Meso-Neoproterozoic Geology and Petroleum Resources in China

Preface
References
Contents
1 Advances in Meso-Neoproterozoic Isotopic Chronostratigraphy in China
1.1 Introduction
1.2 New Progress on the Meso-Neoproterozoic Chronostratigraphiy in NCC
1.3 Stratigraphic Hiatus of 1.2–1.0 Ga (Pt24) in Jixian Stratotype Section, NCC
1.3.1 Stratigraphic Position of the Precambrian Strata in Stratigraphic Column of Western Henan
1.3.2 The Stratigraphic Position of Precambrian Strata in the JLXH Region, NCC
1.4 The Stratigraphic Position of Qingbaikouan in the Stratigraphic Column
1.4.1 Qingbaikouan in NCC
1.4.2 Qingbaikouan Stratigraphic Correlation in Liaoning Peninsula, NCC
1.5 Chronostratigraphic Progress in the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt
1.5.1 Jiangnan Orogenic Belt (JOB)
1.5.2 New Recognition on the JOB
1.5.3 The Stratigraphic Position of Shuangxiwu Group in Western Zhejiang
1.5.4 Dating of Tieshajie Formation and the South Boundary of JOB
1.5.5 The Definition of Tectonic Events in the YC and JOB
1.6 Nanhuan in Yangtze Craton (YC)
1.6.1 Neoproterozoic Glacial Stage in the YC
1.6.2 Starting Time of the Bottom-Most Glacial Stage in the Nanhuan
1.7 Neoproterozoic Chronostratigraphy in Tarim Block
1.7.1 Neoproterozoic Stratigraphic Frame in Kuluktag
1.8 Meso-Neoproterozoic Stratigraphic Frame in China
References
2 Meso-Neoproterozoic Stratigraphic Sequences in the Yanliao Faulted-Depression Zone, North China Craton
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Historical Review
2.2.1 “Sinian System” Period
2.2.2 “Sinian Suberathem” Period
2.2.3 “Middle to Upper Proterozoic” Periods
2.2.4 The Stratigraphic Chart of China in 2013
2.3 Meso-Neoproterozoic Stratigraphic Sequences
2.3.1 Changchengian (Pt21)
2.3.2 Jixianian (Pt22)
2.3.3 Xiamaling Formation (Pt23x)
2.3.4 Qingbaikouan (Pt31 or Qn)
2.4 Geochronology and Chronostratigraphy
2.4.1 Stratigraphic Boundary and Dating Between the Xiamaling Formation and Qingbaikouan
2.4.2 Stratigraphic Boundary Between the Changchengian and Jixianian
2.5 Conclusions and Perspectives
References
3 Meso-Neoproterozoic Sequence Stratigraphy, Sedimentary Facies and Source-Reservoir-Seal Bed Assemblage in Jibei Depression, Yanliao Faulted-Depression Zone
3.1 Regional Geology
3.2 Sequence Stratigraphic Framework
3.2.1 Basis of Sequence Division
3.2.2 Recognition of Sequence Boundary
3.2.3 Stratigraphic Sequence Division
3.3 Sedimentary Environments and Lithofacies
3.3.1 Variation of Palaeo-Seawater Depth
3.3.2 Palaeo-Climate and Palaeo-Salinity
3.3.3 Sedimentary System and Lithofacies
3.3.4 Facies Analysis of Stratigaphic Sections
3.3.5 Sedimentary Mode
3.4 Source-Reservoir-Seal Bed Assemblage Within the Sequence Stratigraphic Framework
3.4.1 Control of Sequence on Source and Reservoir Beds
3.4.2 Configuration of Source-Reservoir-Seal Bed Assemblage
3.5 Conclusion
References
4 Research Progress of Ediacaran (Sinian) Biostratigraphy in South China
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Lithostratigraphy
4.3 δ13C Chemostratigraphy
4.4 The Characteristics of Microfossils Biota and the Biostratigraphic Succession of Microfossils
4.4.1 Characteristics of Microfossil Biota and Biostratigraphic Succession
4.4.2 International Biostratigraphic Correlation of Microfossils
4.5 Characteristics of Macrofossils Biota and Biostratigraphic Succession of Macrofossils
4.5.1 Characteristics of Typical Macrofossil Biota
4.5.2 Biostratigraphic Succession of Macrofossils
4.6 Biostratigraphic Succession and Chronostratigraphic Framework
4.7 Conclusion
References
5 Neoproterozoic Stratigraphy, Depositional Environments and Hydrocarbon Source-Reservoir-Seal Bed Assemblage in South China
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Neoproterozoic Stratigraphic Framework and Tectonic Background of South China
5.3 Tonian Sedimentary Cover of South China
5.3.1 General Characteristics and Spatial Distribution of the Banxi Group
