Metal-Halide Perovskite Semiconductors: From Physical Properties to Opto-electronic Devices and X-ray Sensors

Contents
About the Editors
Perovskite Materials: Application Perspective
1 Introduction
1.1 Perovskite as a Photovoltaics
1.2 Perovskite in X-ray Imaging
1.3 Perovskite Quantum Dots and Lasers
2 Perovskites for X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detection
2.1 Motivation
2.2 Perovskites as Scintillators
2.3 Perovskites as Direct Detectors
2.4 Perovskites as Flexible X-Ray Detectors
2.5 Case Study: CsPbBr3
3 Perovskite Material Properties
3.1 Perovskite Material Characterization
3.2 Perovskite Electronic Properties
3.3 Perovskite Charge Transport Properties
4 Looking Ahead
References
Perovskite Thin Film Growth Techniques
1 Introduction
2 Lab-Scale Thin-Film Fabrication
2.1 3D Perovskite Thin-Film Deposition
2.2 2D Perovskite Thin-Film Fabrication
3 Large-Scale Thin-Film Fabrication
4 Summary
References
Photophysics of Hybrid and Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskites
1 Introduction
2 Absorption
3 Carrier Dynamics
4 Low Excitation Intensities
5 Intermediate Excitation Intensities
6 High Excitation Intensities
7 Emission Quantum Yields
8 Ion Migration
References
Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes
1 Introduction
2 Device Architectures
3 General Device Operation
3.1 Charge Injection and Blocking
3.2 Charge Recombination
3.3 Energy Transfer/Funneling
3.4 Operating Voltages
4 Achieving Near-Unity Internal Quantum Efficiencies
4.1 Suppressing Bulk Nonradiative Losses
4.2 Suppressing Interfacial Nonradiative Losses
5 Light Outcoupling
5.1 Modification of Perovskite Layer Properties
5.2 External Optical Structures
6 Challenges
6.1 Operational Stability
6.2 Blue PeLEDs
6.3 Toxicity
6.4 Mini- and Micro-PeLEDs
7 Summary
References
Excitons in CsPbBr3 Halide Perovskites
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Methods
2.1 Synthesis
2.2 Low-Temperature Photoluminescence Measurements
2.3 Time-Resolved Photoluminescence (TR-PL) Measurements
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Low-Temperature Photoluminescence Spectroscopy
3.2 Transient Photoluminescence Spectroscopy
3.3 Polaron Strength Estimation
4 Summary and Conclusions
References
Charge Carrier Mobility of Metal Halide Perovskites: From Fundamentals to Ionizing Radiation Detection
1 Introduction
2 Basics of Carrier Transport
2.1 Optical Bandgap and Electron-Hole Pair Creation Energy
2.2 Carrier Mobility and Mobility-Lifetime Product
2.3 Defects, Doping, and Crystal Structures
2.4 Bulk Crystals Vs. Thin Films
2.5 Radiative Vs. Nonradiative
3 Mobility Characterization Methods
3.1 Contact-Required Methods
3.2 Contact-Free Techniques
3.3 Cross-Comparison of the Measurement Techniques
4 Discussion of the Reported Mobility: Theoretical and Experimental
5 Conclusions and Future Development
References
Advances in Organometallic Perovskites Enabled Radiation Detection Technologies
1 Introduction
2 Working Principles of Radiation Detectors
2.1 Direct Radiation Detectors
2.1.1 Detection of Alpha (α) and Beta (β) Particles
2.1.2 X-Ray Detection
Stopping Power
Ionization Energy (W±)
μh/e τ Product
Sensitivity
Energy Resolution
2.2 Indirect Radiation Detection
3 Desired Properties of Halide Perovskites for Radiation Detection
3.1 Large Stopping Power
3.2 Appropriate Bandgap and High Bulk Resistance
3.3 High μh/eτ Product
3.4 Inexpensive and Facile Growth Methods
3.5 High Light Yield
4 Halide Perovskites for Particle Detection
4.1 α-Particle Detectors
4.1.1 Direct Detection of α-Particle
4.1.2 Scintillators for α-Particle Detection
4.2 β-Particle Detectors
5 Halide Perovskites for X-Ray Detection
5.1 Direct-Type X-Ray Detectors
5.2 Indirect-Type X-Ray Detectors
6 Metal-Halide Perovskite Detectors for Space Applications
6.1 Charge Transport Layers
6.2 Substrate and Electrode
6.3 Encapsulation Materials
7 Challenges and Outlook
References
Solution Processable Metal-Halide Perovskites for Printable and Flexible Ionizing Radiation Detectors
1 Introduction
2 Material Considerations for Radiation Detection
2.1 Tailoring Perovskite Materials for Multifunctional Applications
2.2 Perovskite Materials and Structures
3 Printing Perovskite Devices
