Nanotubes (both of carbon and inorganic materials) can be made in a variety of ways, demonstrating a wide range of fascinating properties. Many of these, such as high mechanical strength and interesting electronic properties relate directly to potential applications. Nanowires have been made from a vast array of inorganic materials and provide great scope for further research into their properties and possible applications.
Chapters in this book systematically describe the fundamentals and applications of nanotubes and nanowires, providing a comprehensive and up-to-date survey of the research area, including synthesis, characterisation, properties and applications.
This new edition of Nanotubes and Nanowires includes an extensive list of references and is ideal both for graduates needing an introduction to the field of nanomaterials as well as for professionals and researchers in academia and industry.
Review of Nanotubes and Nanowires 1st Edition:
“This book does a truly admirable job of summarizing the literature in this rapidly changing field.” Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2006, 128, 4163-4164
Review of Nanotubes and Nanowires 2nd Edition:
“Rao and Govindaraj do a superb job of distilling the huge literature on inorganic nanotubes and nanowires.” Chemistry & Industry, 2011, 24, 27
Author(s): C. N. R. Rao, A. Govindaraj, Leela Srinivas Panchakarla
Series: Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Series, 52
Edition: 3
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Year: 2021
Language: English
Pages: 609
City: London
Cover
Nanotubes and Nanowires: 3rd Edition
Preface to the Third Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the First Edition
Contents
Chapter 1 - Carbon Nanotubes
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Synthesis
1.2.1 Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes
1.2.1.1 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
1.2.1.2 Plasma-enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition
1.2.1.3 Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition
1.2.1.4 Vapor Phase Growth
1.2.1.5 Electrochemical Synthesis
1.2.1.6 Use of Supercritical Fluids
1.2.1.7 Solvothermal Procedures
1.2.1.8 Microwave Synthesis
1.2.2 Aligned Nanotube Bundles and Micropatterning
1.2.3 Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes
1.2.3.1 Optical Plasma Control
1.2.3.2 Improvement of Oxidation Resistance
1.2.3.3 Laser Vaporization
1.2.3.4 Pyrolysis or Vapor Phase Deposition
1.2.3.5 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
1.2.3.6 Alcohol Catalytic CVD
1.2.3.7 Aerogel-supported Chemical Vapor Deposition
1.2.3.8 Laser-assisted Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition
1.2.3.9 CoMoCat Process
1.2.3.10 High-pressure CO Disproportionation
1.2.3.11 Flame Synthesis
1.2.3.12 Sonochemical Route
1.2.4 Direct Spinning of Nanotube Yarns
1.2.5 Selective Preparation of Semiconducting and Metallic SWNTs
1.2.6 Chirality-defined Synthesis of SWNTs
1.2.6.1 Direct Controlled Synthesis
1.2.6.2 Postsynthesis Separation Approaches
1.2.7 Junction Nanotubes
1.2.8 Peapods and Double-walled Nanotubes
1.2.9 Mechanism of Formation of Nanotubes
1.2.10 Purification of SWNTs
1.2.11 Separation of Metallic and Semiconducting SWNTs
1.3 Structure, Spectra and Characterization
1.3.1 General Structural Features
1.3.2 Raman and Other Spectroscopies
1.3.2.1 The G-band
1.3.2.2 The Radial Breathing Mode (RBM)
1.3.2.3 Dispersive G′-band (2D band)
1.3.2.4 Disorder-induced D Band
1.3.2.5 Optical Spectroscopy
1.3.3 Pressure-induced Transformations
1.3.4 Electronic Structure
References
Chapter 2 - Chemically Modified Nanotubes
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Doping with Boron and Nitrogen
2.3 Intercalation by Alkali Metals
2.4 Metal ↔ Semiconductor Transitions Induced by Molecular Interaction
2.5 Opening and Filling of Nanotubes
2.6 Decoration and Coating
2.7 Reactivity, Solubilization and Functionalization
2.8 Covalent Functionalization
2.8.1 Halogenation
2.8.2 End-group Functionalization
2.8.3 Cycloaddition
2.8.4 Radical Addition
2.8.5 Nucleophilic Addition
2.8.6 Covalent Polymer Composites
2.8.7 Other Covalent Functionalization Methods
2.9 Noncovalent Functionalization
2.9.1 Noncovalent Polymer Composites
2.9.2 Functionalization Using Surfactants and Polyaromatics
2.9.3 Interaction with Biomolecules
2.9.4 Endrohedral Filling
2.10 Functionalization Using Fluorous Chemistry and Click Chemistry
References
