Metal Oxides for Optoelectronics and Optics-Based Medical Applications

Front Cover
Metal Oxides for Optoelectronics and Optics-Based Medical Applications
Copyright
Contents
Contributors
Series editor biography
Preface to the series
Preface
Section A: Technology and properties
Chapter 1: Metal oxides for optoelectronic and photonic applications: A general introduction
1. Introduction
2. Properties of MOs
2.1. Optical properties of MOs
2.2. Stability of MOs
2.3. Conductivity of MOs
2.4. Transparency of MOs
2.5. Surface properties
2.6. Other properties
3. Chemical methods of MO synthesis
3.1. Sol-gel process
3.2. Combustion synthesis
3.3. Coprecipitation process
3.4. Electrochemical deposition method
3.5. Sonochemical method
3.6. Hydrothermal process
3.7. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)
4. Physical methods of MO synthesis
4.1. Ball milling process
4.2. Sputtering
4.3. Electron beam evaporation (EBE)
4.4. Electrospraying
4.5. Laser ablation
5. Concluding remarks/conclusions
References
Chapter 2: Recent developments in optoelectronic and photonic applications of metal oxides
1. Introduction
2. Metal oxides (MOs) for various applications
2.1. Photodetector
2.2. Photovoltaic solar cells
2.3. Photoresistors
2.4. Sensors
2.5. Phototransistors
2.6. Photocatalysts
3. Role of metal oxides for thin-film technology
4. Optoelectronic properties of metal oxides
5. Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Metal oxide-based glasses and their physical properties
1. Introduction
2. Preparation of metal oxide glasses
2.1. Preparation methods
2.1.1. Chemical routing
2.1.2. Thermal evaporation
2.1.3. Melt quenching and heat treatment
2.1.4. Gel desiccation
2.1.5. Sputtering
2.1.6. Shockwave formation
2.1.7. Other methods
2.2. Preparation of some fundamental metal oxide glasses
2.2.1. (GeO2)1-x(PbO)x
2.2.2. (TeO2)x(ZnO)1-x and (TeO2)(PbO, PbCl2)1-x
2.2.3. Ga2O3-PbO-Bi2O3
2.2.4. Bi2O3-PbO-B2O3-GeO2
2.2.5. Glasses doped with RE3+ ions
3. Properties of metal oxide glasses
3.1. Mechanical properties
3.2. Optical properties
3.3. Electrical and dielectric properties
4. Future aspects and applications
5. Summary and conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 4: Metal oxide-based optical fibers (preparation, composition, composition-linked properties, physical parameters ...
1. Introduction
1.1. General
1.2. Operation principle
2. Fabrication of optical fibers
2.1. Outside vapor deposition (OVD) [12-15]
2.2. Vapor axial deposition (VAD) [16]
2.3. Modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) [17]
2.4. Plasma-activated chemical vapor deposition (PCVD) [16]
2.5. Drawing and coating of optical fibers
3. Metal oxides in optical fibers formation
4. Applications of optical fiber
4.1. Metal oxides as electrochemical pH sensors
4.2. Metal oxide nanoparticles as gas sensors
4.3. Metal oxides in batteries
4.4. Metal oxides in antennas
4.4.1. Optical antennas for photonic applications
4.4.2. Transparent microstrip patch antennas
4.4.3. Thermal infrared detection antenna
4.5. Optoelectronics and electronics
4.6. Solar cells
4.6.1. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC/DSC)
5. Conclusions
References
Section B: Optoelectronic and photonic applications
Chapter 5: Metal oxide-based LED and LASER: Theoretical concepts, conventional devices, and LED based on quantum dots
1. Introduction
2. Different metal oxide nanostructures for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and UV detectors
2.1. Monolithic ZnO nanowire-based micro-light-emitting diode/metal oxide
2.2. Quantum dot LEDs with a solution process-based copper oxide (CuO) hole injection layer
2.2.1. Synthesis of CuO quantum dot (QD) solution for QDLED fabrication
CuO-based QDLED characterization and fabrication
2.2.2. Fabrication of oxide-metal oxide-based electrodes combined with an antireflective film to improve the performance ...
Fabrication of flexible oxide-metal oxide-based organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs)
3. Metal oxide-based LASER diodes
3.1. Photodetecting properties of single CuO-ZnO core-shell nanowires with a p-n radial heterojunction
3.2. Fabrication of a high-performance SiO2-p-CuO/n-Si core-shell structure-based photosensitive diode for photodetection ...
