Mosby's Drug Guide For Nursing Students

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MOSBY’S DRUG GUIDE for NURSING STUDENTS
Copyright
Consultants
Preface
NEW FEATURES
NEW FACTS
ORGANIZATION
Individual Drug Monographs
High-alert status:
“Tall Man” lettering:
Pronunciation:
Rx, OTC:
Functional and chemical classifications:
Do not confuse:
Action:
Therapeutic outcome:
Uses:
Unlabeled uses:
Dosages and routes:
Available forms:
Adverse effects:
Contraindications:
Precautions:
Black Box Warnings:
Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics:
Interactions:
Nursing considerations:
Compatibilities:
Treatment of overdose:
Drug Categories
Appendixes
Selected new drugs:
Ophthalmic, nasal, topical, and otic products:
Vaccines and toxoids:
Abbreviations:
Immunization schedules:
Standard Precautions:
Illustrated mechanisms and sites of action:
Photo atlas of drug administration:
Common Herbs
Table of Contents
A
B
C
CALCIUM SALTS
CEPHALOSPORINS—1ST GENERATION
CEPHALOSPORINS—2ND GENERATION
CEPHALOSPORINS—3RD/4TH GENERATION
CONTRACEPTIVES, HORMONAL
MONOPHASIC, ORAL
ethinyl estradiol/desogestrel (Rx)
ethinyl estradiol/drospirenone (Rx)
ethinyl estradiol/ethynodiol (Rx)
ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel (Rx)
ethinyl estradiol/norethindrone (Rx)
ethinyl estradiol/norgestimate (Rx)
ethinyl estradiol/norgestrel (Rx)
mestranol/norethindrone (Rx)
BIPHASIC, ORAL
ethinyl estradiol/norethindrone (Rx)
TRIPHASIC, ORAL
ethinyl estradiol/desogestrel (Rx)
ethinyl estradiol/norethindrone (Rx)
ethinyl estradiol/norgestimate (Rx)
ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel (Rx)
fourphasic, oral estradiol valerate/dienogest
FOURPHASIC, ORAL
EXTENDED CYCLE, ORAL
ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel (Rx)
PROGESTIN, ORAL
norethindrone (Rx)
PROGRESSIVE ESTROGEN, ORAL
ethinyl estradiol/norethindrone acetate (Rx)
EMERGENCY
levonorgestrel (Rx)
ulipristal
medroxyPROGESTERone (Rx)
INTRAUTERINE
levonorgestrel (Rx)
IMPLANT
etonogestrel (Rx)
VAGINAL RING
ethinyl estradiol/etonogestrel (Rx)
TRANSDERMAL
ethinyl estradiol/norelgestromin (Rx)
D
E
ERYTHROMYCIN
erythromycin base (Rx)
erythromycin ethylsuccinate (Rx)
erythromycin lactobionate (Rx)
erythromycin stearate (Rx)
erythromycin (topical)
ACTION:
USES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
TREATMENT OF OVERDOSE:
erythromycin ophthalmic
erythromycin topical
escitalopram (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
CNS:
CV:
GI:
GU:
INTEG:
SYST:
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
esmolol (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
TREATMENT OF OVERDOSE:
esomeprazole (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
estradiol (Rx)
estradiol cypionate (Rx)
estradiol topical emulsion (Rx)
estradiol valerate (Rx)
estradiol transdermal system (Rx)
estradiol transdermal spray (Rx)
estradiol vaginal tablet (Rx)
estradiol vaginal ring (Rx)
estradiol gel (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
estrogens, conjugated, equine
estrogens, conjugated (Rx)(synthetic A)
estrogens, conjugated (synthetic B) (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
Estrogens, conjugated
Menopause
Prevention of osteoporosis
Atrophic vaginitis
Prostatic cancer
Advanced inoperable breast cancer
Abnormal uterine bleeding
Castration/primary ovarian failure
Hypogonadism
Estrogens, conjugated synthetic B
Menopause
Available forms:
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
eszopiclone (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
etanercept (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
etelcalcetide
USES:
Dosage and routes
ethambutol (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
etodolac (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
everolimus (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
evolocumab (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
exemestane (Rx)
USES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
exenatide (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
ezetimibe (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
F
G
H
I
INSULINS
RAPID ACTING
insulin aspart (Rx)
