Modern Systems Analysis and Design

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
PART ONE Foundations for Systems Development
AN OVERVIEW OF PART ONE
1 The Systems Development Environment
Learning Objectives
Introduction
A Modern Approach to Systems Analysis and Design
Developing Information Systems and the Systems Development Life Cycle
The Heart of the Systems Development Process
The Traditional Waterfall SDLC
Agile Methodologies
eXtreme Programming
Scrum
Agile in Practice
Object-Oriented Analysis and Design
Our Approach to Systems Development
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Problems and Exercises
Field Exercises
References
2 The Origins of Software
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Systems Acquisition
Outsourcing
Sources of Software
Choosing Off-the-Shelf Software
Validating Purchased Software Information
Reuse
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Problems and Exercises
Field Exercises
References
BEC CASE: THE ORIGINS OF SOFTWARE
Case Questions
3 Managing the Information Systems Project
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Pine Valley Furniture Company Background
Managing the Information Systems Project
Initiating a Project
Planning the Project
Executing the Project
Closing Down the Project
Representing and Scheduling Project Plans
Representing Project Plans
Calculating Expected Time Durations Using PERT
Constructing a Gantt Chart and Network Diagram at Pine Valley Furniture
Using Project Management Software
Establishing a Project Start Date
Entering Tasks and Assigning Task Relationships
Selecting a Scheduling Method to Review Project Reports
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Problems and Exercises
Field Exercises
References
Appendix: Object-Oriented Analysis and Design: Project Management
Learning Objectives
Unique Characteristics of an OOSAD Project
Define the System as a Set of Components
Complete Hard Problems First
Using Iterations to Manage the Project
Don't Plan Too Much Up Front
How Many and How Long Are Iterations?
Project Activity Focus Changes Over the Life of a Project
Summary
Review Question
Problems and Exercises
BEC CASE: MANAGING THE INFORMATION SYSTEMS PROJECT
Case Questions
PART TWO Planning
AN OVERVIEW OF PART TWO
4 Identifying and Selecting Systems Development Projects
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Identifying and Selecting Systems Development Projects
The Process of Identifying and Selecting IS Development Projects
Deliverables and Outcomes
Corporate and Information Systems Planning
Corporate Strategic Planning
Information Systems Planning
Electronic Commerce Applications: Identifying and Selecting Systems Development Projects
Internet Basics
Pine Valley Furniture WebStore
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Problems and Exercises
Field Exercises
References
BEC CASE: IDENTIFYING AND SELECTING SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
Case Questions
5 Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects
The Process of Initiating and Planning is Development Projects
Deliverables and Outcomes
Assessing Project Feasibility
Assessing Economic Feasibility
Assessing Technical Feasibility
Assessing Other Feasibility Concerns
Building and Reviewing the Baseline Project Plan
Building the Baseline Project Plan
Reviewing the Baseline Project Plan
Electronic Commerce Applications: Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects
Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Problems and Exercises
Field Exercises
References
BEC CASE: INITIATING AND PLANNING SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
Case Questions
PART THREE Analysis
AN OVERVIEW OF PART THREE
6 Determining System Requirements
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Performing Requirements Determination
The Process of Determining Requirements
Deliverables and Outcomes
Traditional Methods for Determining Requirements
Interviewing and Listening
Interviewing Groups
Directly Observing Users
Analyzing Procedures and Other Documents
Contemporary Methods for Determining System Requirements
Joint Application Design
Using Prototyping During Requirements Determination
Radical Methods for Determining System Requirements
Identifying Processes to Reengineer
Disruptive Technologies
Requirements Determination Using Agile Methodologies
Continual User Involvement
Agile Usage-Centered Design
The Planning Game from eXtreme Programming
Electronic Commerce Applications: Determining System Requirements
Determining System Requirements for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Problems and Exercises
Field Exercises
References
BEC CASE: DETERMINING SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
Case Questions
7 Structuring System Process Requirements
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Process Modeling
Modeling a System's Process for Structured Analysis
Deliverables and Outcomes
Data Flow Diagramming Mechanics
Definitions and Symbols
Developing DFDs: An Example
Data Flow Diagramming Rules
Decomposition of DFDs
Balancing DFDs
An Example DFD
Using Data Flow Diagramming in the Analysis Process
Guidelines for Drawing DFDs
Using DFDs as Analysis Tools
Using DFDs in Business Process Reengineering
Modeling Logic with Decision Tables
Electronic Commerce Application: Process Modeling Using Data Flow Diagrams
Process Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Problems and Exercises
Field Exercises
References
Appendix 7A: Object-Oriented Analysis and Design: Use Cases
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Use Cases
What Is a Use Case?
