Liu's Principles and Practice of Laboratory Mouse Operations: A Surgical Atlas

Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Part I: The Basics
Introduction
1: Pre-operatively
1 Safety: Safety of Personnel; Safety of the Mice
1.1 Background
1.2 Secure Environment
1.3 Personal Protection
1.4 Safe Operation
2 Techniques for Controlling the Mouse: Basic Techniques and Variations
2.1 Background
2.2 Basic Principles for Handling Mice
2.3 Handling, Grasping, and Restraining: Basic “V” Technique
2.4 Two-hand Control Technique
2.4.1 Discussion of the Two-hand Control Technique
2.5 One-hand Control Technique
2.5.1 One-hand Control Steps
2.5.2 Discussion of the One-hand Control Technique
2.6 Gender Identification Control Technique
2.6.1 Procedure
2.7 One-hand Limited Control Technique
3 Transfer of Mice: Basic Techniques and Variations
3.1 Background
3.2 Transferring and Handling Techniques
4 Injection of Anesthesia: Subcutaneous, Intravenous, Intramuscular and Peritoneal Injections
4.1 Background
4.1.1 Intramuscular Injection
4.1.2 Intraperitoneal Injection
4.1.3 Subcutaneous Injection
4.1.4 Intravenous Injection
5 Inhalation of Anesthesia: Safe and Effective, Design and Use of Mouse Anesthesia Mask
5.1 Background
5.2 Safe Application
5.3 Control of the Anesthesia Depth
5.4 Control of the Body Temperature Under Anesthesia
5.5 Two Types of Anesthesia Devices
5.6 Discussion/Comments
2: Commonly Used Tools
1 Use of Forceps: Use in 15 Different Ways in Mouse Surgery
1.1 Background
1.2 Forceps Holding
1.3 How to Use Forceps
1.4 Technique 1: Grasp with Forceps Tip
1.5 Technique 2: Lift Up Tissue or Give Support from Below Using the Forceps Tip
1.6 Technique 3: A Variation of #2
1.7 Technique 4: Steadying the Tissue with Forceps
1.8 Technique 5: Cutting Suture with Forceps
1.9 Technique 6: Dilating with the Forceps
1.10 Technique 7: Measurement with Head of Micro Forceps
1.11 Technique 8: Giving Support with the Side of the Forceps
1.12 Technique 9: Piercing with the Tip of Point Forceps
1.13 Technique 10: Blunt Dissection
1.14 Technique 11: Tying a Knot (Fig. 2.16)
1.15 Technique 12: Exploration or Probing
1.16 Technique 13: Locking Forceps
1.17 Technique 14: To Open or Spread Apart a Structure
1.18 Technique 15: Pressing, Gliding with Side of Forceps to Express Something (Fig. 2.22)
2 Using Scissors: Use of Tip, Blade, and Back
2.1 Background
2.2 Different Ways of Holding Scissors
2.3 Eight Techniques of Using Scissors
3 Use of Syringes: Their Use in Mouse vs Human
3.1 Background
3: Commonly Used Regional Exposure
1 Body Position
1.1 Background
1.2 Anatomical Positions
1.2.1 Sectional Plants
1.3 Commonly Used Position for Operation in Mice
1.4 Discussion/Comments
2 Skull Exposure: Exposure and Bone Thinning Technique
2.1 Background
2.2 Anatomy
2.3 Special Instruments
2.4 Technique (Fig. 3.16a)
2.5 Discussion/Comments
3 Sublingual Vein Exposure
3.1 Background
3.2 Anatomy
3.3 Instruments
3.4 Technique (Fig. 3.25a)
3.5 Discussion/Comments
4 Anterior Neck: Exposure of Subcutaneous Glands, Lymph Nodes, and Muscles
4.1 Background
4.2 Anatomy
4.2.1 Glands
4.2.2 Muscles
4.3 Special Equipment and Instruments
4.4 Technique (Fig. 3.32a)
4.5 Discussion/Comments
5 External Jugular Vein: Anatomy of the Entire Vein and Its Branches
5.1 Background
5.2 Anatomy
5.3 Instruments and Equipment
5.4 Technique (Fig. 3.34a)
5.5 Discussion/Comments
6 Expose the Common Carotid Artery: Its Relationship with the Neck Muscles
6.1 Background
6.2 Anatomy
6.3 Instruments
6.4 Technique (Fig. 3.37a)
6.5 Discussion/Comments
7 Thoracotomy: Anterior vs Posterior Approach
7.1 Background
7.2 Anatomy
7.3 Instruments
7.4 Technique 1: Ventral Approach
7.5 Technique 2: Dorsal Approach (Fig. 3.41a)
7.6 Discussion/Comments
8 Laparotomy: Use of Scissors in Mouse vs Human
