Microbial Fuel Cells: Emerging trends in electrochemical applications

PRELIMS.pdf
Preface
Acknowledgement
Editor biographies
Dr Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim
Dr Asim Ali Yaqoob
Dr Akil Ahmad
List of contributors
CH001.pdf
Chapter 1 Introduction to microbial fuel cell technology
1.1 What is a microbial fuel cell?
1.2 Variation of microbial fuel cells based on their construction and use
1.3 Sediment microbial fuel cells
1.4 Plant microbial fuel cells
1.5 Solid waste microbial fuel cells
1.6 Important components of microbial fuel cells
1.7 Electrode materials used in a microbial fuel cell
1.8 Global energy, environment, and MFC contributions
1.9 Conclusions
References
CH002.pdf
Chapter 2 Basic principles and working mechanisms of microbial fuel cells
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Fuel cells and a brief introduction to the development of MFCs
2.3 Advantages of MFCs over other bioenergy processes
2.4 Basic principles and working mechanisms of MFCs
2.5 Energy generation through MFCs
2.6 The mechanism of electron transfer from the bacterial cell to the anode electrode
2.6.1 Electron transportation via electron-shuttle molecules
2.6.2 Redox-active proteins
2.6.3 Electron transportation via bacterial conductive pili
2.7 The bacterial community as a biocatalyst in MFCs
2.7.1 Anodic bacterial biofilm
2.7.2 Exoelectrogen isolation
2.7.3 Mixed consortia
2.8 Future perspectives
2.8.1 Modeling of the MFC set-up
2.8.2 Sensing and monitoring
2.8.3 Electrode materials for MFCs
2.8.4 The concept of electromicrobiology
2.8.5 Scaling up
2.9 Conclusions
Conflicts of interest
Acknowledgements
References
CH003.pdf
Chapter 3 Electrochemical characterization of microbial fuel cells
3.1 General aspects of microbial fuel cells
3.2 Fundamentals of the thermodynamics and calculations for describing potential in MFCs
3.3 Linear and cyclic voltammetry for the characterization of MFCs
3.4 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy applied to MFC characterization
3.5 Examples of applications of electrochemical techniques in MFCs
3.6 Conclusions and recommendations
References
CH004.pdf
Chapter 4 The effect of bioelectrochemical reactor design on the electrochemical performance
4.1 Introduction
4.2 General characterization of the systems
4.3 Reactors for microbial electrolysis cells and microbial electrosynthesis
4.3.1 Single-chamber systems
4.3.2 Single-chamber cube-type reactors
4.3.3 Cylindrical reactors
4.3.4 Bottle-type reactors
4.3.5 Column-type reactors
4.3.6 Rotating disk reactors
4.4 Two-chamber systems
4.4.1 H-cell reactors
4.4.2 Concentric tubular reactors
4.4.3 Two-chamber cube-type reactors
4.5 Significance evaluation of MET designs
4.6 Recent advances in reactor design
4.6.1 Miniaturized MFCs and screening tools
4.6.2 Laboratory-scale bioelectrochemical systems
4.6.3 Technical scale bioelectrochemical systems
4.7 Conclusion and future considerations
References
CH005.pdf
Chapter 5 Conventional electrode materials for electrochemical performance in microbial fuel cells
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Electrodes
5.2.1 Anode requirements for MFCs
5.2.2 Cathode requirements for MFCs
5.3 Electrode modification
5.3.1 Carbon-conducting polymer based composite electrodes
5.3.2 Metal/metal oxide based electrodes
5.3.3 Graphene and its modification
5.4 Conclusion
References
CH006.pdf
Chapter 6 The impact of biomass-derived electrodes on the electrochemical performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs)
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Required characteristics of electrodes for MFCs
6.2.1 Conductivity
6.2.2 Area and porosity of the electrode surface
6.2.3 Biocompatibility
6.2.4 Stability and long-term durability
6.3 Biomass-derived composite electrodes
6.3.1 Carbon anodes derived from biomass
6.3.2 Carbon cathodes derived from biomass
6.4 Economic feasibility of biomass electrodes
6.5 Challenges and future perspectives of electrodes in MFCs
6.6 Conclusions
References
CH007.pdf
Chapter 7 The role of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) in microbial fuel cell performance
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Chronology of PEM development
7.3 Types of PEMs used in MFCs
7.3.1 Ion-exchange membranes
7.3.2 Porous membranes
7.4 The working principle of PEM-based MFCs
7.4.1 Grotthuss mechanism
7.4.2 Vehicular mechanisms
7.5 The PEM functions in MFCs
7.5.1 Conduction of protons
7.5.2 As a separator and an insulator
7.5.3 Prevention of oxygen diffusion and fuel crossover
7.6 Membrane fouling
7.6.1 Major effects of membrane fouling
7.6.2 Mitigation of biofouling
7.7 PEM advances and improvement
7.8 Problems associated with PEMs for the commercialization of MFCs
7.9 Conclusions and recommendations
References
CH008.pdf
Chapter 8 Biocathode development through a green approach for energy generation in microbial fuel cells
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Biocathodes in MFCs
8.3 Properties of biocathode electrodes
