Mechanical Engineering Principles

Cover
Half Title
Dedication
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Part One: Revision of Mathematics
1 Revisionary mathematics
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Radians and degrees
1.3 Measurement of angles
1.4 Triangle calculations
1.5 Brackets
1.6 Fractions
1.7 Percentages
1.8 Laws of indices
1.9 Simultaneous equations
Revision Test 1 Revisionary mathematics
2 Further revisionary mathematics
2.1 Units, prefixes and engineering notation
2.2 Metric–US/Imperial conversions
2.3 Straight line graphs
2.4 Gradients, intercepts and equation of a graph
2.5 Practical straight line graphs
2.6 Introduction to calculus
2.7 Basic differentiation revision
2.8 Revision of integration
2.9 Definite integrals
2.10 Simple vector analysis
Revision Test 2 Further revisionary mathematics
Part Two: Statics and Strength of Materials
3 The effects of forces on materials
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Tensile force
3.3 Compressive force
3.4 Shear force
3.5 Stress
3.6 Strain
3.7 Elasticity, limit of proportionality and elastic limit
3.8 Hooke’s law
3.9 Ductility, brittleness and malleability
3.10 Modulus of rigidity
3.11 Thermal strain
3.12 Compound bars
4 Tensile testing
4.1 The tensile test
4.2 Worked problems on tensile testing
4.3 Further worked problems on tensile testing
4.4 Proof stress
5 Forces acting at a point
5.1 Scalar and vector quantities
5.2 Centre of gravity and equilibrium
5.3 Forces
5.4 The resultant of two coplanar forces
5.5 Triangle of forces method
5.6 The parallelogram of forces method
5.7 Resultant of coplanar forces by calculation
5.8 Resultant of more than two coplanar forces
5.9 Coplanar forces in equilibrium
5.10 Resolution of forces
5.11 Summary
6 Simply supported beams
6.1 The moment of a force
6.2 Equilibrium and the principle of moments
6.3 Simply supported beams having point loads
6.4 Simply supported beams with couples
Revision Test 3 Forces, tensile testing and beams
7 Forces in structures
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Worked problems on mechanisms and pin-jointed trusses
7.3 Graphical method
7.4 Method of joints (a mathematical method)
7.5 The method of sections (a mathematical method)
8 Bending moment and shear force diagrams
8.1 Bending moment (M)
8.2 Shearing force (F)
8.3 Worked problems on bending moment and shearing force diagrams
8.4 Uniformly distributed loads
9 First and second moments of area
9.1 Centroids
9.2 The first moment of area
9.3 Centroid of area between a curve and the x-axis
9.4 Centroid of area between a curve and the y-axis
9.5 Worked problems on centroids of simple shapes
9.6 Further worked problems on centroids of simple shapes
9.7 Second moments of area of regular sections
9.8 Second moment of area for ‘built-up’ sections
Revision Test 4 Forces in structures, bending moment and shear force diagrams, and second moments of area
10 Bending of beams
10.1 Introduction
10.2 To prove that (Formula)
10.3 Worked problems on the bending of beams
11 Torque
11.1 Couple and torque
11.2 Work done and power transmitted by a constant torque
11.3 Kinetic energy and moment of inertia
11.4 Power transmission and efficiency
12 Twisting of shafts
12.1 To prove that (Formula)
12.2 Worked problems on the twisting of shafts
Revision Test 5 Bending of beams, torque and twisting of shafts
13 An introduction to matrix algebra
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Elementary matrix algebra
13.3 Addition and subtraction of matrices
13.4 Matrix multiplication
13.5 Two by two determinants
13.6 Three by three determinants
14 The matrix displacement method
14.1 Introduction
14.2 The matrix displacement method
14.3 The structural stiffness matrix (K)
14.4 Elemental stiffness matrix for a plane rod
14.5 Slope-deflection equations
14.6 Continuous beams
14.7 Analysis of pin-jointed trusses on SmartPhones, tablets and Microsoft computers
14.8 Analysis of continuous beams on SmartPhones, tablets and Microsoft computers
14.9 Analysis of rigid-jointed plane frames on SmartPhones, tablets and Microsoft computers
Part Three: Dynamics
15 Linear and angular motion