8.1 Background
8.2 Anatomy
8.2.1 Surgical Laparotomy
Instruments
Technique (Fig. 3.47a)
8.3 Discussion/Comments
8.3.1 Anatomical Laparotomy
Instruments and Equipment
Anatomical Laparotomy Technique (Fig. 3.49a)
9 Abdominal Aorta: Design and Use of an Exposure Ring; Appendix: The Design and Use of a Ring Retractor
9.1 Background
9.2 Anatomy
9.2.1 Conventional Method to Expose the Abdominal Aorta
Special Equipment and Instruments
Technique
Discussion/Comments: Reasons for Bleeding
9.2.2 The Design and Use of a Ring Retractor for Exposing the Abdominal Aorta
Background
The Ring Retractor
Technique
Discussion/Comments
10 Inguinal Region: Anatomy and Surgical Technique
10.1 Background
10.2 Anatomy
10.3 Instruments
10.4 Technique (Fig. 3.62a)
10.5 Discussion/Comments
10.6 Appendix: Anatomy of the Blood Vessels of the Inner Thigh
10.6.1 Background
10.6.2 Anatomy
11 Skin Preparation
11.1 Background
11.2 Anatomy
11.3 Instrument
11.4 Technique 1: Hair Clipper
11.5 Technique 2: Safety Razor
11.6 Technique 3: Depilation Agent
11.7 Discussion/Comments
12 Skinning Mouse: A Technique for Harvesting Subcutaneous Glands
12.1 Background
12.2 Anatomy
12.3 Instrument
12.4 Skinning Technique
12.5 Discussion/Comments
13 Tail-Tearing: Rapid Exposure of Posterior Thoracic and Abdominal Space
13.1 Background
13.2 Anatomy
13.3 Instrument
13.4 Technique (Fig. 3.79a)
13.5 Discussion/Comment
Part II: Collecting Specimen
Introduction
4: Basic Principles of Specimen Collection
1 Basic Principles: An Overview, the Design, and Use of a Dissection Board
1.1 Background
5: Harvesting an Organ
1 The Brain: Harvest an Intact Brain
1.1 Background
1.2 Anatomy
1.3 Instruments
1.4 Methods (Fig. 5.3a)
1.5 Discussion/Comments
2 Eye Globe and Optic Nerve: For Pathological Preparation
2.1 Background
2.2 Anatomy
2.3 Instrument
2.4 Basic Enucleation Technique
2.5 Specimen Collection of the Globe for Paraffin Embedding (Fig. 5.8a)
2.6 Discussion/Comments
3 Retina: Obtain an Intact Retina in Minutes
3.1 Background
3.2 Pathological Anatomy
3.3 Materials and Instruments
3.4 Technique (Fig. 5.11a)
3.5 Discussion/Comments
4 Conjunctiva: Harvest a Large Area of Conjunctiva
4.1 Background
4.2 Anatomy
4.3 Instruments
4.4 Technique 1: The Collection of a Small Piece of Bulbar Conjunctiva (Fig. 5.14a)
4.5 Technique 2: Specimen Collection of a Large Piece of Conjunctiva
4.6 Discussion/Comments
5 Tympanic Bulla: Intra-cranial and Extra-cranial Approaches
5.1 Background
5.2 Anatomy
5.3 Instrument
5.4 Technique 1: Intracranial Approach (Fig. 5.20a)
5.5 Technique 2: Extracranial Approach (Fig. 5.21a)
5.6 Discussion/Comments
6 Thyroid and Parathyroid Gland: Surgical Approaches
6.1 Background
6.2 Anatomy
6.3 Instruments
6.4 Technique (Fig. 5.27a)
6.5 Discussion/Comments
7 Large Blood Vessels: Preserving the Physiologic Shape in Pathological Specimens
7.1 Background
7.2 Anatomy
7.3 Instruments
7.4 Technique
7.5 Discussion/Comments
8 Thymus Gland: Harvest an Intact Gland with Tissue Glue
8.1 Background
8.2 Anatomy
8.3 Equipment and Instruments
8.4 Technique (Fig. 5.41a)
8.5 Discussion/Comments
9 Brain and Spinal Cord: Harvest Both Together and Keep Them Intact
9.1 Background
9.2 Anatomy
9.3 Instruments
9.4 Technique 1: Spinal Cord In Situ
9.5 Technique 2: In Vitro Collection of Spinal Cord (Fig. 5.47a)
9.5.1 Discussion/Comments
9.6 Technique 3: Collection of Brain and Spinal Cord
9.6.1 Technique
9.6.2 Discussion/Comments
10 Heart: Harvest Donor vs Sample Organ
10.1 Background
10.2 Anatomy
10.3 Instruments and Materials
10.4 Technique
10.5 Discussion/Comments
10.6 Instruments and Materials
10.7 Technique
10.8 Discussion/Comment
11 Lungs: Fast Way to Eliminate Air
11.1 Background
11.2 Anatomy
11.3 Instrument
11.4 Technique
11.5 Discussion/Comments
