Mycology in the Tropics: Updates on Philippine Fungi

Front Cover
MYCOLOGY IN THE TROPICS
MYCOLOGY IN THE TROPICS
Copyright
Contents
Contributors
Editors’ Biographies
Preface
About the Cover
1 - A brief introduction to Philippine mycology
I - Fungi in aquatic and terrestrial habitats
2 - Diversity and applications of fungi associated with mangrove leaves in the Philippines
1. Introduction
2. Early studies on Philippine mangrove fungi
3. Fungi associated with healthy mangrove leaves
4. Fungi associated with decaying mangrove leaves
5. Strategies to isolate and identify mangrove leaf-associated fungi
6. Concluding remarks and future direction
Acknowledgments
References
3 - Fungi and fungus-like microorganisms in Philippine marine ecosystems
1. Introduction
2. Marine yeasts, mangrove-derived fungi, and marine fungal endophytes
2.1 Yeasts from the marine environment
2.2 Fungi from mangrove forests
2.3 Fungi from macroalgae and seagrasses
2.4 Biotechnological applications of marine and marine-derived fungi
3. Marine oomycetes
3.1 Oomycetes in mangrove ecosystems
3.2 Biotechnological applications of marine oomycetes
4. Biosynthesis, isolation, analysis, and applications of fatty acids from Philippine marine oomycetes
4.1 De novo fatty acid biosynthesis
4.2 Fatty acid production and profiling
5. Concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
References
4 - Species and functional diversity of forest fungi for conservation and sustainable landscape in the Philippines
1. Introduction
2. Forest formations in the Philippines
3. Ecological functions and substrates of forest fungi
4. Fungal growth requirements
5. Fungal diversity and mycological collection across forest formations and landscape
5.1 Forest and watershed reservation
5.1.1 San Fernando Forest
5.1.2 Sierra Madre Mountain Range
5.1.3 Palali -Mamparang Mountain Range (PMMR)
5.1.4 Nueva Vizcaya Watershed
5.1.5 Subic Watershed Forest Reserve
5.1.6 La Mesa Watershed Reservation (LMWR)
5.1.7 Mount Makiling Forest Reserve
5.1.8 Catanduanes Watershed Forest Reserve
5.1.9 Malagos Watershed Reserve
5.1.10 Dinagat Island Watershed
5.2 Protected Landscape and Seascape
5.2.1 Batanes Protected Landscape and Seascape
5.2.2 Mt. Palaypalay Mataas na Gulod Protected Landscape & Mt. Maculot
5.2.3 Taal Volcano Protected Landscape (TVPL)
5.2.4 Hinulugang Taktak Protected Landscape
5.2.5 Mount Banahaw and San Cristobal Protected Landscape (MBSCPL)
5.2.6 Quezon Protected Landscape (QPL)
5.2.7 Buenavista Protected Landscape (BPL)
5.2.7.1 Initao-Buenavista Protected Landscape and Seascape
5.3 National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuary
5.3.1 Mt. Arayat National Park
5.3.2 Cavinti Underground River and Cave Complex
5.3.3 Mt. Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary
5.4 Wetlands and peatlands
5.5 Mycological collections
6. Challenges in mycology for conservation and sustainable landscape
Acknowledgments
References
Further reading
5 - Bioluminescent mushrooms of the Philippines
1. Introduction
2. Bioluminescence in fungi
3. Bioluminescent fungi in Southeast Asia
4. Bioluminescent fungi in the Philippines
5. Uses and applications of bioluminescent fungi
6. Concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
References
6 - Lichens in the Philippines: diversity and applications in natural product research
1. Introduction
2. Early studies on Philippine lichens
3. Taxonomic diversity of Philippine lichens
4. Philippine lichens in natural product research
4.1 Antimicrobial activities
4.2 Cytotoxic activities
4.3 Antioxidant activities
4.4 Herbicidal activities
5. Pioneering studies on endolichenic fungi from the Philippines
6. Concluding remarks and future direction
Acknowledgments
References
II - Fungi in agriculture, health, and environment
7 - Plant diseases caused by fungi in the Philippines
1. Introduction
2. Genera of plant pathogenic fungi in the Philippines
3. Plant diseases caused by fungi in Phylum Ascomycota
4. Plant diseases caused by fungi in Phylum Basidiomycota