5.3.2 Sedimentary Facies and Depositional Environments
5.3.3 Stratigraphic Subdivision and Correlation
5.4 Cryogenian System of South China
5.4.1 General Characteristics and Spatial Distribution
5.4.2 Sedimentary Facies and Environments
5.4.3 Stratigraphic Subdivision and Correlation
5.5 The Ediacaran (Sinian) System of South China
5.5.1 General Characteristics and Spatial Distribution
5.5.2 Sedimentary Facies and Environments
5.5.3 Stratigraphic Subdivision and Correlation
5.6 Source-Reservoir-Seal Bed Assemblages of South China
5.6.1 Tonian Source Beds
5.6.2 Cryogenian Source Beds
5.6.3 Ediacaran Source Beds
5.6.4 Potential Neoproterozoic Reservoir and Seal Beds
References
6 Characterization and Developmental Background of Global Precambrian Hydrocarbon Source Beds
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Global Records on Precambrian Hydrocarbon Source Beds
6.2.1 Africa
6.2.2 North America
6.2.3 Australia
6.2.4 Russia and Europe
6.2.5 Asia
6.3 Developmental Mechanisms of Precambrian Source Beds
6.4 Discussion
6.4.1 Low HI Values
6.4.2 Carbon Isotope Reversals
6.4.3 Indigeneity of Biomarkers
References
7 Palaeo-Oceanic Geochemistry and Sedimentary Environments of the Xiamaling Formation in the Yanliao Faulted-Depression Zone, North China Craton
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Geological Background
7.2.1 Stratigraphic Dating and Subdivision
7.2.2 Sedimentary Tectonic Setting and Depocenter
7.3 Lithology and Lithofacies of the Xiamaling Formation
7.4 Geochemical Parameters and Profiles
7.4.1 Significance of Palaeo-Oceanic Geochemical Parameters
7.4.2 Palaeo-Oceanic Geochemical Profile
7.5 Palaeo-Oceanic Geochemical Environments of Xiamaling Formation
7.5.1 Unit 4: Oxic to Weak Anoxic Environments
7.5.2 Unit 3: Non-Sulfidic Anoxic Environment and Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ)
7.5.3 Unit 2: Non-sulfidic to Partial Sulfidic Anoxic Environments
7.5.4 Unit 1: Sulfidic Anoxic to Non-sulfidic Environments
7.6 Sedimentary Cycle and Model of Xiamaling Palaeo-Ocean
7.7 Conclusions
References
8 Meso-Neoproterozoic Multiple Rifting and Magmatism in the North China Craton
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Rift System and Stratigraphy
8.2.1 Yanliao Rift
8.2.2 Xiong’er Rift
8.2.3 Zha’ertai-Bayan Obo-Huade Rift
8.2.4 Jiao-Liao-Xu-Huai Rift
8.3 Major Igneous Events
8.3.1 Taihang Igneous Event (ca. 1780 Ma)
8.3.2 Anorogenic Magmatism (ca. 1720–1620 Ma)
8.3.3 Yanliao Igneous Event (ca. 1320 Ma)
8.3.4 Dashigou Igneous Event (ca. 925 Ma)
8.4 Discussion and Conclusion
References
9 Neoproterozoic Magmatism and Tectonic Evolution in South China
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Pre-Neoproterozoic Crystalline Basement Rocks in South China
9.2.1 Yangtze Craton
9.2.2 Cathaysia Block
9.3 Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Neoproterozoic Magmatic Rocks
9.3.1 Yangtze Craton
9.3.2 Cathaysia Block
9.4 Neoproterozoic Petrotectonic Evolution in South China
9.4.1 Early Neoproterozoic (1.0–0.9 Ga) Basaltic Rocks
9.4.2 Mid-Neoproterozoic Basalts
9.4.3 Neoproterozoic Petrotectonic Association: From Sibao Orogen to Nanhua Rifting
9.5 Palaeo-Position of South China in Rodinia Supercontinent
9.6 Summary
References
10 Petrogenesis and Emplacement Age of the Gabbro-Diabase Sills Within the Mesoproterozoic Xiamaling Formation in Yanliao Faulted-Depression Zone, North China Craton
10.1 Regional Geological Setting
10.2 Petrology of Gabbro-Diabase Sills
10.2.1 Petrological Characteristics of Wall-Rock Alteration Zones
10.2.2 Petrology of Gabbrid
10.3 Geochemical Characteristics
10.3.1 Analytic Methods
10.3.2 Major Elements
10.3.3 Trace Elements
10.4 Emplacement Age of Magmatism: Baddeleyite Geochronology
10.4.1 Analytic Methods
10.4.2 Crystal Characteristics of Baddeleyite
10.4.3 Raman Spectroscopy of Baddeleyite
10.4.4 207Pb/206Pb Dating of Baddeleyite