12 Liver: Harvest an Intact Liver
12.1 Background
12.2 Anatomy
12.3 Instruments
12.4 Technique
12.5 Discussion/Comments
13 Spleen: Harvest Spleen In Vivo with Minimal Damage
13.1 Background
13.2 Anatomy
13.3 Instrument
13.4 Technique
13.5 Discussion/Comments
14 Pancreas: A Perfusion Technique
14.1 Background
14.2 Anatomy
14.3 Special Instruments and Material
14.4 Technique
14.5 Discussion/Comments
15 Kidney: Harvest Donor Organ
15.1 Background
15.2 Anatomy (Using the Left Kidney for Illustration Purpose)
15.3 Instruments and Materials
15.4 Technique
15.5 Discussion/Comments
16 Cremaster Muscle: Abdominal Approach, Muscle Anatomy
16.1 Background
16.2 Anatomy
16.3 Instruments
16.4 Technique (Fig. 5.101a)
16.5 Discussion/Comments
6: Skinning the Mouse: The Tail-Tearing Technique
1 Overview: Various Glands Collection by Skinning
1.1 Background
2 Lacrimal Gland: Extra- and Intraorbital Lacrimal Glands
2.1 Background
2.2 Anatomy
2.3 Instruments
2.4 Technique (Fig. 6.4a)
3 Parotid Gland: Distinguish It from the Extra Orbital Lacrimal Gland
3.1 Background
3.2 Anatomy
3.3 Instrument
3.4 Technique (Fig. 6.7a)
3.5 Discussion/Comments
4 Zymbal’s Gland: Exposure Between Skin and Bone
4.1 Background
4.2 Anatomy
4.3 Instrument
4.4 Technique (Fig. 6.11a)
4.5 Discussion/Comments
5 Submandibular Gland: The Biggest Salivary Gland
5.1 Background
5.2 Anatomy
5.3 Instruments
5.4 Technique (Fig. 6.17a)
5.5 Discussion/Comments
6 Collecting Sublingual Gland: Searching Under the Submandibular Gland
6.1 Background
6.2 Anatomy
6.3 Instruments
6.4 Technique
6.5 Discussion/Comments
7 Hibernation Gland: Separate it from White Fat
7.1 Background
7.2 Anatomy
7.3 Instruments
7.4 Technique (Fig. 6.27a)
7.5 Discussion/Comments
8 Mammary Glands: Separate from Subcutaneous Fat
8.1 Background
8.2 Anatomy
8.3 Instruments
8.4 Technique (Fig. 6.33a)
8.5 Discussion/Comments
9 Sweat Glands: Exposure from Palmula Only
9.1 Background
9.2 Anatomy
9.3 Instruments
9.4 Technique (Fig. 6.37a)
9.5 Discussion/Comments
10 Preputial Gland in Male Mouse: A Pair of Subcutaneous Sex Gland
10.1 Background
10.2 Anatomy
10.3 Instrument
10.4 Technique (Fig. 6.42a)
10.5 Discussion/Comments
11 Preputial Gland in Female Mouse: Pigmentation Aiding in Identification
11.1 Background
11.2 Anatomy
11.3 Instruments
11.4 Technique (Fig. 6.46a)
11.5 Discussion/Comments
12 Harvesting the Vagina and Uteri: Without Laparotomy
12.1 Background
12.2 Anatomy
12.3 Instruments
12.4 Technique (Fig. 6.49a)
12.5 Discussion/Comments
13 Female Colon and Rectum: Without Laparotomy
13.1 Background
13.2 Anatomy
13.3 Instrument
13.4 Technique (Fig. 6.53a)
13.5 Discussion/Comments
14 Female Mouse Bladder: Without Laparotomy
14.1 Background
14.2 Anatomy
14.3 Instruments
14.4 Technique
14.5 Discussion/Comments (Fig. 6.59)
15 The Bulbourethral Gland: Anterior and Posterior Approaches
15.1 Background
15.2 Anatomy
15.3 Instruments
15.4 Technique
15.5 Discussion/Comments
16 Seminal Stick: Collecting Sperm in Solid State in the Urethra
16.1 Background
16.2 Anatomy
16.3 Instrument
16.4 Technique 1: Ventral Approach (Fig. 6.69a)
16.5 Technique 2: Dorsal Approach (Fig. 6.70a)
16.6 Discussion/Comments
7: Collecting Blood from Various Sites and Vessels
1 Introduction: Proper Selection of a Blood Vessel and Technique
2 Orbital Venous Sinus Blood Collection: An Overview – Six Techniques and Local Anatomy
2.1 Background
2.2 Appendix
2.2.1 Anatomy of Orbital Venous Sinus
3 Orbital Venous Sinus 1: Capillary Glass Tube
3.1 Background
3.2 Instruments and Materials
3.3 Technique 1: Small Amount Blood Collection
3.4 Technique 2: Large Amount Blood Collection (Fig. 7.18a)
3.5 Discussion/Comments
4 Orbital Venous Sinus 2: Pipette – Collect Maximal Amount of Blood
4.1 Background
4.2 Instruments and Materials
