Luminescent Materials: Fundamentals and Applications

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Half Title
Also of Interest
Luminescent Materials: Fundamentals and Applications
Copyright
Preface
Contents
List of contributors
1. Luminescence: basic definitions, processes, and properties
1.1 Types of luminescence
1.2 Main characteristics of luminescence
1.3 A few examples of photoluminescence
1.3.1 Intraconfigurational 3d–3d transitions of Mn4+ and Cr3+ ions
1.3.2 Intraconfigurational 4f–4f transitions of Eu3+ ions
1.3.3 Interconfigurational 5d–4f transitions of Ce3+ (4f1) and Eu2+ (4
1.4 Conclusions
References
2. Reinterpreting the Judd–Ofelt parameters based on recent theoretical advances
2.1 Introduction
2.2 4f–4f transition characteristics
2.2.1 The electric dipole mechanism: the Judd–Ofelt theory
2.2.2 The average energy denominator approach
2.2.3 The dynamic coupling mechanism
2.2.4 Summarizing the theory
2.3 A brief review of correlations and interpretations of the intensity parameters
2.3.1 A brief review of gaseous lanthanide halide complexes
2.3.2 Selected experimental intensity parameters
2.4 JOYSpectra functionalities for intensity parameters
2.4.1 Covalency and intensity parameters: selected cases
2.4.2 Thermal effects on structures and intensity parameters
2.5 Concluding remarks
References
3. The angular overlap model: a chemically intuitive way to describe the ligand field of coordination compounds
3.1 Introductory remarks
3.2 Crystal field theory: the symmetry approach to coordination compou
3.2.1 Qualitative description of the splitting of orbitals in crystal
3.2.2 The Wybourne parametrization of the crystal field potential
3.2.3 Limitations of crystal field theory and the symmetry-based approach
3.3 The angular overlap model of ligand field theory: exploiting the coordination geometry and chemical intuition
3.3.1 Foundations of the angular overlap model and conceptual difference to the Wybourne parametrization
3.3.2 Interpretation of the angular overlap parameters in chemical context
3.3.3 Ligand field splitting in octahedral coordination compounds: the angular model in action
3.4 The angular overlap model in action – applications in magnetism and optical spectroscopy
3.4.1 Quenching of paramagnetism of lanthanoid ions due to the ligand field - case study of Pr3+
3.4.2 Modeling of subtle ligand field effects on the optical spectra of Sm3+ and Eu3+ in inorganic compounds with the AOM
3.4.3 Perspective on ab initio ligand field theory – towards a prediction of AOM parameters?
References
4. All-inorganic lead-free luminescent metal halide perovskite and perovskite derivatives
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Definition of all-inorganic MHPs and their derivatives
4.3 Syntheses of MHPs and their derivatives: single crystals and nanocrystals
4.3.1 MHPs and their derivatives: single crystal
4.3.1.1 Solid-state method
4.3.1.2 Hydrothermal/solvothermal method
4.3.1.3 Solution evaporation method
4.3.2 MHPs and their derivatives: nanocrystals
4.3.2.1 Hot-injection method
4.3.2.2 Antisolvent recrystallization method
4.3.2.3 Vapor-phase epitaxial method
4.4 Examples of all-inorganic MHPs and their derivatives
4.4.1 The ABX3 type
4.4.2 The A2BX4 type
4.4.3 The A2BX6 type
4.4.4 The A3B2X9 type
4.4.5 Other Sb(III)- and Bi(III)-based MHP derivatives
4.4.6 All Mn(II)-based MHP derivatives
4.4.7 All Cu(I)-based MHP derivatives
4.4.8 A2InX5·H2O and A3InX6
4.4.9 Double perovskites
4.5 Luminescent mechanism of MHPs and their derivatives
4.6 Photonic applications of MHPs and their derivatives
4.7 Conclusion and outlook
References
5. Influence of Au0 particles on luminescence efficiency of Ho3+ ions in PbO–B2O3–SeO2 glass ceramics: the role of free volume defects – exploration using PALS studies
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Experimental
5.3 Results and discussion
5.4 Conclusions
References
6. Garnet persistent phosphors
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Garnet structure
6.2.1 Unit lattice
6.2.2 Dodecahedral {A} site and octahedral [B] site for luminescence ions
6.2.3 Electronic structure of garnet compounds
6.3 Ce3+:5d energy level in garnet
6.3.1 Variation of Ce3+:5d–4f energy in garnet