3.1 Perovskite Film Fabrication Methods
3.2 Printing Techniques
3.2.1 Spray Coating
3.2.2 Doctor-Blade Coating
3.2.3 Slot-Die Coating
3.2.4 Inkjet Printing
3.2.5 Roll-to-Roll Printing
3.3 Challenges for Printable and Flexible Metal-Halide Perovskite Films
4 Printable Metal-Halide Perovskites for Radiation Detection
4.1 Advances in Radiation Detection Performance
4.2 Radiation Stability
5 Conclusion and Outlook
References
Two-Dimensional Halide Perovskites for Radiation Detection
1 Introduction
2 Crystal Structure of 2D Halide Perovskites
3 Advances in the Development of 2D Halide Perovskites X-Ray Direct Detectors
3.1 The Key Parameters for X-Ray Direct Detectors
3.2 2D Halide Perovskites X-Ray Direct Detectors
4 2D Halide Perovskite Semiconductor for Alpha Particle Detection
5 Advances in the Development of 2D Halide Perovskite Scintillators for Radiation Detection
5.1 Alpha Particle Detectors
5.2 Beta Particle Detectors
5.3 Gamma-Ray Detectors
5.4 Neutron Detectors
6 Conclusion
References
Nonlinear Optical Properties in Perovskite Structure and Their Applications
1 Introduction
2 Synthesis and Processing of Perovskite Structures
2.1 Coprecipitation Method
2.2 Sol-Gel Method
2.3 Solid-State Reaction Method
2.4 Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Methods
2.5 Freeze-Drying Method
2.6 Magnetron Sputtering Deposition
2.7 Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD)
3 Nonlinear Optical Characterization Techniques and Recent Advances
3.1 Multiphoton Absorption and Nonlinear Refractive Index
3.2 Second-Harmonic Generation Techniques
3.3 Time-Resolved Ultrafast Optical Spectroscopy in Oxide Perovskites
4 Applications of Perovskite Oxide in Photonic Devices
4.1 Nonlinear Waveguides
4.2 Eletro-optic Modulators
4.3 Photovoltaic Solar Cells
4.4 Nonlinear Phononics
5 Conclusion and Perspectives
References
Perovskites as Catalyst Precursor for Hydrogen Production from Ammonia Decomposition
1 Introduction
2 Experimental
2.1 Catalyst Synthesis
2.2 Physicochemical Characterization
2.3 Catalyst Activity
3 Results
3.1 Effect of Fuel-to-Metal Nitrates Molar Ratio and Calcination Temperature
3.2 Synthesis of Bimetallic Ni–Co Perovskites
4 Conclusions
References
Defect Origin of the Light-Soaking Effects in Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
1 Introduction
2 Calculations Details
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Defect Properties in Perovskite MAPbI3
3.1.1 Defective Behavior of the Rigid Models
3.1.2 Anomalous Defects in MAPbI3
3.2 Calculation of the Ion-Migration Barriers
3.3 Effect of Doping on Ion Migration in Perovskite
3.4 Carrier Dynamic Behavior in Defective Systems
3.4.1 Analysis of Defect Carriers Based on Static Coupling Formalism
3.4.2 Analysis of Carrier Dynamic Behavior via the NAMD Method
3.5 LSEs in Perovskite
4 Conclusions
References
Single-Crystal Halide Perovskites for Transistor Applications
1 Introduction
2 Fundamentals of Field-Effect Transistors
2.1 Device Structure
2.2 Device Characterization
3 Main Features and Solution Processability of Perovskite Crystals
3.1 Materials Structures
3.2 Structure Diversity and Bandgap Tunability
3.3 Optical Features
3.4 Solution-Based Processability
3.4.1 3D Single-Crystal Perovskites
3.4.2 Low-Dimensional Perovskite Crystals
3.5 Superior Transport Features
3.6 Ion Migration Behaviors
4 Single-Crystal Perovskite FETs
4.1 Transistors Based on 3D Perovskite Thin Crystals
4.2 3D Perovskite Micro-/Nanoplate Transistors
4.3 Transistors by 2D Layered Perovskite Crystals
5 Challenges and Outlooks
References
“Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Modules: The Challenge of Upscaling and Commercializing This Technology”
1 Introduction
2 Manufacturing of Perovskite PV Modules
3 Performance Characterization
4 Reliability
4.1 Qualification and Safety Testing
5 Environmental and Health Risks
5.1 Future Work and Challenges
References
Perovskite Polycrystalline Film for X-Ray Imaging
1 Introduction
2 Recent Progresses
3 The Figures of Merit
3.1 Sensitivity and Detection Limit
3.2 Dark Current
3.3 Spatial Resolution and Detective Quantum Efficiency
3.4 Image Lag and Ghosting
4 Specific Topics
4.1 Film Thickness
4.2 Blocking Interface
4.3 Measurement Protocols
5 Conclusion
References
Index