4.3 Technique (Fig. 7.22a)
4.4 Discussion/Comments
5 Orbital Venous Sinus 3: Pipette – Collect a Precise Volume of Blood
5.1 Background
5.2 Instruments and Materials
5.3 Technique (Fig. 7.25a)
5.4 Discussion/Comments
6 Orbital Venous Sinus 4: Needle Puncture – Blood Collection “Switch”
6.1 Background
6.2 Anatomy and Principle
6.3 Instruments and Materials
6.4 Blood Collection Method (Fig. 7.36a)
6.5 Discussion/Comments
7 Orbital Venous Sinus 5: Transcutaneous Approach with Syringe
7.1 Background
7.2 Anatomy
7.3 Equipment and Material
7.4 Technique (Fig. 7.37a)
7.5 Discussion/Comments
8 Orbital Venous Sinus 6: Transconjunctival Syringe – Transconjunctival Syringe
8.1 Background
8.2 Instruments and Materials
8.3 Technique (Fig. 7.38a)
8.4 Discussion/Comments
9 Facial Blood Vessels: Four Traditional and Two New Techniques
9.1 Background
9.2 Anatomy
9.3 Instrument
9.4 Technique
9.5 Discussion/Comments
10 Enucleation: Five Ways to Increase the Amount of Blood Collected
10.1 Background
10.2 Anatomy
10.3 Instruments and Materials
10.4 Technique
10.5 Discussion/Comments
11 External Jugular Vein: Using Needle Percutaneous vs Under Direct Visualization
11.1 Background
11.2 Anatomy
11.2.1 Important Points of Physiology
11.3 Instruments and Materials
11.4 Technique 1: Percutaneous (Fig. 7.69a)
11.4.1 Discussion/Comments
11.5 Technique 2: Under Direct Visualization
11.5.1 Discussion/Comments
12 Cardiopuncture: Collect Blood from the Left or Right Ventricle
12.1 Background
12.2 Anatomy
12.3 Equipment and Materials
12.3.1 Operation 1: Cardiac Puncture of the Right Heart (Fig. 7.76a)
12.3.2 Operation 2: Cardiac Puncture of the Left Heart (Fig. 7.77a)
12.4 Discussion/Comments
12.4.1 Tools and Materials
12.4.2 Procedure
12.4.3 No blood entering the needle
12.4.4 No Blood Coming during Aspiration
12.4.5 Blood Sample Quality
13 Posterior Vena Cava: Coagulation Study
13.1 Background
13.2 Anatomy
13.3 Instruments and Materials
13.4 Technique (Fig. 7.90a)
13.5 Discussion/Comments
14 Portal Vein: Antegrade vs Retrograde Technique
14.1 Background
14.2 Anatomy
14.2.1 1: The Retrograde Technique
Special Instruments
Technique
Discussion/Comments
14.2.2 Technique 2: Antegrade Technique to Collect a Small Amount Blood
Special Instruments
Technique (Fig. 7.95a)
Discussion/Comments
14.2.3 Technique 3: Antegrade Technique: To Collect a Large Amount of Blood
Instruments
Technique
Discussion/Comments
15 Saphenous Arteriovenous: Have Blood Form Droplets Properly
15.1 Background
15.2 Anatomy
15.3 Instruments
15.4 Technique (Fig. 7.98a)
15.5 Discussion/Comments
16 Lateral Marginal Vein: Distinguish from Small Saphenous Vein
16.1 Background
16.2 Anatomy
16.3 Instruments
16.4 Technique
16.5 Discussion/Comments
17 Dorsal Paw Vein: Front vs Hind Claws
17.1 Background
17.2 Anatomy
17.3 Instruments
17.4 Technique 1: Collecting Blood from the Dorsal Vein in Hind Paw (Fig. 7.107a)
17.4.1 Discussion/Comments
17.5 Technique 2: The Dorsal Forepaw Vein
17.6 Discussion/Comments
18 The Lateral Caudal Vessel: Collecting Multiple Samples with One Puncture
18.1 Background
18.2 Anatomy
18.3 Instrument
18.4 Technique (Fig. 7.112a)
18.5 Discussion/Comments
19 Median Caudal Artery and Vein
19.1 Background
19.2 Anatomy
19.3 Instruments and Materials
19.4 Technique (Fig. 7.116a)
19.5 Discussion/Comments
20 Tail Tip
20.1 Background
20.2 Anatomy
20.3 Instruments
20.4 Technique
20.5 Discussion/Comments
8: Collecting Other Specimens
1 Urine 1, Needle Aspiration
1.1 Background
1.2 Anatomy
1.3 Technique 1: Collecting Urine During an Abdominal Procedure
1.3.1 Background
1.3.2 Instruments and Materials
1.3.3 Technique
1.3.4 Discussion/Comments
1.4 Technique 2: Collecting Urine by Transcutaneous Approach
1.4.1 Background
1.4.2 Instruments
1.4.3 Technique
1.4.4 Discussion/Comments
