introduction
Social Entrepreneurship
What Is an Entrepreneur?
A Unique Form of Entrepreneurship?
Limits to Social Entrepreneurship
Social Innovation
What Is Innovation?
When Is an Innovation Social?
Social Innovations and Governance Innovations
Social Innovation and the Nonprofit Sector
Conclusion
Review Questions
References
Part III Organization and Management
Chapter 9 Organizational Behavior and Performance
Introducing Organizational Studies
A Primer of Organizational Theory
Bureaucracy and the Rise of Organization Theory
Theories of Organization and Management
Organizations as Rational and Political Institutions
Organizational Environments and Evolutionary Perspectives
Organizational Structure and Behavior
The Organizational Task Environment and Uncertainty
Scale and Scope
Basic Structures
Values, Visions, and Missions
The Behavior of Nonprofit Organizations
Child Daycare in Canada
Nursing Homes and Facilities for Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities
Healthcare Providers
Niche Control
Coping With Uncertainty
Dealing With Crises
Organizational Performance Measures
Triple Bottom Line Accounting
Social Return On Investment (SROI)
The Balanced Scorecard
Corporate Dashboards
Benchmarking
Conclusion
Review Questions
References
Chapter 10 Management Approaches and Tools
Introduction
What Is Management?
Stakeholders and Multiple Bottom Lines
Strategic Management
Theory of Change
Basic Strategic Planning
Issue-Based Planning
Alignment Model
Gap Analysis
Logical Frameworks
Scenario Planning
PESTEL Analysis
Stakeholder Analysis
SWOT Analysis
Conclusion
Review Questions
References
Chapter 11 Financing Nonprofit Organizations
Introduction
Revenue
Major Revenue Sources
Benefits Theory
Nonprofits as Multi-Product Organizations
Unrelated and Related Business Income
Product Diversification
Choosing Viable Programs: Product Portfolio Map and Value-Return Matrix
Revenue Options and Allocation Mechanisms
Commercialization
Social Finance
Social Impact Bonds
Crowdfunding
Fundraising
Fundraising Process
Donors and Motivation
Evolution and Trends
Financial Management
Basic Financial Relationships
Budgets
Break-Even Analysis
Financial Management Issues
Contracting Problems
Nonprofit Starvation Cycle
Financial “Proverbs”
Business Plan
Conclusion
Review Questions
References
Chapter 12 Governance
Introduction
Corporate Governance
Approaches to Corporate Governance
Agency Theory
Stewardship Theory
Stakeholder Theory
Resource Dependency
Institutional Theory
Roles and Responsibilities of the Governing Board
Board Composition and Diversity
Conflict of Interest
Normative and Analytic Approaches
Accountability
Transparency
Conclusion
Review Questions
Note
References
Chapter 13 Leadership and Human Resources
Introduction
Leadership
Human Resources
Paid Versus Unpaid Staff
Public Service Motivation
Donative Labor Hypothesis
Human Resource Management
Personnel Management
Volunteer Management
Conclusion
Review Questions
References
Chapter 14 Marketing, Communication, and Social Media
Introduction
Marketing
Target Markets
Marketing Mix
Branding
Social Media
Fundraising
Volunteers
Advocacy
Conclusion
Review Questions
References
Chapter 15 Collaboration
Introduction
Collaboration Among Nonprofits
Collaboration With Government
Contracts and Government Partnerships
Public–Private Partnerships
Collaborative Governance
Collaboration With Business
Corporate Philanthropy
Collaborative Value Creation Framework
Conclusion
Review Questions
References
Part IV Policy and Current Developments
Chapter 16 State–Nonprofit Relations
Introduction
What’s in a Relationship?
Instruments of Government Financing of Nonprofit Activity
Grants, Contracts, and Third-Party Payments
Tax Exemptions, Deductions, and Credits
Extent of the Partnership
Consequences of Public Sector Support
Competition Leads to Commercialization
Still Worthy of Special Treatment?
Other Experiences
United Kingdom
Germany
Russia
Conclusion
Review Questions
Note
References
Chapter 17 Advocacy and Lobbying
Introduction
Political Activism
Advocacy
Advocacy Actors
Types of Advocacy
Advocacy Tactics
Lobbying
Legal Regulation of Political Activities in the US
General Political Restrictions
Lobbying Rules
Restrictions On Private Foundations
Advocacy By NGOs in Authoritarian Contexts
Advocacy, Service Delivery, and Government Funding
Conclusion
Review Questions
Note
References
Chapter 18 Longer-Term Developments and Current Trends
Introduction
Supply and Demand Factors Revisited
Growth
Institutional Effects of Crises
Prolonged Prosperity and Development
Technological Changes
Demographic Trends
Sectoral Shifts
The Legal System
The Cultural System
The Political System
The Current Policy Environment
Shrinking Space
Policy Neglect
Regulatory Voids
Accountability Deficits
Overcoming Policy Neglect
Service Providers
Civic Engagement
Financial Intermediaries
Social Innovators
Visions for the Future
Conclusion
Review Questions
Notes
References
Index