6.3.2 Relationship between crystal field splitting and crystal structure
6.4 Persistent luminescence mechanism
6.4.1 Carrier generation, trapping, and detrapping
6.5 Design of persistent phosphors
6.5.1 VRBE diagram
6.5.2 Ce3+-doped garnet persistent phosphors
6.5.3 Pr3+- and Tb3+-doped persistent phosphors
6.5.4 Cr3+ deep red persistent phosphors
6.5.5 Er3+, Nd3+ near-infrared persistent phosphors
References
7. Luminescent nanoparticles for bioimaging applications
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Near-infrared luminescence: the role of the biological windows
7.3 Upconverting nanoparticles
7.4 Upconversion mechanisms
7.4.1 Excitation
7.4.2 Emission
7.4.3 Bioimaging applications
7.5 Persistent luminescence imaging
7.5.1 Charging and persistent luminescence duration
7.5.2 Biological considerations
7.5.3 Emission
7.5.4 Applications
7.6 Conclusions and outlook
References
8. Transition metal ion-based phosphors for LED applications
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Fundamentals of luminescence mechanism
8.3 Tanabe–Sugano diagram
8.3.1 Tanabe–Sugano diagram of d3 configuration
8.3.2 Tanabe–Sugano diagram of d7 configuration
8.4 Mn-activated phosphors
8.4.1 Mn4+-activated oxide phosphors
8.4.2 Mn4+-activated fluoride phosphors
8.5 White LEDs for lighting applications
8.6 White LEDs for backlighting applications
8.7 Near-infrared LED
8.8 Cr-doped oxide phosphors
8.8.1 Cubic crystal system
8.8.2 Spinel and inverse spinel structures
8.8.3 Hexagonal crystal systems
8.8.4 Monoclinic crystal systems
8.8.5 Orthorhombic crystal systems
8.9 Cr-doped fluoride phosphors
8.10 Applications of NIR LEDs
8.10.1 NIR spectroscopy
8.10.2 Plant growth
8.10.3 Optical thermometry
8.11 Future perspectives
References
9. UV-emitting phosphors: from fundamentals to applications
9.1 Historical introduction
9.2 UV radiation sources
9.2.1 Hg low-pressure discharge lamps
9.2.2 Dielectric barrier Xe excimer discharge lamps
9.2.3 Other excimer discharges (KrCl✶, XeBr✶, and XeCl✶)
9.2.4 Inorganic (Al,Ga)N and (In,Ga)N LEDs
9.3 Fundamentals of UV-emitting phosphors
9.3.1 Host materials
9.3.2 Activator ions
9.4 UV phosphors for Hg discharge lamps
9.4.1 UV-A and UV-B phosphors
9.4.2 UV-B and UV-C phosphors for 185.0 nm line conversion
9.5 UV phosphors for excimer discharge lamps
9.5.1 UV-C-emitting phosphors
9.5.2 VUV phosphors
9.5.3 Light yield
9.6 UV Phosphors for (Al,Ga)N LEDs
9.7 Application areas of UV radiation sources
9.7.1 Disinfection
9.7.2 Water treatment
9.7.3 Photopolymerization
9.7.4 Photochemistry
9.8 Conclusions and outlook
References
10. Metal-to-metal charge transfer involving Pr3+ or Tb3+ ions in transition metal oxides and its consequences on the luminescence behaviors
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Luminescence quenching induced by the MMCT state in Pr3+- and Tb3+-doped oxides
10.2.1 The model and its evolution: Pr3+-doped lattices
10.2.2 Tb3+-doped lattices
10.2.3 The CT states and the location of the lanthanide impurity levels in transition metal complex compounds
10.2.4 Effect of temperature and application in optical thermometry
10.2.5 Effect of hydrostatic pressure
10.3 Summary
References
11. Luminescence of Bi3+ in oxides with perovskite structures
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Energy level scheme and the optical transitions
11.3 Luminescence of Bi3+ in the orthorhombic perovskites
11.3.1 Crystal structure
11.3.2 Luminescence of Bi3+ in CaB4+O3 (B = Zr, Hf, Ti)
11.3.3 Thermal quenching of the Bi3+ luminescence in the perovskites
11.3.4 The VRBE scheme of Bi3+ in perovskites
11.3.5 The luminescence of Bi3+ in Sr(Sn,Zr)O3
11.3.6 Nature of (Ca,Sr)B4+O3:Bi3+ emission in relation to the host band gap
11.3.7 Luminescence of Bi3+ in LnB3+O3 (Ln = Y, Gd, La; B = Al, Ga, In) orthorhombic perovskites
11.3.8 Nature of LnB3+O3:Bi3+ emission in relation to the host band gap
11.3.9 The absolute energy location of the Bi3+ energy levels relative to the intrinsic of the orthorhombic perovskite hosts
11.4 The luminescence of Bi3+ in zirconate compounds
11.5 Luminescence of Bi3+ in the titanates with emphasis on the double perovskite Ln2MgTiO6
11.6 Conclusions
References
Index