4. Quantum dots used for LEDs, LASERs, and conventional devices
4.1. Optically pumped quantum dot lasing and integrated optical cavities in LEDs
4.2. Single-pot synthesis of CdTexSe(1-x) quantum dot-based LED with red light emission
4.3. Sulfur quantum dot (SQD)-based nonlinear optics and different ultrafast photonic applications
4.4. Tandem quantum dot-based light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) with individual red, green, and blue emissions
5. Conclusions
6. Recommendations
References
Chapter 6: Metal oxide-based photodetectors (from IR to UV)
1. Introduction
2. Basic mechanism of metal oxide-based photodetection
3. Fundamental parameters of metal oxide-based photodetectors
4. Metal oxide-based photodetectors: Material selection, device design, and photosensing performances
4.1. Metal oxide nanomaterials
4.2. ZnO
4.3. TiO2
4.4. CuO
4.5. NiO
4.6. Ga2O3
4.7. V2O5
4.8. SnO2
4.9. MoO3
4.10. Ternary oxides
5. Biomedical applications of metal oxide-based photodetectors
6. Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 7: Optical and optoelectronic metal oxide-based sensors; (optical sensors, principle, computational modeling, and ap
1. Introduction
2. Zinc oxide nanowires
3. Deposition by using RF sputtering
4. Optical properties of the ZnO nanowires
5. Gas sensing mechanism
6. Experiment procedure
6.1. Zinc oxide nanowires on fiber optics
7. Optical H2 gas sensing setup
8. Results and discussion
9. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 8: Passive optoelectronic elements
1. Introduction to the fundamentals of passive optoelectronics
2. Relevant metal oxides for passive optoelectronics and their advantages
2.1. Selective optical filters
2.2. Thin-film polarizers
2.3. Antireflective and high-reflective coatings
2.4. Transparent conducting oxides
2.5. Photochromic devices
2.6. Optical waveguides
2.7. Splitters
2.8. All-optical modulators
2.9. Connectors and couplers
3. Conclusions
References
Chapter 9: Metal oxide photonic crystals and their application (designing, properties, and applications)
1. Introduction
2. Structure
3. Synthetic strategies for PCs
3.1. One-dimensional (ID)
3.2. Two-dimensional (2-D)
3.3. Three-dimensional (3-D)
3.3.1. Opals
3.3.2. Inverse opals
3.3.3. PC beads
4. Application
4.1. Biosensors
4.1.1. Glucose detection
4.1.2. Protein detection
4.1.3. Nucleic detection
4.1.4. Cholesterol detection
4.1.5. Pathogen detection
4.1.6. Cell carriers
4.1.7. Drug delivery and screening
4.1.8. Cell scaffolds and tissue engineering
4.1.9. Label-free cell imaging
4.1.10. Monitoring biological processes
5. Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: Heavy metal oxide glasses and their optoelectronic applications (infrared transmission, luminescence, nonline ...
1. Introduction
2. Optical properties of rare-earth ion-doped bismuth- and lead-containing borate glasses
2.1. Optical properties of europium (Eu)-doped HMOs
2.2. Photophysical properties of lead (Pb)-containing glasses
2.3. Photophysical properties of bismuth (Bi)-containing glasses
2.4. Third-order susceptibility of Bi2O3-based glasses
2.5. Photophysical properties of tellurium (Te)-, germanium (Ge)-, and zinc (Zn)-containing glasses
2.6. Optical properties of Bi2O3-GeO2 glasses
2.7. Photophysical properties of bismuth in zinc borate glasses
2.8. NLO properties of bismuth tungstate and lithium tetraborate composition glasses
3. Optical properties and applications of lead (II) oxide (PbO) glasses
3.1. Photonic applications of doped PbO glasses
3.2. Optical and spectroscopic properties of lead and bismuth in borosilicate glasses
3.3. Photophysical properties of lead oxide in Sb2O3-Na2O-WO3-PbO glasses
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 11: Integrated optoelectronics
1. Introduction
2. Electrooptical phenomena
2.1. Electrooptic sampling and photoconductive switch sampling
2.2. Electrooptic sampling
3. Integrated photonic devices
4. Waveguides including metal oxide glasses
4.1. Thin film fabrication processes
5. Light modulators
5.1. Classification of optical modulators
6. Optical switches
7. Metal oxides designed for these applications
7.1. Optoelectronic properties of metal oxides
8. Manufacturing features
9. Conclusion
References
Section C: Metal oxide-based optoelectronic devices in biomedical applications
Chapter 12: Metal oxide-based fiber technology in the pharmaceutical and medical chemistry
1. Introduction
