Multilingual Communication

Multilingual Communication......Page 2
Editorial page......Page 3
Title page......Page 4
LCC page......Page 5
Dedication page......Page 6
Table of contents......Page 8
What is `multilingual communication'?......Page 10
1. Language constellations......Page 11
2. Discourse and text and spoken and written language......Page 12
3. Multilingual communication in institutions......Page 14
4. Linguistic processing......Page 15
5. Contrasting languages......Page 16
6. A multilingual database as a research tool......Page 17
7. Objectives of research into multilingual communication......Page 18
8. Outline of the book......Page 19
References......Page 22
Towards an agenda for developing multilingual communication with a community base......Page 28
1. The value of multilingualism......Page 29
2. A demographic reality......Page 30
3. Some myths, some paradoxes......Page 33
4. Why not Turkish in Kreuzberg or Arabic in Paris or Eindhoven?......Page 36
5. The value to a nation for its minority languages to be maintained and developed......Page 37
6. Multilingual and multicultural interaction......Page 38
7. `European' and `other' languages......Page 39
8. A joint undertaking......Page 40
9. How will it work in practice?......Page 41
10. The role of institutions......Page 43
Notes......Page 45
References......Page 46
Mediated multilingual communication......Page 50
0. Introduction1......Page 52
1. The data......Page 53
2. Methodology......Page 55
3. Briefings for informed consent: Institutional purpose(s) and linguistic structures......Page 56
3.1. Announcing the medical procedure......Page 58
3.2. Describing the medical procedure......Page 61
3.3. Pointing out complications......Page 65
4. Conclusions......Page 66
5. Further suggestions......Page 67
References......Page 68
1. Introduction......Page 72
2. Analytic procedure......Page 73
3. Concepts of spokenness and writtenness......Page 75
4. Characteristics of popular scientific texts......Page 79
5.1. The English original text......Page 81
5.2. The German translation compared to the English original......Page 85
6. Conclusion......Page 89
References......Page 90
Appendix......Page 92
Connectivity in translation......Page 96
1. Connectivity in orality and literacy......Page 97
2. The Boa-Principle......Page 99
3. The introduction: Original and translation......Page 101
4.1. Temporal clauses and prepositional phrases......Page 106
4.2. Discourse markers (`Gliederungssignale') and zusammengesetzte Verweiswörter (`composite deictics')......Page 109
4.3. List structures and compositional parallelism......Page 112
4.4. Lexical repetition......Page 115
5. Conclusion......Page 116
Notes......Page 117
References......Page 119
1. Definitions of genre......Page 124
2. Methodology......Page 126
3. Data......Page 127
3.1. Corporate philosophies - form and function......Page 128
3.2. Corporate philosophies - a contrastive view......Page 129
4.1. Translation from English into German......Page 130
4.2. Translation from German into English......Page 133
5. Conclusion......Page 135
Notes......Page 136
Secondary sources......Page 137
Code-switching......Page 140
1. Introduction1......Page 142
2. Functions of code-switching......Page 143
3. The use of Maori, English and Samoan in New Zealand......Page 145
3.1. Varieties of Maori English......Page 146
3.2. Structural features of Maori English......Page 147
3.4. Code-switching in Samoan......Page 148
4.1. Constructing social identity......Page 149
4.2. Establishing/maintaining solidarity......Page 152
4.3. Negotiating ethnic boundaries......Page 154
5. Conclusion......Page 157
Notes......Page 158
References......Page 159
Appendix: Transcription conventions......Page 163
1.1. Terminological issues......Page 164
1.2. Communication and acquisition in the classroom......Page 166
1.3. Code-switching and world-switching......Page 169
2.1. Transparent cases of world-switching......Page 170
2.2. Speaker-motivated code-switching......Page 174
2.3. Pedagogically-motivated code-switching and/or world-switching......Page 177
3. The learner's perspective......Page 181
4. Summary......Page 183
Notes......Page 184
References......Page 186
The neurobiology of code-switching......Page 188
1. From Broca and Wernicke to the new imaging techniques: A brief research history......Page 191
2. Harry Potter in the magnetic resonance scanner......Page 193
3. Questions and initial results7......Page 195
4. When language switches in the brain: Is there a ``distributing centre''?......Page 198
5. Conclusion......Page 199
Notes......Page 200
References......Page 201
Rapport and politeness......Page 204
1. Introduction......Page 206
2. Rapport management and miscommunication......Page 207
3.2. The data and data collection......Page 209
3.3. The participants......Page 210
4.1. Seating arrangements for the welcome meeting......Page 211
4.2. The welcome speech......Page 213
4.3. Team introductions and a return speech......Page 214
4.4. Business relationships......Page 216
4.5. A dispute over money......Page 217
4.6. Host and guest behaviour......Page 219
5.1. Chinese explanatory accounts......Page 221
5.2. British explanatory perspectives......Page 224
6. Discussion......Page 227
Transcription conventions......Page 229
References......Page 230
Introductions......Page 232
1. Polite action......Page 233
2. On the structure of introductions......Page 236
3. The stages of the action systems when people become acquainted......Page 242
4.1. Formulaic queries about the other's health in Arabic......Page 245
4.2. Welcomes in English......Page 247
4.3. Getting-to-know-you questions in Chinese......Page 248
4.4. Becoming acquainted in Norwegian in relation to a topic......Page 249
4.5. Aspects of introductions in Turkish family communication......Page 250
5. An introduction in a multilingual setting......Page 252
6. Naming......Page 264
7. Pragmatic transfer in multilingual settings......Page 269
Notes......Page 275
References......Page 282
Grammar and discourse in a contrastive perspective......Page 288
1. Speech action in multilingual constellations......Page 290
2. Contrasting modal expressions across languages......Page 291
3. Modal expressions in planning discourse......Page 294
4. Modal expressions in L1-German utterances......Page 295
5. Modal expressions in L1-Japanese utterances......Page 297
6. Modal expressions in L2-Japanese utterances......Page 300
7. Conclusions......Page 305
Acknowledgements......Page 307
Abbreviations......Page 308
References......Page 309
1. Introduction......Page 312
1.1. L1 constructions and L2 problems......Page 313
1.2. General features of German and Japanese `I think-constructions'......Page 314
2. Methodological considerations......Page 317
3. Incidence and corpus under study......Page 319
4.1. German `I think-constructions' in the corpus......Page 323
4.2. Japanese `I think-constructions' in the corpus......Page 332
5. German-Japanese functional variation......Page 339
6. Further prospects......Page 341
Notes......Page 342
References......Page 347
Author index......Page 352
Subject index......Page 358
The series Hamburg Studies on Multilingualism......Page 368