insulin glulisine (Rx)
insulin (Human)
insulin lispro (Rx)
SHORT ACTING
insulin, regular (OTC)
insulin, regular concentrated (Rx)
INTERMEDIATE ACTING
insulin, isophane suspension (NPH) (OTC)
LONG ACTING
insulin degludec
insulin detemir (Rx)
insulin glargine (Rx)
MIXTURES
insulin degludec, insulin aspart
insulin, isophane suspension and regular insulin (Rx)
isophane insulin suspension (NPH) and insulin mixtures (Rx)
NPH/regular insulin mixture
insulin lispro mixture (Rx)
insulin aspart mixture (Rx)
insulin, inhaled
ACTION:
USES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
Insulin glulisine
Insulin aspart
Insulin lispro
Human regular
Insulin, isophane suspension
insulin degludec
Insulin detemir
Insulin glargine
Insulin, inhaled
Regular insulin (ketoacidosis)
Replacement
Available forms:
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
TREATMENT OF OVERDOSE:
K
L
M
N
O
P
PENICILLINS
penicillin G benzathine (Rx)
penicillin G Potassium (Rx)
penicillin G procaine (Rx)
penicillin G Sodium (Rx)
penicillin V (Rx)
pentamidine (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
perampanel
USES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
perindopril (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
TREATMENT OF OVERDOSE:
permethrin
USES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
pertuzumab
ACTION:
USES:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
phenazopyridine (Rx, OTC)
ACTION:
USES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
TREATMENT OF OVERDOSE:
PHENobarbital (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
TREATMENT OF OVERDOSE:
phenylephrine (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
phenylephrine nasal agent
phenylephrine ophthalmic
phenytoin (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
phosphate/bisphosphate
USES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
physostigmine ophthalmic
phytonadione (vit K1) (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
pilocarpine ophthalmic
pilocarpine (oral)
USES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
pimavanserin
ACTION:
USES:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
Assessment
Patient problem
Implementation:
PATIENT/FAMILY EDUCATION
pimecrolimus topical
pioglitazone (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
piperacillin/tazobactam (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
TREATMENT OF ANAPHYLAXIS:
pitavastatin (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
plazomicin
ACTION:
USES:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
PRECAUTIONS:
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
plecanatide
ACTION:
USES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
SIDE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
polyethylene glycol
USES:
CONTRAINDICATION:
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
posaconazole (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
potassium/sodium phosphates
USES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
potassium acetate/potassium bicarbonate (Rx, OTC)
potassium bicarbonate potassium chloride (Rx, OTC)
potassium bicarbonate/potassium citrate (Rx, OTC)
potassium chloride (Rx, OTC)
potassium gluconate (Rx, OTC)
ACTION:
USES:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
pramipexole (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
pramoxine topical
prasugrel (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
pravastatin (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
prazosin (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
TREATMENT OF OVERDOSE:
prednisoLONE (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
prednisoLONE ophthalmic
predniSONE (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
Most Uses
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
pregabalin (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
TREATMENT OF OVERDOSE:
prochlorperazine (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
TREATMENT OF OVERDOSE:
progesterone (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
promethazine (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
proparacaine ophthalmic