1.5 Technique 3: Collecting Urine by Transabdominal Wall Approach
1.5.1 Background
1.5.2 Instruments
1.5.3 Technique
2 Urine 2, Stress: Special Condition
2.1 Background
2.2 Instruments and Materials
2.3 Technique (Fig. 8.10a)
2.4 Discussion/Comments
3 Urine 3, Pressing Bladder: Special Condition and Technique
3.1 Background
3.2 Anatomy
3.3 Technique (Fig. 8.12a)
3.4 Discussion/Comments
4 Urine 4, Catheterization: Male vs Female Mice
4.1 Background
4.2 Urinary Bladder Catheterization in Female Mice-A
4.2.1 Anatomy
4.2.2 Special Instruments and Materials
4.3 Female Mouse Urethral Catheterization, Conventional Technique-A (Fig. 8.21a)
4.3.1 Discussion/Comments
4.4 Female Mouse Urethral Catheterization-B
4.4.1 Instrument
4.4.2 Technique
4.4.3 Discussion/Comments
4.5 Male Mouse Urethral Catheterization-C
4.5.1 Anatomy
4.5.2 Special Instruments and Materials
4.5.3 Technique (Fig. 8.32a)
4.6 Discussion/Comments
5 Urine 5, Laboratory Sand
5.1 Background
5.2 Special Equipment and Materials (Fig. 8.33)
5.3 Special Property of the Laboratory Sand
5.4 Technique
5.5 Discussion/Comments
6 Cerebrospinal Fluid: Two Techniques
6.1 Background
6.2 Anatomy
6.2.1 Collecting CSF Under Direct Visualization
Instrument
Technique
6.2.2 Transcranial Technique
Instrument
Technique
Discussion/Comments
6.2.3 Transcranial Approach to Collect a Minimal Amount of CSF
Instruments and Materials
Technique
Discussion/Comments
7 Bile: Cannulation via Duodenum
7.1 Background
7.2 Anatomy
7.3 Instruments
7.4 Technique (Fig. 8.57a)
7.5 Discussion/Comments
8 Seminiferous Tubule Perfusion Technique
8.1 Background
8.2 Anatomy
8.3 Instrument
8.4 Technique (Fig. 8.64a)
8.5 Discussion/Comments
9 Coagulating Gland Imaging: Perfusion and Spreading Technique
9.1 Background
9.2 Anatomy
9.3 Instrument
9.4 Technique (Fig. 8.71a)
9.5 Discussion/Comments
10 Prostate Gland: Preparation for Observation and Imaging
10.1 Background
10.2 Anatomy
10.3 Special Equipment and Instruments
10.4 Technique
10.5 Discussion/Comments
11 Bone Marrow: Get Femur Without Muscle Attached
11.1 Background
11.2 Anatomy
11.3 Instrument
11.4 Technique (Fig. 8.83a)
11.5 Discussion/Comments
12 Lymph Nodes: Surgical Approach vs Skinning Techniques
12.1 Background
12.1.1 Lymph Node Collection: Skinning the Mouse
Anatomy
Skinning the Mouse to Expose the Lymph Nodes
12.1.2 Collect Lymph Nodes by Tearing the Tail
Anatomy
Technique
Tearing the Tail (Skin) to Expose the Lymph Nodes
12.1.3 Collecting Lymph Nodes Surgically
Anatomy
Technique
12.2 Discussion/Comments
Part III: Drugs Administration
Introduction
9: Gavage
1 Gavage: Technique Based on Applied Anatomy
1.1 Background
1.2 Anatomy
1.3 Instruments
1.4 Techniques
1.4.1 Technique-1 (Thumb-Index Finger Holding Syringe) (Fig. 9.4a)
1.4.2 Technique-2 (Thumb-Middle Finger Holding Syringe) (Fig. 9.5a)
1.5 Discussion/Comments
10: Intraperitoneal Injection
1 IP-1 Introduction: Different Intraperitoneal Injection Techniques
1.1 Background
1.2 Anatomy
1.3 The Absorption Pathway of Injected Intraperitoneal Drug
2 IP-2 Routine: A conventional technique
2.1 Background
2.2 Anatomy
2.3 Instrument
2.4 Technique (Fig. 10.10a)
2.5 Discussion/Comments
2.6 Excess Amount Injection (Fig. 10.12a)
3 IP-3 in Mouse with Giant Spleen: Injection Via the Scrotum
3.1 Background
3.2 Anatomy
3.3 Instrument
3.4 Technique 1: Right Posterior IP (Fig. 10.25a)
3.5 Technique 2: Scrotal Injection in Male Mice (Fig. 10.26a)
3.5.1 Discussion/Comments
3.6 Technique 3: Scrotal Injection in Female Mice (Fig. 10.28a)
3.6.1 Discussion/Comments
4 IP-4 in Mouse with a Full Bladder
4.1 Background
4.2 Instrument
4.3 Technique
4.3.1 Injection Technique-1: Lateral Approach
4.3.2 Injection Technique-2: Posterior Approach (Fig. 10.35)
4.3.3 Injection Technique-3: The Scrotal Approach (Figs. 10.36 and 10.37)