Use Case Diagrams
Definitions and Symbols
Written Use Cases
Level
The Rest of the Template
Electronic Commerce Application: Process Modeling Using Use Cases
Writing Use Cases for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Problems and Exercises
Field Exercise
References
Appendix 7B: Object-Oriented Analysis and Design: Activity Diagrams
Learning Objectives
Introduction
When to Use an Activity Diagram
Problems and Exercises
Reference
Appendix 7C: Business Process Modeling
Learning Objective
Introduction
Basic Notation
Business Process Example
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Problems and Exercises
Field Exercises
References
BEC CASE: STRUCTURING SYSTEM PROCESS REQUIREMENTS
Case Questions
8 Structuring System Data Requirements
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Conceptual Data Modeling
The Conceptual Data Modeling Process
Deliverables and Outcomes
Gathering Information for Conceptual Data Modeling
Introduction to E-R Modeling
Entities
Attributes
Candidate Keys and Identifiers
Other Attribute Types
Relationships
Conceptual Data Modeling and the E-R Model
Degree of a Relationship
Cardinalities in Relationships
Naming and Defining Relationships
Associative Entities
Summary of Conceptual Data Modeling with E-R Diagrams
Representing Supertypes and Subtypes
Business Rules
Domains
Triggering Operations
Role of Packaged Conceptual Data Models: Database Patterns
Universal Data Models
Industry-Specific Data Models
Benefits of Database Patterns and Packaged Data Models
Electronic Commerce Application: Conceptual Data Modeling
Conceptual Data Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture's
WebStore
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Problems and Exercises
Field Exercises
References
Appendix: Object-Oriented Analysis and Design: Object Modeling—Class Diagrams
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Representing Objects and Classes
Types of Operations
Representing Associations
Representing Associative Classes
Representing Stereotypes for Attributes
Representing Generalization
Representing Aggregation
An Example of Conceptual Data Modeling at Hoosier Burger
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Problems and Exercises
References
BEC CASE: STRUCTURING SYSTEM DATA REQUIREMENTS
Case Questions
PART FOUR Design
AN OVERVIEW OF PART FOUR
9 Designing Databases
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Database Design
The Process of Database Design
Deliverables and Outcomes
The Relational Database Model
Well-Structured Relations
Normalization
Rules of Normalization
Functional Dependence and Primary Keys
Second Normal Form
Third Normal Form
Transforming E-R Diagrams into Relations
Represent Entities
Represent Relationships
Summary of Transforming E-R Diagrams to Relations
Merging Relations
An Example of Merging Relations
View Integration Problems
Logical Database Design for Hoosier Burger
Physical File and Database Design
Designing Fields
Choosing Data Types
Controlling Data Integrity
Designing Physical Tables
Arranging Table Rows
Designing Controls for Files
Physical Database Design for Hoosier Burger
Electronic Commerce Application: Designing Databases
Designing Databases for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Problems and Exercises
Field Exercises
References
BEC CASE: DESIGNING DATABASES
Case Questions
10 Designing Forms and Reports
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Designing Forms and Reports
The Process of Designing Forms and Reports
Deliverables and Outcomes
Formatting Forms and Reports
General Formatting Guidelines
Highlighting Information
Color versus No Color
Displaying Text
Designing Tables and Lists
Paper versus Electronic Reports
Assessing Usability
Usability Success Factors
Measures of Usability
Electronic Commerce Applications: Designing Forms and Reports for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore
General Guidelines
Designing Forms and Reports at Pine Valley Furniture
Lightweight Graphics
Forms and Data Integrity Rules
Stylesheet-Based HTML
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Problems and Exercises
Field Exercises
References
BEC CASE: DESIGNING FORMS AND REPORTS