8.4 Biocathode materials
8.5 Modification of biocathode material
8.6 Electron transfer mechanism in biocathode MFCs
8.6.1 Direct electron transfer mechanism
8.6.2 Indirect electron transfer mechanism
8.7 Energy performance in applications
8.8 Conclusion
References
CH009.pdf
Chapter 9 The effect of organic substrates on the generation of electrons in microbial fuel cells
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Materials and methods
9.2.1 MFC set-up
9.2.2 Preparation of electrodes
9.2.3 Preparation of the effluent sample
9.2.4 Preparation of the substrate
9.2.5 Preparation of the anolyte
9.2.6 Preparation of the catholyte
9.2.7 Experimental set-up and procedure
9.2.8 Calculations
9.3 Results and discussion
9.3.1 Characterization of substrate
9.3.2 Current generation
9.3.3 Voltage generation
9.3.4 Current and power densities
9.3.5 Statistical analysis of data
9.4 Conclusion
References
CH010.pdf
Chapter 10 The effects of operating factors on the electrochemical performance of microbial fuel cells
10.1 Introduction
10.2 The history and evolution of MFCs
10.3 Performance affecting factors for MFCs
10.4 Mechanism of electron transfer
10.5 Cell potential and microbial metabolism
10.6 Micro-organisms
10.7 Substrate
10.8 Anode
10.9 Catholyte and cathode
10.9.1 Catholyte
10.9.2 Cathode
10.9.3 Biocathodes
10.10 Membrane
10.11 Working conditions for MFCs
10.11.1 pH and salinity
10.11.2 Temperature
10.11.3 MFC architecture
10.12 The latest MFC designs for wastewater treatment
10.13 Future aspects
10.14 Conclusion
References
CH011.pdf
Chapter 11 Influence of micro-organisms on the electrochemical process of microbial fuel cells
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Microbial influence on MFCs via the production of biofilm
11.2.1 The formation of biofilm
11.2.2 The role of extracellular polysaccharides in biofilm regulation and formation
11.3 External factors influencing biofilms
11.4 The influence of quorum sensing signalling molecules on biofilm
11.5 The influence of extracellular polysaccharides and additional physical parameters on biofilms
11.6 Bioelectrogenesis and microbial metabolism
11.7 Electron transfer by micro-organisms in MFCs
11.7.1 Electron transfer from micro-organisms to electrodes
11.8 Micro-organisms with higher power generating potential in MFCs
11.9 Future recommendations
11.10 Conclusions
References
CH012.pdf
Chapter 12 Review of bioelectrochemical studies of microbial fuel cells
12.1 Introduction
12.2 MFC layout configuration and operation
12.3 Bioelectrochemical roles of components
12.3.1 Anode and cathode electrodes
12.3.2 Substrate (carbon energy source)
12.3.3 Micro-organisms
12.4 Bioelectrochemistry of MFCs
12.4.1 Transfer of electron mechanisms
12.4.2 Anodic and cathodic reactions
12.4.3 Biofilm electrogens
12.4.4 Biocathodes
12.5 Bioelectrochemical applications
12.5.1 Green energy generation
12.5.2 Bioremediation and treatment of wastewater
12.6 Future prospects and conclusions
References
CH013.pdf
Chapter 13 Comprehensive cost analysis of electrochemical performance in microbial fuel cells
13.1 Objective
13.2 Microbial fuel cells device
13.2.1 Single-chamber and double-chamber MFCs
13.2.2 MFCs with different electrode materials
13.2.3 Microalgae MFCs
13.2.4 Mixed water MFCs
13.2.5 Constructed wetland MFCs
13.3 Cost model
13.3.1 Net investment cost
13.3.2 Operating and maintenance cost
13.3.3 Cost per unit power
13.3.4 Cost analysis of a handmade MFC
13.4 Cost-benefit model
13.4.1 Revenue from electricity production
13.4.2 Revenue from wastewater treatment
13.4.3 Revenue per unit power produced
13.5 Cost–benefit ratio
13.6 Sensitivity analysis
13.7 Discussion
13.8 Conclusion
References
CH014.pdf
Chapter 14 Application of microbial fuel cells and other bioelectrochemical systems: a comparative study
14.1 Fundamental classification of bioelectrochemical systems
14.1.1 Bioelectrochemical energy generation systems (ΔG < 0)
14.1.2 Bioelectrochemical synthesis systems (ΔG > 0)
14.2 BESs in the role of bioremediation
14.3 Biosensing applications
14.3.1 BOD sensors
14.3.2 IoT sensor applications
14.3.3 Others
14.4 From the laboratory to field application of bioelectrochemical systems
14.4.1 Scale-up of bioelectrochemical systems
14.5 Techno-economic and sustainable assessment of BESs
14.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
CH015.pdf
Chapter 15 Commercialization of bio-electrochemical cell (microbial fuel cells): challenges and future perspectives
15.1 Introduction—microbial activity in BES
15.2 Revolution on BES configuration
15.3 A typical debatable issue in BES technology
15.3.1 Electrogenic bacteria survival
15.3.2 Electrogenic bacteria (EB) kinetic growth
15.3.3 The electrode-bacterium interaction
15.3.4 Electron transportation from EB
15.3.5 Environment condition for EB to grow
15.3.6 EB biofilm: growth progress and biofouling
15.3.7 EB competition in mixed cultured MFC
15.4 Reliability of MFC from polarization curve perspective
15.5 BES (MFC and MEC) at real site setup
15.6 Conclusion
References