5 IP-5 Control the Entry into the Blood Circulation: Avoid “the First Pass Elimination”
5.1 Background
5.2 Anatomy
5.3 Instrument
5.4 Technique (Fig. 10.41)
5.5 Discussion/Comments
11: Various Muscular Injections
1 Introduction to Muscular Injections: Intramuscular, Extramuscular, Sub-epimysium
1.1 Extramuscular Injection
1.2 Sub-epimysium Injection
1.3 Intramuscular Injection
1.4 Discussion/Comments
2 Extramuscular Injection: Common Misconceptions
2.1 Background
2.2 Anatomy
2.3 Technique (Fig. 11.12a)
2.4 Discussion/Comments
3 IM-1 Adductor Magnus: For Muscle Electroporation
3.1 Background
3.2 Anatomy
3.3 Instrument
3.4 Technique (Fig. 11.17a)
3.5 Discussion/Comments
4 IM-2 Anterior Tibialis: A Reliable Low-Volume Intramuscular Injection
4.1 Background
4.2 Anatomy
4.3 Instrument
4.4 Technique (Fig. 11.24a)
4.5 Discussion/Comments
5 SE-1 Anterior Tibialis: The Preferred Site for Low Volume and Noninvasive
5.1 Background
5.2 Anatomy
5.3 Instruments
5.4 Technique (Fig. 11.31a)
5.5 Discussion/Comments
6 IM-3 Rectus Femoris: High-Volume Intramuscular Injection
6.1 Background
6.2 Anatomy
6.3 Technique 1: Freehand Injection
6.3.1 Special Instruments and Materials
6.3.2 Technique (Fig. 11.36a)
6.4 Technique 2: Injection with the Aid of a Restrainer
6.4.1 Special Instruments
6.4.2 Technique (Fig. 11.37a)
6.5 Discussion/Comments
7 IM-4 Trapezius: The Preferred Site in Neonatal Mice
7.1 Background
7.2 Anatomy
7.3 Special Instruments
7.4 Technique Used in Neonatal Mouse
7.5 Technique Used in Adult Mice (Fig. 11.43a)
7.6 Discussion/Comments
8 Trapezius: The Preferred Site for High-Volume Injection
8.1 Background
8.2 Anatomy
8.3 Instrument
8.4 Technique (Fig. 11.44a)
8.5 Discussion/Comments
9 IM-5 Abdominal Muscle: During a Laparotomy
9.1 Background
9.2 Anatomy
9.3 Special Instrument
9.4 Technique
9.5 Discussion/Comments
10 SE-3 Biceps Femoris: A High-Volume Injection
10.1 Background
10.2 Anatomy
10.3 Special Instruments
10.4 Technique (Fig. 11.54a)
10.5 Discussion/Comments
11 IM-6 Uterine: Limited Diffusion Injection
11.1 Background
11.2 Anatomy
11.3 Special Instruments
11.4 Technique (Fig. 11.60a)
11.5 Discussion/Comments
12 IM-7 Cervix: Exposure and Injection
12.1 Background
12.2 Anatomy
12.3 Instruments
12.4 Technique
12.5 Discussion/Comments
12: Skin Drug Administration
1 An Overview: Various Skin Injections – Mouse vs Human Skin Anatomy
1.1 Background
1.2 The Mode and Purpose of Skin Administration
1.3 Anatomy
1.4 Blood Vessels of the Skin
1.5 Special Instruments and Materials
1.6 Injection Technique
2 Subcutaneous Injection: Three Locations in the Trunk
2.1 Background
2.2 Anatomy
2.3 Instruments
2.4 Injection Technique 1: Subcutaneous Back Injection (Fig. 12.19a)
2.5 Discussion/Comments
2.6 Drug Injection Technique 2: Subcutaneous Waist Injection
2.6.1 Technique (Fig. 12.20a)
2.7 Drug Injection Technique 3: Subcutaneous Injection in Lateral Abdomen
2.8 Discussion/Comments
2.9 To Inject Gas
2.10 Discussion/Comments
3 Subcutaneous Injection: Inguinal Area
3.1 Background
3.2 Anatomy
3.3 Special Instruments
3.4 Technique (Fig. 12.26a)
3.5 Discussion/Comments
4 Subcutaneous Injection: Medial and Lateral Auricle
4.1 Background
4.2 Anatomy
4.3 Instruments
4.4 Technique 1: Foreign Body Implantation by Injection in the Dorsal Aspect of the Auricle (Fig. 12.32a)
4.5 Creating an Auricular Skin Window Model by Injection in the Inner Aspect of the Auricle
4.6 Discussion/Comments
5 Intradermal Injection: its definition in mice
5.1 Background
5.2 Anatomy
5.3 Instruments
5.4 Technique (Fig. 12.39a)
5.5 Discussion/Comments
6 Dermo Muscular Injection: In Upper Lip
6.1 Background
6.2 Anatomy
6.3 Instruments
6.4 Technique
6.5 Discussion/Comments
7 Subdermal Injection: In Upper Eyelid
7.1 Background
