Nanomaterials are materials with individual units ranging in size from 1 to 1000 nanometers. Nanomaterials research necessitates collaboration between materials science and nanotechnology, improved materials metrology, and synthesis. This book is made up of chapters that cover the most important aspects of nanotechnology. The majority of the subjects covered in this book are related to nanomaterial properties, synthesis, procedures, and applications. This edited book provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of this vital area. The different materials and their presentations in energy, ceramics, alloys, catalysis, membrane, pollution, and biomedical sciences are covered in this edited book. It addresses a range of aspects because these materials'structure can be tailored at extremely small scales to achieve specific properties, thus greatly expanding the materials science toolkit. It explores several applications that could potentially be used to improve the environment and to more efficiently and cost-effectively produce energy, such as producing solar cells that generate electricity at a competitive rate, so the book offers a valuable asset for a broad readership, including professionals, students, and researchers from materials science/engineering, polymer science, composite technology, nanotechnology, and biotechnology whose work involves various types of nanomaterials. Increased coverage of important background science makes this a valuable self-contained text, and extensive expanded referencing engages readers with the newest research and industrial advancements in the subject. This edited book contains twelve chapters of valuable studies from recent years.
Author(s): Kalpana Awasthi, Arti Srivastava, Mridula Tripathi
Series: Materials Science and Technologies
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 276
City: New York
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1
Hydrogen: Ultimate Alternative Energy Carrier
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Different Sources of Energy
3. Ultimate Alternative Energy Carrier
4. Hydrogen
4.1. Characteristics and Properties
4.2. Economy
4.3. Production
4.4. Storage
4.5. Transmission, Distribution (T&D) and Application
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 2
Theoretical Modelling on Hydrogenation Characteristics of Ball-Milled AB5-Type Hydrogen Storage Nanomaterial
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Theoretical Background of the Proposed Model
2.1.1. Activation and Kinetics
2.1.2. Pressure-Composition Isotherms
2.1.3. Hydrogen Storage Capacity
2.1.3.1. Thermodynamic Properties
2.1.3.2. Structural Parameters
2.1.3.3. Electronic Properties
2.2. Theoretical Modelling of Hydrogenation Characteristics of Ball-Milled AB5-Type Alloy
2.3. Ball-Milling Index (I)
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Application of the Present Model and Formulation
3.2. Verification of the Optimized Index
3.3. Prediction of Hydrogenation Properties Using the Model Proposed in the Present Study
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 3
Elemental Metal Hydride MgH2 for Promising Hydrogen Storage Applications
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Properties of MgH2 and Related Challenges
3. Synthesis Roots of Elemental Metal Hydride MgH2
3.1. High-Pressure Direct Hydrogenation Synthesis Root
3.2. Chemical Reaction Method
3.3. Autocatalytic Reaction Method
3.4. Solvothermal Method
4. MgH2 as Hydrogen Storage Material
4.1. Mechanical Alloying
4.2. Scaffolding
4.3. Nanoconfinement
4.4. Addition of Additive or Catalyst
5. Possible Mechanism for Hydrogen Storage in MgH2
6. Future Prospects
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 4
The Magical Green Fuel: Hydrogen
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Hydrogen Energy
2.1. Hydrogen as Energy Carrier
2.2. Hydrogen Cycle
2.3. Physical and Chemical Properties of Hydrogen
3. Current Hydrogen Energy Scenario
3.1. Hydrogen Production
3.2. Technical Targets for On-Board Hydrogen Storage Systems
3.3. Hydrogen Storage
3.3.1. Storage of Hydrogen in Gaseous State
3.3.2. Liquid State Storage System
3.3.3. Storage of Hydrogen in the Form of Hydrides
Conclusion
References
Chapter 5
High Entropy Materials: An Emerging Material for Battery and Supercapacitive Applications
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Classification and Working Principle of Supercapacitor
3. Efficiency of Supercapacitors
3.1. Materials Used for Supercapacitors Electrodes
3.1.1. Carbon-Based Electrode Materials
3.1.2. Conducting Polymer as Electrode Material
3.1.3. Metal Oxides as Electrode Material
3.2. Electrolyte
4. High Entropy Materials