10.5 Petrogenesis of 1400–1300 Ma Basic Igneous Rocks in the YFDZ
References
11 The State-of-Art of Global and Chinese Meso-Neoproterozoic Petroleum Resources
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Global Distribution of Meso-Neoproterozoic Petroleum Resources
11.2.1 Lena-Tunguska Petroleum Province in Siberian Craton
11.2.2 Moscow and Kama-Belsk Basins in East European Craton (Russia)
11.2.3 Sultanate of Oman Basins in Eastern Arabian Craton
11.2.4 India and Pakistan Basins in Indian Craton
11.2.5 Taoudenni Basin in West African Craton
11.2.6 McArthur Basin and Centralian Superbasin in Australian Craton
11.2.7 Midcontinent Rift System in the North American Craton (USA)
11.3 Distribution of Meso-Neoproterozoic Petroleum Resources in China
11.3.1 Chuanzhong Uplift and Anyue Gasfield in Western Yangtze Craton
11.3.2 Yanliao Faulted-Depression Zone (YFDZ) in North China Craton
11.4 Conclusions
References
12 Source Beds and Oil Charging to Alteration Histories of Fossil-Oil-Reservoirs in the Basal Sandstone of Xiamaling Formation, Jibei Depression
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Petrologic Characteristics of the Basal Sandstone in Xiamaling Formation
12.3 Occurrence of Fossil-Oil-Reservoir in the Xiamaling Basal Sandstone
12.3.1 Longtangou Fossil-Oil-Reservoir
12.3.2 Shuangdong Fossil-Oil-Reservoir
12.3.3 Lujiazhuang Fossil-Oil-Reservoir
12.4 Origin of Bituminous Sandstone and Alteration of Fossil-Oil-Reservoir
12.4.1 Oil Charging Age of Fossil-Oil-Reservoir
12.4.2 Emplacement Age and Wall-Rock Alteration Zones of Gabbro-Diabase Sills
12.5 Hydrocarbon Source of the Fossil-Oil-Reservoir
12.5.1 Effective Source Beds in the Jibei Depression
12.5.2 Hydrocarbon Source Correlation
12.6 Conclusions
References
13 Sinian Gas Prospectivity in the Western Yangtze Craton, Southwest China
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Outline and Progress of Sinian Gas Exploration
13.2.1 Exploratory Progress
13.2.2 Major Gas Exploratory Results on Chuanzhong Uplift
13.3 Potential Source Beds in Western Yangtze Craton
13.3.1 Lithology and Lithofacies
13.3.2 Hydrocarbon-Generating Potential
13.4 Characteristics and Distribution of Dengying Reservoir Bed 1
13.4.1 Vertical Distribution of Reservoir Beds
13.4.2 Reservoir Beds and Lithofacies
13.5 Oil and Gas Entrapment
13.5.1 Fossil-Oil-Reservoirs Formation
13.5.2 Secondary Cracking Gas Reservoirs
13.6 Conclusion
References
14 Sinian–Lower Cambrian Anyue Gasfield in Western Yangtze Craton
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Geological Background
14.2.1 Reginal Stratigraphy
14.2.2 Chuanzhong Uplift
14.2.3 Deyang-Ziyang Faulted-Sag
14.3 Hydrocarbon Source Beds
14.3.1 Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation (∈1q)
14.3.2 Lower Cambrian Maidiping Formation (∈1m)
14.3.3 Deng-3 Member (Z1dn3) in Dengying Formation
14.3.4 Lower Sinian Doushantuo Formation (Z1ds)
14.4 Reservoir Beds
14.4.1 Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation (∈1l)
14.4.2 Upper Sinian Dengying Formation (Z2dn)
14.5 Gas and Gas Reservoirs
14.5.1 Gas Composition
14.5.2 Gas Reservoirs
14.5.3 Longwangmiao Gas Reservoir
14.6 Conclusion
References
15 Occurrence and Genetic Mechanism of Large Asphaltic Veins at the Longmenshan Fronthill Belt, Western Yangtze Craton, South China
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Specific Geological Settings
15.2.1 Geological Evolution History of Palaeotectonics
15.2.2 Unique Dual-Layers Thin-Skinned Nappe Structure
15.2.3 Low Thermo-Evolutional Zone
15.3 Occurrence and Characteristics of the Asphaltic Veins
15.3.1 Distribution and Occurrence
15.3.2 Reserve Scale of Asphalt Veins
15.4 Enlightenments of Asphaltic Veins
15.5 Approach to Material Source of the Asphaltic Veins
15.5.1 Original Dengying Oil-Reservoir as Direct Oil Source
15.5.2 Doushantuo Black Shale as Oil Source Bed
15.6 Genetic Mechanism of the Large Asphaltic Veins
References
Index