7.2 Anatomy
7.3 Instruments
7.4 Technique
7.5 Discussion/Comments
8 Full Cutaneous Injection: Involving Layers from Dermomuscular Layer to Dermis
8.1 Background
8.2 Anatomy
8.3 Instrument
8.4 Technique (Fig. 12.56a)
8.5 Discussion/Comments
9 Derma-Fascia Injection: Involving All Layers of Skin and Subcutaneous Superficial Fascia
9.1 Background
9.2 Anatomy
9.3 Instrument
9.4 Technique 1: From Shallow to Deep (Fig. 12.61a)
9.5 Technique 2: From Deep to Shallow (Fig. 12.62a)
9.6 Discussion/Comments
13: Injection in Subcutaneous Gland
1 Parotid Gland: Injection
1.1 Background
1.2 Anatomy
1.3 Special Instruments
1.4 Technique 1: Transcutaneous Parotid Gland Injection (Fig. 13.2a)
1.5 Discussion/Comments
1.6 Technique 2: Parotid Injection Under Direct Visualization (Fig. 13.3a)
1.7 Discussion/Comments
2 Mammary Gland: Proper Identification and Depth
2.1 Background
2.2 Anatomy
2.3 Instruments
2.4 Technique
2.5 Discussion/Comments
3 Preputial Gland in Male Mice: Percutaneous vs Under Direct Visualization
3.1 Background
3.2 Background
3.3 Instruments
3.4 Technique (Fig. 13.16a)
3.5 Discussion/Comments
4 Sweat Gland: Percutaneous Injection in Claw Palm
4.1 Background
4.2 Anatomy
4.3 Special Instruments
4.4 Technique
4.5 Discussion/Comments
14: Intravenous Injection
1 Introduction: Selection in 23 Different Veins
1.1 The Purpose and Principles of Intravenous Injection
1.2 Current Status of Intravenous Injection in Mice
1.3 Classification
1.4 Needle Selection
1.5 Analysis
2 Orbital Venous Sinus: An Uncertain Injection
2.1 Background
2.2 Anatomy
2.3 Instruments
2.4 Technique: Using the Right Eye as Example (Fig. 14.5a)
2.5 Discussion/Comments
3 Sublingual Vein: The Anatomy and Special Equipment
3.1 Background
3.2 Anatomy
3.3 Materials and Equipment
3.4 Technique (Fig. 14.7a)
3.5 Discussion/Comments
4 External Jugular Vein: Exposure and Different Injection Techniques
4.1 Background
4.2 Anatomy
4.3 Special Instruments
4.4 Technique 1: Longitudinal Skin Incision Technique – Left Side Used for Illustration (Fig. 14.13a)
4.5 Technique 2: Transverse Skin Incision (Fig. 14.14a)
4.6 Discussion/Comments
4.7 Technique 3: Trans-sternodermal Muscle – IV Injection Without Injury to the Pectoralis
4.7.1 The Sternodermal Muscle Anatomy
4.8 Technique 4: Transcutaneous Vein Injection
4.9 Discussion/Comments
5 Posterior Vena Cava: Hemostasis
5.1 Background
5.2 Anatomy
5.3 Instruments
5.4 Technique (Fig. 14.23a)
5.5 Discussion/Comments
6 Portal Vein: Fat Hemostatic Technique
6.1 Background
6.2 Anatomy
6.3 Instruments
6.4 Technique (Fig. 14.25a)
6.5 Discussion/Comments
7 Cecum Vein: Alternative to Portal Vein Injection
7.1 Background
7.2 Anatomy
7.3 Instruments
7.4 Technique
7.5 Discussion/Comments
8 Renal Vein: Hemostasis with Rolling Cotton Swab
8.1 Background
8.2 Anatomy
8.3 Instrument
8.4 Technique (Fig. 14.32a)
8.5 Discussion/Comments
9 Genital Vein in Male Mice: Hemostasis Using Two Cotton Swabs
9.1 Background
9.2 Anatomy
9.3 Special Instruments
9.4 Technique (Fig. 14.34a)
9.5 Discussion/Comments
10 Genital Artery and Vein: Proper Names and Injection Technique
10.1 Background
10.2 Anatomy
10.3 Instruments
10.4 Technique (Fig. 14.36a)
10.5 Discussion/Comments
11 Iliolumbar Vein: Pressure Hemostasis
11.1 Background
11.2 Anatomy
11.3 Instruments
11.4 Technique (Fig. 14.43a)
11.5 Discussion/Comments
12 Posterior Epigastric Vein: Hemostatic Technique with a Cushion
12.1 Background
12.2 Anatomy
12.3 Instruments
12.4 Technique
12.5 Discussion/Comments
13 Dorsal Penile Vein: Antegrade and Retrograde Injection
13.1 Background
13.2 Anatomy
13.3 Technique 1: Antegrade Injection
13.3.1 Special Equipment
13.3.2 Technique (Fig. 14.56a)
13.3.3 Discussion/Comments
13.4 Technique 2: Retrograde Injection
13.4.1 Equipment
13.4.2 Technique 2