15.1 The radian
15.2 Linear and angular velocity
15.3 Linear and angular acceleration
15.4 Further equations of motion
15.5 Relative velocity
16 Linear momentum and impulse
16.1 Linear momentum
16.2 Impulse and impulsive forces
17 Force, mass and acceleration
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Newton’s laws of motion
17.3 Centripetal acceleration
17.4 Rotation of a rigid body about a fixed axis
17.5 Moment of inertia (I)
18 Work, energy and power
18.1 Work
18.2 Energy
18.3 Power
18.4 Potential and kinetic energy
18.5 Kinetic energy of rotation
Revision Test 6 Linear and angular motion, momentum and impulse, force, mass and acceleration, work, energy and power
19 Friction
19.1 Introduction to friction
19.2 Coefficient of friction
19.3 Applications of friction
19.4 Friction on an inclined plane
19.5 Motion up a plane with the pulling force P parallel to the plane
19.6 Motion down a plane with the pulling force P parallel to the plane
19.7 Motion up a plane due to a horizontal force P
19.8 The efficiency of a screw jack
20 Motion in a circle
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Motion on a curved banked track
20.3 Conical pendulum
20.4 Motion in a vertical circle
20.5 Centrifugal clutch
21 Simple harmonic motion
21.1 Introduction to simple harmonic motion (SHM)
21.2 The spring-mass system
21.3 The simple pendulum
21.4 The compound pendulum
21.5 Torsional vibrations
22 Simple machines
22.1 Machines
22.2 Force ratio, movement ratio and efficiency
22.3 Pulleys
22.4 The screw-jack
22.5 Gear trains
22.6 Levers
Revision Test 7 Friction, motion in a circle, simple harmonic motion and simple machines
Part Four: Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics
23 Heat energy and transfer
23.1 Introduction
23.2 The measurement of temperature
23.3 Specific heat capacity
23.4 Change of state
23.5 Latent heats of fusion and vaporisation
23.6 A simple refrigerator
23.7 Conduction, convection and radiation
23.8 Vacuum flask
23.9 Use of insulation in conserving fuel
23.10 Thermal efficiency
23.11 Calorific value and combustion
23.12 Heat exchangers
24 Thermal expansion
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Practical applications of thermal expansion
24.3 Expansion and contraction of water
24.4 Coefficient of linear expansion
24.5 Coefficient of superficial expansion
24.6 Coefficient of cubic expansion
Revision Test 8 Heat energy and transfer, and thermal expansion
25 Hydrostatics
25.1 Pressure
25.2 Density
25.3 Fluid pressure
25.4 Atmospheric pressure
25.5 Archimedes’ principle
25.6 Measurement of pressure
25.7 Barometers
25.8 Absolute and gauge pressure
25.9 The manometer
25.10 The Bourdon pressure gauge
25.11 Vacuum gauges
25.12 Hydrostatic pressure on submerged surfaces
25.13 Hydrostatic thrust on curved surfaces
25.14 Buoyancy
25.15 The stability of floating bodies
26 Fluid flow
26.1 Differential pressure flowmeters
26.2 Orifice plate
26.3 Venturi tube
26.4 Flow nozzle
26.5 Pitot-static tube
26.6 Mechanical flowmeters
26.7 Deflecting vane flowmeter
26.8 Turbine type meters
26.9 Float and tapered-tube meter
26.10 Electromagnetic flowmeter
26.11 Hot-wire anemometer
26.12 Choice of flowmeter
26.13 Equation of continuity
26.14 Bernoulli’s equation
26.15 Impact of a jet on a stationary plate
27 Ideal gas laws
27.1 Boyle’s law
27.2 Charles’ law
27.3 The pressure or Gay-Lussac’s law
27.4 Dalton’s law of partial pressure
27.5 Characteristic gas equation
27.6 Worked problems on the characteristic gas equation
27.7 Further worked problems on the characteristic gas equation
28 The measurement of temperature
28.1 Liquid-in-glass thermometer
28.2 Thermocouples
28.3 Resistance thermometers
28.4 Thermistors
28.5 Pyrometers
28.6 Temperature indicating paints and crayons
28.7 Bimetallic thermometers
28.8 Mercury-in-steel thermometer
28.9 Gas thermometers
28.10 Choice of measuring devices
Revision Test 9 Hydrostatics, fluid flow, gas laws and temperature measurement
A list of formulae for mechanical engineering principles
Metric to Imperial conversions and vice versa
Greek alphabet
Glossary of terms
Answers to multiple-choice questions
Index