propofol (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
TREATMENT OF OVERDOSE:
propranolol (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
TREATMENT OF OVERDOSE:
propylthiouracil (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
protamine (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
CONTRAINDICATION
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
pseudoephedrine (OTC)
ACTION:
USES:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
pyrazinamide (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
pyridostigmine (Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
CONTRAINDICATIONS
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
TREATMENT OF OVERDOSE:
pyridoxine (vitamin B6) (OTC, Rx)
ACTION:
USES:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
CONTRAINDICATION
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
INTERACTIONS
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
Z
Drug categories
Appendix A Selected new drugs
aclidinium/formoterol (Rx)
alpelisib
brexanolone (Rx) (REMS)
caplacizumab (Rx)
cladribine (Rx)
darolutamide (Rx)
diroximel
dolutegravir/lamivudine
entrectinib (Rx)
erdafitinib (Rx)
esketamine (Rx)
fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki
fedratinib (Rx)
istradefylline (Rx)
lasmiditan
Lumateperone
meropenem/vaborbactam (Rx)
pexidartinib (Rx)
polatuzumab vedotin (Rx)
ramucirumab
ravulizumab
risankizumab (Rx)
romosozumab-aqqg (Rx)
selinexor
solriamfetol (Rx)
tenapanor
ubrogepant
upadacitinib (Rx)
Appendix B Ophthalmic, nasal, topical, and otic products
OPHTHALMIC PRODUCTS
ANESTHETICS
lidocaine (Rx)
proparacaine (Rx)
tetracaine (Rx)
ANTIHISTAMINES
alcaftadine
azelastine (Rx)
cetirizine (Rx)
emedastine (Rx)
epinastine (Rx)
ketotifen (Rx, OTC)
levocabastine (Rx)
olopatadine (Rx)
ANTIINFECTIVES
azithromycin (Rx)
besifloxacin (Rx)
ciprofloxacin (Rx)
erythromycin (Rx)
ganciclovir (Rx)
gatifloxacin (Rx)
gentamicin (Rx)
levofloxacin (Rx)
moxifloxacin (Rx)
natamycin (Rx)
ofloxacin (Rx)
silver nitrate 1% (Rx)
silver nitrate
sulfacetamide sodium (Rx)
tobramycin (Rx)
trifluridine (Rx)
β-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS
betaxolol (Rx)
carteolol (Rx)
levobetaxolol (Rx)
levobunolol (Rx)
metipranolol (Rx)
timolol (Rx)
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS
brinzolamide (Rx)
dorzolamide (Rx)
CHOLINERGICS
(Direct-acting)
acetylcholine (Rx)
carbachol (Rx)
pilocarpine (Rx)
CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS
physostigmine (Rx)
CORTICOSTEROIDS
dexamethasone (Rx)
fluorometholone (Rx)
loteprednol (Rx)
prednisoLONE (Rx)
rimexolone (Rx)
MYDRIATICS
atropine (Rx)
cyclopentolate (Rx)
homatropine (Rx)
phenylephrine (OTC)
NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORIES
bromfenac (Rx)
diclofenac (Rx)
flurbiprofen (Rx)
ketorolac (Rx)
nepafenac (Rx)
SYMPATHOMIMETICS
apraclonidine (Rx)
brimonidine (Rx)
latanoprostene bunod (Rx)
OPHTHALMIC DECONGESTANTS/VASOCONSTRICTORS
lodoxamide
naphazoline (Rx, OTC)
oxymetazoline (Rx)
tetrahydrozoline (OTC)
MISCELLANEOUS OPHTHALMICS
bimatoprost (Rx)
latanoprost (Rx)
travoprost (Rx)
unoprostone (Rx)
β-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS
ANESTHETICS
ANTIINFECTIVES
ANTIINFLAMMATORIES
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITOR
DIRECT-ACTING MIOTIC
NASAL AGENTS
NASAL ANTIHISTAMINES
olopatadine (Rx)
NASAL DECONGESTANTS
azelastine (Rx)
EPINEPHrine (OTC)
oxymetazoline (OTC)
phenylephrine (OTC)
tetrahydrozoline (OTC)
NASAL STEROIDS
beclomethasone (Rx)
budesonide (Rx)
flunisolide (Rx)
fluticasone (Rx)
triamcinolone (Rx)
NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY
ketorolac (Rx)
TOPICAL GLUCOCORTICOIDS
TOPICAL ANTIFUNGALS
TOPICAL ANTIINFECTIVES
TOPICAL ANTIVIRALS
TOPICAL ANESTHETICS
TOPICAL MISCELLANEOUS
VAGINAL ANTIFUNGALS
OTIC ANTIINFECTIVES
Appendix C Vaccines and toxoids
Appendix D Abbreviations
Appendix E Immunization schedules
Appendix F Standard precautions
Appendix G Illustrated mechanisms and sites of action
Appendix H Photo atlas of drug administration
Appendix I Common herbs
Index
Safe medication administration guide
Nomogram for Calculation of Body Surface Area
Syringe Compatibility