2. Electrospinning-Cutting edge technology
2.1. Historical background of electrospinning
2.2. Conceptualization of electrospinning
2.2.1. Factors governing fiber diameter
2.2.2. Solidification
2.2.3. Deposition
2.3. Single-nozzle electrospinning
2.4. Multinozzle electrospinning
2.5. Coaxial electrospinning
3. Feed materials for electrospinning
3.1. Polymers
3.1.1. Natural polymers
3.1.2. Synthetic polymers
3.1.3. Conducting polymers
3.1.4. Small molecules
3.1.5. Colloids
3.1.6. Metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs)
Metal/carbonaceous nanofibers
4. Applications of electrospun nanofibers in biomedical and environmental sector
4.1. Tissue engineering applications
4.2. Wound healing/dressing
4.3. Drug delivery
5. Conclusion and future outlook
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 13: Metal oxide-involved photocatalytic technology in cosmetics and beauty products
1. Introduction
2. Overview of MONPs and their applications
2.1. Overview
2.2. Photocatalytic activity of MONPs
2.3. Engineered MONPs in cosmetics and beauty products
3. MONPs in cosmetics and beauty/personal care products
3.1. Selected MONPs as active ingredients in cosmetics and beauty care products
3.1.1. TiO2 as an active ingredient in cosmetics and beauty care products
Overview
Synthesis
Toxicity
3.1.2. ZnO as an active ingredient in cosmetics and beauty care products
Overview
Synthesis
Toxicity
3.1.3. SiO2 as an active ingredient in cosmetics and beauty care products
Overview
Synthesis
Toxicity
3.1.4. Al2O3 as an active ingredient in cosmetics and beauty care products
Overview
Synthesis
Toxicity
3.1.5. Iron oxide as an active ingredient in cosmetics and beauty care products
Overview
Synthesis
Toxicity
3.1.6. Ag2O as an active ingredient in cosmetics and beauty care products
Synthesis
Toxicity
4. Photocatalytic activity of MONPs in sunscreen products
4.1. Classification of sunscreen agents
4.2. Safety of sunscreens
5. Conclusions and future perspectives
References
Chapter 14: Illuminating metal oxides containing luminescent probes for personalized medicine
1. Introduction
1.1. Metal oxide in bioimaging and theranostics
1.2. Fluorescent probes in bioimaging
1.3. Combined effects of theranostics and antimicrobials
1.4. Metal oxides
2. Zinc oxide materials
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Zinc oxide in bioimaging and theranostics
2.3. Antimicrobial zinc oxide
2.3.1. UV-light irradiation
2.3.2. Visible light irradiation
2.3.3. Near infrared irradiation
2.4. Zinc oxide for amyloid detection and degradation against Alzheimer´s disease
3. Titanium oxide materials
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Titanium oxide in bioimaging and theranostics
3.3. Antimicrobial titanium oxide
3.3.1. Doping with non-metal elements
3.3.2. Doping with metallic elements
3.3.3. Doping with both metallic and nonmetallic elements
4. Other metal oxides
4.1. Zirconium dioxide
4.2. Yttrium oxide
4.3. Lanthanum oxide
4.4. Cerium oxide
4.5. Manganese oxide
4.6. Iron oxide
4.7. Tin oxide
5. Conclusion
References
Chapter 15: Metal oxide nanostructures and their biological applications (nonlinear photonics, plasmonic nanostructures, ...
1. Introduction
1.1. Approaches used in the study of MO-biomolecule interactions
1.2. Choice of metal (metalloid) oxide systems
1.3. Metal oxide nanoparticles: Research needs and opportunities in the biomedical field
2. Surface modification of metal oxide NPs: Biocompatibility and surface properties
2.1. Interaction of metal oxide NPs with biological systems
2.2. Interaction of nanoparticles with proteins
2.3. Interaction of nanoparticles with cells and tissues
3. Main types of metal oxide nanoparticles with potential use in biomedicine
3.1. Magnetic Iron oxide nanoparticles
3.2. Titania
3.3. Ceria
3.4. SiO2
4. Applications in biosystems
4.1. Biosensing
4.2. Bioimaging
4.3. Therapeutics
4.3.1. Drug and gene delivery
4.3.2. Cancer treatment strategies
5. Applications based on thermal effects
5.1. Photothermal therapeutics
5.2. Smart nanocarriers
5.3. Plasmonic tweezers
6. Applications of MONPs in biomedicine
6.1. Internal tissue therapy
6.2. Immunotherapy
6.3. Diagnosis
6.4. Nano-oxides in dentistry
6.5. Nano-oxides in hard tissue regeneration
6.6. Nano-oxides for wound healing
6.7. Nano-oxides used as biosensors
6.8. Antimicrobial nano-oxides
7. Nanotoxicology
8. Conclusions
References
Index
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