5. Plant diseases caused by fungi in Phylum Blastocladiomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Mucoromycota
6. Concluding remarks and future direction
Acknowledgments
References
8 - Epidemiology of fungal plant diseases in the Philippines
1. Introduction
2. Epidemiological studies
2.1 Rice blast
2.2 Rice sheath blight
2.3 Rice brown spot
2.4 Maize Stenocarpella disease complex
2.5 Perennial crops
3. Crop loss studies
3.1 Rice blast
3.2 Rice sheath blight
3.3 Multiple rice fungal diseases
3.4 Maize banded leaf and sheath blight
3.5 Maize Stenocarpella disease complex
3.6 Perennial crops
4. Survey studies
5. Plant disease modeling
5.1 Rice blast
5.2 Rice sheath blight
5.3 Maize
5.4 Perennial crops
6. Disease-yield loss modeling
7. Climate change and plant diseases
7.1 Rice
7.2 Maize
7.3 Perennial crops
8. Concluding remarks and future directions
References
9 - Mycosis in the Philippines: Epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostics and interventions
1. Overview of mycosis
2. Common fungal infections
2.1 Aspergillosis
2.1.1 Epidemiology
2.1.2 Diagnostic strategies
2.1.3 Clinical presentation and management
2.2 Candidiasis
2.2.1 Epidemiology
2.2.2 Diagnostic strategies
2.2.3 Clinical presentation and management
2.2.3.1 Candidal paronychia
2.2.3.2 Mucocutaneous candidiasis
2.2.3.3 Vulvovaginal candidiasis
2.2.3.4 Invasive candidiasis
2.3 Other fungal infections
2.3.1 Epidemiology
2.3.2 Diagnostic strategies
2.3.3 Clinical presentation and management
3. Concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
References
Further reading
10 - Environmental mycology in the Philippines
1. Introduction: the growing environmental concern in Southeast Asia
2. Mycoremediation
3. Mycoremediation of heavy metals
4. Fungi as bioremediation agents for pesticides
5. Fungi as biocontrol agents in agriculture
6. Plastic degrading fungi in the Philippines
7. Mycoremediation of hydrocarbons
8. Moving forward
Acknowledgment
References
Further reading
III - Fungal conservation and management
11 - Edible mushrooms of the Philippines: traditional knowledge, bioactivities, mycochemicals, and in vitro cultivation
1. Introduction
2. Ethnomycology in the Philippines
3. Species listing of wild edible mushrooms in the Philippines
4. In vitro culture of Philippine wild edible mushrooms
5. Mycochemicals and bioactivities of cultivated wild edible mushrooms
6. Concluding remarks and future direction
Acknowledgments
References
12 - Culture collections and herbaria: Diverse roles in mycological research in the Philippines
1. Introduction
2. Microbial culture collections
3. Fungal resources of Philippine MCCs
4. Opportunities and challenges in microbial culture collections
5. Mycological herbarium
6. Opportunities and challenges in mycological herbaria
7. Concluding remarks and future direction
Acknowledgments
References
Further reading
13 - Fungal plant pathogens of quarantine importance in the Philippines
1. History, plant quarantine protocols and current policy
1.1 Quarantine protocols
1.1.1 Importation
1.1.2 Domestic transport
2. Fungal pathogens with high impact in Philippine agriculture
2.1 Phytophthora on coconut
2.2 Panama disease of banana
2.3 Downy mildew on corn
2.4 South American leaf blight (SALB) on rubber
3. Practices in controlling entry, exit and epidemics
3.1 Preventing pest incursions
3.2 Preventing movement of pests with commodities for export
3.3 Preventing pest epidemics
3.4 Monitoring, surveillance and forecasting of plant pest and disease epidemics
4. Related administrative orders
References
Further reading
14 - Innovative learning activities for teaching mycology in the Philippines
1. Introduction
2. Teaching fungi to kids in preschool and elementary levels
3. Learning activities on fungi for high school students
4. Innovative teaching strategies on fungi for undergraduate courses
5. Safety when working with fungi
6. Concluding remarks
References
Index
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