This book provides an overview of key current developments in the synthetic strategy of functional novel nanomaterials in various spectroscopic characterizations and evaluations and highlights possible future applications in nanotechnology and materials science. It illustrates the wide-ranging interest in these areas and provides a background to the later chapters, which address the novel synthesis of high-yield nanomaterials and their biomaterials, graphene, polymeric nanomaterials, green nanomaterials, green polyester, liquid crystal electro-optic switching applications, nanobiotechnology, transition metal oxides, response characteristics of exclusive spectroscopic investigation as well as electron microscopic study, flexible and transparent electrodes, optoelectronics, nanoelectronics, smart displays, switchable device modulation, health care, energy storage, solar/fuel cells, environmental and plant biology, social, ethical, and regulatory implications of various aspects of green nanotechnology, as well as significant foreseeable spectroscopic applications of key functional nanomaterials. Given appropriate regulation for and research on the topics covered, commercial production of manufactured novel composite materials can be realized. Furthermore, the many discoveries highlighted in the book can modulate spectroscopic performances with technical excellence in multidisciplinary research of high competence.
Author(s): Kaushik Pal
Publisher: Jenny Stanford Publishing
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 371
City: Singapore
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: An Emerging Avenue of Functional Graphene Aggregated Liquid Crystalline Hybrid Nanocomposite Diverse Attempts: Key Challenges and Novel Premises
1.1: Introduction
1.2: Liquid Crystalline Materials by Nanodopants
1.3: Carbon Based Materials Graphene Dopant Liquid Crystals
1.4: Designing and Synthesis of Nanomaterials
1.4.1: Fabrication of Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) Nanostructures Assembled LC Matrix
1.4.2: Fabrication of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanostructures Assembled LC Matrix
1.4.3: Controllable Synthetic Mechanism of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanostructures Assembled LC Matrix
1.5: LC-Aggregated Self-Assembly Nanomaterials and CNTs/Graphene
1.6: Photo Refractive ITO-LC Cell Manufacturing Principle
1.6.1: Liquid Crystal Phase Transition and Switchable Device Implementations
1.6.2: Graphene Deposited Liquid Crystalline Nanocomposite Phase Transition
1.7: Electro-optical (EO) Phase Transition of Switchable Sensor Modulation
1.7.1: Homogeneously Dispersed Graphene-Liquid Crystal in Organic Solvents
1.7.2: Chemical Formulation of GO-LC Hybrid Nanocompounds
1.8: Conclusions, Outlook and Perspectives
Chapter 2: Spectroscopic and Microscopic Response of Graphene/CNTs Based Nanomaterials
2.1: Introduction
2.2: Graphene and CNT Nanomaterials
2.2.1: Synthesis of Graphene
2.2.1.1: Micromechanical exfoliation
2.2.1.2: Electrochemical exfoliation
2.2.1.3: Chemical synthesis
2.2.1.4: Epitaxial growth
2.2.1.5: Chemical vapor deposition
2.2.1.6: Chemical reduction
2.2.1.7: Liquid-phase exfoliation
2.2.1.8: Biogenic reduction
2.2.2: Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes
2.2.2.1: Arc discharge
2.2.2.2: Laser ablation
2.2.2.3: Chemical vapor deposition
2.2.2.4: Electrolysis
2.2.2.5: Spray pyrolysis
2.2.2.6: Hydrothermal/sonochemical
2.2.2.7: Ball milling
2.2.2.8: Organic synthesis
2.2.3: Properties of Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes
2.3: Graphene/CNT Nanocomposites
2.3.1: Synthesis of Graphene/CNT Nanocomposites
2.3.1.1: Assembly approach
2.3.1.2: In situ approach
2.3.1.3: Other methods