Case Questions
11 Designing Interfaces and Dialogues
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Designing Interfaces and Dialogues
The Process of Designing Interfaces and Dialogues
Deliverables and Outcomes
Interaction Methods and Devices
Methods of Interacting
Hardware Options for System Interaction
Designing Interfaces
Designing Layouts
Structuring Data Entry
Controlling Data Input
Providing Feedback
Providing Help
Designing Dialogues
Designing the Dialogue Sequence
Building Prototypes and Assessing Usability
Designing Interfaces and Dialogues in Graphical Environments
Graphical Interface Design Issues
Dialogue Design Issues in a Graphical Environment
Electronic Commerce Application: Designing Interfaces and Dialogues for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore
General Guidelines
Designing Interfaces and Dialogues at Pine Valley Furniture
Menu-Driven Navigation with Cookie Crumbs
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Problems and Exercises
Field Exercises
References
BEC CASE: DESIGNING INTERFACES AND DIALOGUES
Case Questions
12 Designing Distributed and Internet Systems
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Designing Distributed and Internet Systems
The Process of Designing Distributed and Internet Systems
Deliverables and Outcomes
Designing LAN and Client/Server Systems
Designing Systems for LANs
Designing Systems for a Client/Server Architecture
Cloud Computing
What Is Cloud Computing?
Managing the Cloud
Service-Oriented Architecture
Web Services
Designing Internet Systems
Internet Design Fundamentals
Site Consistency
Design Issues Related to Site Management
Electronic Commerce Application: Designing a Distributed Advertisement Server for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore
Advertising on Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore
Designing the Advertising Component
Designing the Management Reporting Component
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Problems and Exercises
Field Exercises
References
BEC CASE: DESIGNING DISTRIBUTED AND INTERNET SYSTEMS
Case Questions
PART FIVE Implementation and Maintenance
AN OVERVIEW OF PART FIVE
13 System Implementation
Learning Objectives
Introduction
System Implementation
Coding, Testing, and Installation Processes
Deliverables and Outcomes from Coding, Testing, and Installation
Deliverables and Outcomes from Documenting the System, Training Users, and Supporting Users
Software Application Testing
Seven Different Types of Tests
The Testing Process
Combining Coding and Testing
Acceptance Testing by Users
Installation
Direct Installation
Parallel Installation
Single-Location Installation
Phased Installation
Planning Installation
Documenting the System
User Documentation
Training and Supporting Users
Training Information Systems Users
Supporting Information Systems Users
Organizational Issues in Systems Implementation
Why Implementation Sometimes Fails
Security Issues
Electronic Commerce Application: System Implementation and Operation for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore
Developing Test Cases for the WebStore
Alpha and Beta Testing the WebStore
WebStore Installation
Project Closedown
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Problems and Exercises
Field Exercises
References
BEC CASE: SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
Case Questions
14 Maintaining Information Systems
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Maintaining Information Systems
The Process of Maintaining Information Systems
Deliverables and Outcomes
Conducting Systems Maintenance
Types of Maintenance
The Cost of Maintenance
Managing Maintenance
Role of Automated Development Tools in Maintenance
Website Maintenance
Electronic Commerce Application: Maintaining an Information System for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore
Maintaining Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore
Cannot Find Server
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Problems and Exercises
Field Exercises
References
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS
INDEX
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