4.1. Definition of High Entropy Oxides
4.2. Classification and Properties of HEOs
5. Synthesis Routes for High Entropy Materials
6. Electrochemical Properties of High Entropy Oxide
Summary and Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 6
A New Prospective of High Entropy Ceramics: Properties and Remarkable Applications
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Properties and Applications of High Entropy Ceramics
2.1. Lithium-Ion Batteries
2.2. Catalysis
2.3. Thermoelectric
2.4. Thermochemical Water Splitting
2.5. Thermal and Environmental Protection
2.6. Supercapacitors
3. High-Entropy Ceramics for Thin-Film Materials Applications
3.1. Diffusion Barriers for Microelectronic Applications
3.2. Wear-Resistant, Corrosion-Resistant and Oxidation-Resistant Coatings
3.3. Antiferromagnetic Layers for Spintronics
3.4. Electronic Ceramics
3.5. Biocompatible Coatings
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 7
History and Developments of Heusler Alloys
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Classification of Heusler Alloys
2.1. Full Heusler Alloy
2.2. Half Heusler Alloy
2.3. Inverse Heusler Alloy
2.4. Quaternary Heusler Alloy
3. Properties of Heusler Alloys
3.1. Thermoelectric Properties
3.2. Magnetic Properties
3.3. Mechanical Properties
4. Applications of Heusler Alloys
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 8
Carbon Nanotubes: One Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterial
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Carbon Nanotubes
3. Structural and Electronic Properties of Carbon Nanotubes
4. Different Synthesis Techniques for Carbon Nanotubes
4.1. Electric Arc-Discharge
4.2. Laser Ablation
4.3. Chemical Vapor Deposition Technique
5. Properties of Carbon Nanotubes
6. Applications of Carbon Nanotubes
6.1. Water Filtration
6.2. Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding
6.3. Electronic Devices as Field-Emission Sources
6.4. Sensors
6.5. Gas and Hydrogen Storage
6.6. Hydrogen Production
Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 9
Graphene: A Green, Metal Free and Sustainable Catalyst
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Reaction Catalyzed by Graphene
2.1. Oxidation and Hydration Reactions Catalyzed by Graphene Oxide
2.2. Graphene Oxide Mediated Solvent-Free Three Component Reaction
2.3. Metal-Free Oxidation of Biomass-Derived 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural
3. Michael Addition Reaction Catalyzed by Graphene and Their Forms
3.1. Aza-Michael Addition of Amines to Activated Alkene
3.2. Thiol-Michael Addition Click Chemistry
3.3. Graphene Oxide as a Recyclable Phase Transfer Catalyst for Michael Addition
4. Condensation Reactions Performed by Graphene and Their Forms
4.1. Graphene Oxide with Ethylenediamine as a Solid Base Catalyst for Knoevenagel Condensation Reaction
4.2. Oxidative Condensation of Toluene and Hydrazine/Aniline Catalyzed by Copper Complex Immobilized on Functionalized Graphene Oxide
4.3. Knoevenagel Condensation of Aldehydes with Malononitrile
5. Cyclocondensation Reaction
6. Trans-Esterification
Conclusion
References
Chapter 10
Graphene Based 2-D Nanocomposites for Heavy Metal Ions Detection
Abstract
1. Introduction
1.1. Heavy Metal Ions
2. Heavy Metal Ions Detection Techniques
3. Go-Based Nanomaterials for Detection of HMIs in Water
3.1. Heteroatom Doped GO
3.2. GO/Metal Nanoparticles Composite
3.3. GO/Metal Oxide Nanocomposites
3.4. GO/Organic Materials Composite
3.5. GO/Polymer Composite
3.6. 3D Graphene Based Materials
4. Various Advanced Approaches for Detection of HMI from Aqueous Medium
4.1. Screen Printed Electrodes
4.2. Microelectrode and Nanoelectrode Arrays
4.3. Microfluidic Electrochemical (EC) Devices
5. Challenges, Issues and Opportunities
Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 11
A Brief Overview on Binary Pyridyl, Ternary Pyridyl and Triphenylphosphine Based Supramolecular Polymeric Complexes of Cu(I)
Abstract
1. Introduction
1.1. A Brief Introduction to Supramolecular Chemistry
2. An Overview of Coordination Polymer
3. Versatile Coordination Architectures of Cu(I)
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 12
A Literature Review on Asymmetric Membranes Based on Poly (Ethylene-Co-Vinyl Alcohol) Polymer
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Preparation of Asymmetric Membranes Based on EVAL
2.1. Solvent Casting
2.2. Phase Inversion
2.2.1. Non-Solvent Induced Phase Separation
2.2.2. Immersion-Precipitation
2.2.3. Thermally Induced Phase Separation (TIPS)
2.2.4. Dry Cast Phase Inversion
2.2.5. Electrospinning
Conclusion
References
Editors’ Contact Information
Index
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