2.3.2: Properties of Graphene/CNT Nanocomposites
2.3.2.1: Mechanical and thermal properties
2.3.2.2: Electrical and optical properties
2.4: The Spectroscopic Response of Graphene/CNT Nanocomposites
2.4.1: Raman Spectroscopy
2.4.2: UV-Visible Spectroscopy
2.4.3: FT-IR Spectroscopy
2.5: The Microscopic Response of Graphene/CNT Nanocomposites
2.5.1: Scanning Electron Microscopy
2.5.2: Transmission Electron Microscopy
2.5.3: Atomic Force Microscopy
2.6: Applications of Graphene/CNTs Based Nanomaterials
2.6.1: Electrical and Electronic Applications
2.6.2: Thermal Applications
2.6.3: Environmental Applications
2.6.4: Biomedical Applications
2.6.5: Other Applications
2.7: Conclusion
Chapter 3: Thermotropic Hydrogen-Bonded Liquid Crystals (HBLCs) Spectral Analysis of Phase Transition: Limitations, Perspectives and Challenges
3.1: Introduction
3.2: Experimental Details
3.2.1: Material Preparation
3.3: Results and Discussion
3.3.1: Conventional Thermistor
3.3.2: Theoretical Modeling of Liquid Crystal Analysis
3.3.2.1: Liquid crystal thermistor
3.3.2.2: Liquid crystal thermistor fabrication
3.3.3: Liquid Crystal Exhibiting Positive Temperature Coefficient
3.3.3.1: Thermo resistance: cholesteric
3.3.3.2: Comparison of magnitude of thermistor properties in various phases
3.3.3.3: Molecular modeling
3.3.4: Liquid Crystal Exhibiting Negative Temperature Coefficient
3.3.4.1: Thermo resistance: Sm C*
3.3.5: Current versus Voltage Characteristics of Liquid Crystal Thermistors
3.3.6: Conclusions, Outlook and Challenges
3.4: Perspectives and Future Scopes
Chapter 4: Green Nanostructures Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterizations
4.1: Introduction
4.2: Sec-Met: An Effective Source for Green Nanostructural Synthesis
4.3: Innovative Focuses on Green Nanostructural Formulation
4.4: Practices for Characterization of Green-Formulated NPs
4.5: Optimistic Positivity
4.6: Conclusion
Chapter 5: Synthesis, Designing and Challenges of Functionalized Polymeric Nanomaterials and Their Spectroscopic Applications
5.1: Introduction
5.1.1: Self-Assembly to Form Polymeric Nanoparticles
5.1.1.1: Block copolymers
5.1.1.2: Dendrimers
5.1.1.3: Lipids
5.1.2: Surface Engineered Polymeric Nanoparticles
5.1.3: Nano Encapsulated Polymer
5.2: Spectroscopic Applications of Polymeric Nanoparticles
5.2.1: Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)
5.2.2: X-Ray Imaging
5.2.3: Fluorescence Imaging
5.2.4: Other Applications
5.3: Conclusions and Future Scope
Chapter 6: Fabrication of Ultra-Pure Anisotropic Nanoparticles, Spectroscopic Studies and Biological Applications
6.1: Introduction
6.2: Fabrication Approaches for Synthesis
6.2.1: Polyol Synthesis
6.2.2: Biological Synthesis
6.2.3: Seed Mediated Synthesis
6.2.4: Template Mediated Synthesis
6.2.5: Hydrothermal Approach
6.2.6: Electrochemical
6.2.7: Photochemical
6.3: Spectroscopic Analysis of Fabricated Nanoparticles
6.4: Biological Applications of Anisotropic Nanoparticles
6.4.1: Toxicity of Pathogens
6.4.2: Medical
6.4.2.1: Bio-imaging and biosensing
6.4.2.2: Wound healing
6.4.2.3: Gene editing and gene delivery
6.4.2.4: Therapeutics
6.4.2.5: Vaccinology
6.4.2.6: Bio-grafting
6.4.2.7: Cosmetics
6.4.2.8: Disinfectants
6.4.3: Food Industry
6.4.3.1: Feed additives
6.4.3.2: Food packaging and processing
6.4.4: Bioremediation
6.4.5: Agricultural
6.5: Conclusion and Future Outlook
Chapter 7: Bioinspired Nanomaterials for Improving Sensing and Imaging Spectroscopy
7.1: Introduction
7.2: Types of Bionanomaterials
7.2.1: Peptides
7.2.2: Imaging Applications
7.2.3: Protein Cages
7.2.4: Virus-Like Particles (VLPs)
7.2.4.1: Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV)
7.2.4.2: Cowpea mosaic virus capsid protein (CPMV)
7.2.4.3: Enterobacteriaceae (MS2)
7.2.4.4: Q β
7.2.4.5: Brome mosaic virus (BMV)