Chapter 3 - Properties and Applications of Carbon Nanotubes
3.1 Electronic Properties
3.2 Phase Transitions and Fluid Mechanics
3.3 Carbon Nanotube Composites
3.4 Applications, Potential and Otherwise
3.4.1 Electronic Applications
3.4.2 Field-effect Transistors (FETs) and Related Devices
3.4.3 Electromechanical Properties
3.4.4 Field Emission
3.4.5 Energy Storage and Conversion: Supercapacitors, Solar Cells and Actuators
3.4.6 Sensors and Probes
3.4.7 Biological Aspects
3.4.8 Mechanical Properties and Related Devices
3.4.9 Lithium Batteries
3.4.10 Gas Adsorption and Hydrogen Storage
3.4.11 Other Useful Properties and Devices
References
Chapter 4 - Inorganic Nanotubes
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Synthetic Methods
4.3 Nanotubes of Different Materials
4.3.1 Nanotubes of Elemental Materials
4.3.2 Metal Chalcogenide Nanotubes
4.3.3 Pnictide Nanotubes
4.3.4 Nanotubes of Carbides and Other Materials
4.3.5 Metal Oxide Nanotubes
4.3.5.1 SiO2 Nanotubes
4.3.5.2 TiO2 Nanotubes
4.3.5.3 ZnO, CdO and Al2O3 Nanotubes
4.3.5.4 Nanotubes of Vanadium and Niobium Oxides
4.3.5.5 Nanotubes of Other Transition Metal Oxides
4.3.5.6 Other Binary Oxide Nanotubes
4.3.5.7 Nanotubes of Titanates and Other Complex Oxides
4.3.5.8 Nanotubes Based on Complex Inorganic Nanostructures
4.3.6 Misfit Layered Nanotubes
4.3.6.1 Chalcogenide-based Misfit Layered Nanotubes
4.3.6.2 Quaternary Misfit Nanotubes
4.3.6.3 Oxide-based Misfit Nanotubes
4.4 Properties
4.4.1 Mechanical Properties
4.4.2 Electronic, Magnetic, Optical and Related Properties
4.4.2.1 Field-effect Transistors
4.4.2.2 Electromechanical Properties
4.4.2.3 Optoelectronic Properties
4.4.2.4 Field Emission
4.4.3 Tribological Properties
4.4.4 Thermal Properties
4.5 Solubilization and Functionalization
4.6 Applications
References
Chapter 5 - Synthetic Strategies for Inorganic Nanowires
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Synthetic Strategies
5.2.1 Vapour-phase Growth
5.2.1.1 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
5.2.1.2 Laser Ablation Technique
5.2.1.3 Molecular-beam Epitaxy
5.2.2 Growth Mechanisms
5.2.2.1 Vapor–Liquid–Solid (VLS) Growth
5.2.2.2 Oxide-assisted Growth
5.2.2.3 Vapour–Solid Growth
5.2.2.4 Carbothermal Reactions
5.2.3 Solution-based Growth
5.2.3.1 Anisotropic Structures
5.2.3.2 Template-based Synthesis
5.2.3.3 Solution–Liquid–Solid Process
5.2.3.4 Solvothermal Synthesis
5.3 Growth Control and Integration
References
Chapter 6 - Elemental Nanowires
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Silicon
6.3 Germanium
6.4 Boron
6.5 In, Sn, Pb, Sb and Bi
6.6 Se and Te
6.7 Gold
6.8 Silver
6.9 Iron and Cobalt
6.10 Nickel and Copper
6.11 Other Metals and Alloys
6.12 Trimetallic Nanowires
6.13 Segmented Heterojunction Nanowires
References
Chapter 7 - Metal Oxide Nanowires
7.1 MgO
7.2 Al2O3, Ga2O3 and In2O3
7.3 SnO2
7.4 CeO2, SiO2 and GeO2
7.5 TiO2
7.6 CrO2, MnO2 and Mn3O4
7.7 CuxO
7.8 ZnO
7.9 Vanadium and Tungsten Oxides
7.10 Other Binary Oxides
7.11 Ternary and Quarternary Oxides
References
Chapter 8 - Metal Nitride, Carbide and Boride Nanowires
8.1 BN
8.2 AlN
8.3 GaN
8.4 InN
8.5 Si3N4 and Si2N2O
8.6 Metal Carbide and Boride Nanowires
8.6.1 BC
8.6.2 SiC
8.6.3 Other Carbide Nanowires
8.6.4 Borides
References
Chapter 9 - Nanowires of Metal Chalcogenides, Phosphides and Other Semiconductor Materials
9.1 Metal Chalcogenide
9.1.1 CdS
9.1.2 CdSe and CdTe
9.1.3 PbS, PbSe and PbTe
9.1.4 CuS and CuSe
9.1.5 ZnS and ZnSe
9.1.6 NbS2, NbSe2 and NbSe3
9.1.7 Bismuth Chalcogenides
9.1.8 Other Chalcogenides
9.2 GaAs, InP and Other Semiconductor Nanowires
9.2.1 GaAs
9.2.2 InP and GaP
9.3 Miscellaneous Nanowires
9.4 Coaxial Nanowires and Coating Nanowires
9.5 Perovskite Nanowires
9.5.1 Vapor-phase Synthesis
9.5.2 Solution-phase Synthesis
9.5.3 Template-assisted Methods
References
Chapter 10 - Functionalization and Useful Properties and Potential Applications of Nanowires
10.1 Self Assembly and Functionalization
10.2 Useful Properties and Potential Applications
10.2.1 Optical Properties
10.2.2 Photonic Applications of Perovskite NWs
10.2.2.1 Perovskite NW Lasers
10.2.2.2 Photodetectors
10.2.3 Electrical and Magnetic Properties
10.2.4 Transistors and Devices
10.2.5 Field Emission
10.2.6 Energy Storage and Conversion
10.2.6.1 Solar Cells
10.2.6.2 Supercapacitor, Lithium Batteries and Fuel Cells
10.2.7 Electromechanical Devices
10.2.8 Sensor Applications and Other Aspects
10.2.9 Mechanical Properties
10.2.10 Thermoelectric Properties
10.2.11 Biological Aspects
References
Subject Index