7.2.5: Non-viral Protein Cages
7.2.5.1: Enterobacteria phage (E2)
7.2.5.2: Encapsulin
7.2.5.3: Ferritin (maxi-ferritin)
7.2.5.4: Dps 4 (mini-ferritin)
7.2.5.5: Lumazine synthase
7.2.5.6: Vault protein
7.2.6: Natural Polymers
7.3: Conclusions, Outlook and Future Scopes
Chapter 8: Green Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and Spectroscopic Applications
8.1: Introduction
8.1.1: Green Chemistry and Green Nanotechnology
8.2: Synthesis of Green Nanomaterials
8.2.1: Biogenic Synthesis of Nanoparticles
8.2.2: Plant-Based Synthesis of Nanoparticles
8.2.3: Plant-Based Synthesis of Nanostructures
8.2.4: Synthesis of Green Nanoceramics and Nanocomposites
8.2.5: Ethical and Environmental Concerns Related to Green Nanomaterials
8.3: Engineered Properties of Green Nanomaterials
8.3.1: Structure-Based Properties of Functional Semiconductor Green Nanomaterials
8.3.1.1: Dominance of the electromagnetic force
8.3.1.2: Quantum effects
8.3.1.3: Surface to volume ratio
8.3.1.4: Random molecular movement
8.3.2: Optoelectrical and Semiconductor Properties of Green Nanomaterials
8.3.3: Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Green Nanomaterials
8.3.4: Environmental Issues Pertaining to Green Nanomaterials’ Properties
8.4: Applications of Green Nanomaterials
8.4.1: Applications as Functional Materials
8.4.2: Applications in Semiconductor Industry
8.4.3: Applications in Optoelectronics
8.4.4: Applications in Spectral Analysis
8.4.5: Environmental Concerns and Remedies Pertaining to the Application of Green Nanomaterials
8.5: Conclusions
Chapter 9: Functional Green Nanomaterials Designing Approach to Spectroscopic Evaluation
9.1: Introduction
9.2: Solar Cells
9.3: Types of Solar Cells
9.3.1: Inorganic Solar Cells
9.3.2: Organic Solar Cells
9.3.3: Tandem Cells
9.3.4: Perovskite Solar Cells
9.3.5: Photonic Crystals
9.4: Polymer Nanocomposites
9.4.1: Natural Polymers
9.4.2: Natural Biopolymer
9.4.3: Chitin and Chitosan
9.4.4: Preparation of Nanochitosan
9.5: Fabrication of Solar Cells
9.6: Spectroscopic Characterization and Evaluation
9.6.1: Fourier Transform–Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR)
9.6.2: Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
9.6.3: Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
9.7: Conclusion
Chapter 10: Green Chemistry Assisted Synthesis of Metallic Nanomaterials Applications
10.1: Introduction
10.2: Importance of Metallic Nanomaterials
10.3: Production of Various Metallic Nanomaterials Using Green Chemistry
10.4: Metallic Nanomaterials in Environmental and Biological Applications
10.4.1: Photocatalytic Performance
10.4.2: Antibacterial Activity of Metallic Nanomaterials
10.4.3: Anticancer Activity of Metallic Nanomaterials
10.5: Conclusions, Outlook and Perspectives
Chapter 11: Preparation of Metal Nanoparticles Extractions from Green Natural Products
11.1: Introduction
11.2: Classification of Nanomaterials
11.2.1: Nanoparticles
11.2.2: Categorization of Nanoparticles
11.2.3: Synthesis of Nanoparticles
11.3: Biological Synthesis
11.3.1: Algae-Mediated Synthesis
11.3.2: Fungal-Mediated Synthesis
11.3.3: Bacteria Mediated Synthesis
11.3.4: Plant Mediated Synthesis
11.3.5: Other Bioresource Mediated Synthesis
11.3.6: Why Plant Mediated Nanoparticles Synthesis?
11.4: Factors Influencing Green Synthesis
11.4.1: Impact of pH
11.4.2: Temperature
11.4.3: Time
11.4.4: Concentration
11.4.5: Other Influencing Parameter
11.5: Challenges in Green Synthesis of MNPs
11.5.1: Reproducibility
11.5.2: Scale-Up
11.6: Upcoming Perception(s) in Green Synthesis
11.7: Conclusion
Chapter 12: Ostwald Ripening of PDIF-CN2 Molecules on Bilayer and Multilayer Graphene
12.1: Introduction
12.2: Experiments
12.3: Results and Discussion
12.4: Conclusion
Index