13.4.3 Discussion/Comments
14 Glans Penis: Alternative to Intravenous Injection in Dorsal Penile Vein
14.1 Background
14.2 Anatomy
14.2.1 Blood Circulation of the Glans Penis
14.2.2 Penile Bone
14.3 Special Instruments
14.4 Technique (Fig. 14.72a)
14.5 Discussion/Comments
15 Femoral Vein: “Bowing” and Transmuscular Injection Techniques
15.1 Background
15.2 Anatomy
15.3 Technique 1: Antegrade Femoral Vein Injection – The Bowing Technique
15.3.1 Instruments
15.3.2 Technique (Fig. 14.76a)
15.3.3 Discussion/Comments
15.4 Technique 2: Retrograde Femoral Vein Injection
15.4.1 Instruments
15.4.2 Technique
15.4.3 Discussion/Comments
15.5 Technique 3: Transmuscular Intravenous Injection in Femoral Vein
15.5.1 Instruments
15.5.2 Technique
15.6 Discussion/Comments
16 Muscular Branch of Femoral Vein: Intravenous Injection Technique
16.1 Background
16.2 Anatomy
16.3 Instruments
16.4 Technique (Fig. 14.81a)
16.5 Discussion/Comments
17 Cutaneous Branch of Femoral Vein: Intravenous Injection of Drug or Tumor Cells
17.1 Background
17.2 Anatomy
17.3 Instruments
17.4 Technique 1: Cutaneous Branch of the Femoral Vein Injection, Following the Direction of Blood Flow – The Femoral Vein Being the Target Vessel (Fig. 14.85a)
17.5 Technique 2: Cutaneous Branch of the Femoral Vein Injection, Following the Direction of Blood Flow – The Distal End of the Femoral Vein Is the Target Vessel (Fig. 14.86a)
17.6 Technique 3: Retrograde Injection of the Cutaneous Branch of the Femoral Vein – The Target Is the Distal End of the Cutaneous Branch of the Femoral Vein (Fig. 14.87a)
17.7 Discussion/Comments
18 Saphenous Vein: “Bowing” Technique
18.1 Background
18.2 Anatomy
18.3 Instruments
18.4 Technique (Fig. 14.92a)
18.5 Discussion/Comments
19 Dorsal Metatarsal Vein: Intravenous Injection Technique Under Highly Mobile Skin
19.1 Background
19.2 Anatomy
19.3 Instruments
19.4 Technique (Fig. 14.97a)
19.5 Discussion/Comments
20 The Lateral Caudal Vein Intravenous Injection: Operation Designed According to Vascular Anatomy
20.1 Background
20.2 Anatomy
20.3 Operation 1: LCV IV with an Opaque Tail Vein Injection Restrainer
20.3.1 Equipment and Materials
20.3.2 Technique (Fig. 14.110a)
20.3.3 Discussion/Comments
20.4 Operation 2: LCV IV by Transillumination Tail Vein Injection Restrainer
20.4.1 Special Equipment (Fig. 14.114)
20.4.2 Technique (Fig. 14.115a)
20.5 Operation 3: Freehand Injection
20.5.1 Technique
20.5.2 Discussion/Comments
15: Organ Surface Drug Administration
1 Introduction: Minimizing the Physical Injury
1.1 Background
1.2 Anatomy
1.3 Discussion/Comments
2 Eye: Cornea and Conjunctiva
2.1 Background
2.2 Anatomy
2.3 Special Materials
2.4 Technique (Fig. 15.15a)
2.5 Discussion/Comments
3 Subconjunctival Injection: Small, Large, and over Mound Injection
3.1 Background
3.2 Anatomy
3.3 Instruments
3.4 Small Amount Injection Technique (Fig. 15.19a)
3.5 Large Amount Injection Technique (Fig. 15.20a)
3.6 Giving Subconjunctival Injection with the Eyeball Fixed
3.7 Discussion/Comments
4 Tongue: Submucosal Injection
4.1 Background
4.2 Anatomy
4.3 Instruments
4.4 Technique (Fig. 15.28a)
4.5 Discussion/Comments
5 Trachea and Lungs: Nasal Drops
5.1 Background
5.2 Anatomy
5.3 Instrument
5.4 Technique (Fig. 15.32a)
5.5 Discussion/Comments
6 Nasal Cavity
6.1 Background
6.2 Anatomy
6.3 Special Instrument
6.4 Technique (Fig. 15.39a)
6.5 Discussion/Comments
7 The Liver: Subserosa Injection
7.1 Background
7.2 Anatomy
7.3 Instruments
7.4 Technique (Fig. 15.43a)
7.5 Discussion/Comments
8 Spleen: Subserosa Injection
8.1 Background
8.2 Anatomy
8.3 Instruments and Materials
8.4 Technique (Fig. 15.54a)
8.5 Discussion/Comments
9 Kidney: Subserosa Injection
9.1 Background
9.2 Anatomy
9.3 Instruments
9.4 Technique (Fig. 15.60a)
9.5 Discussion/Comments
10 Kidney-2: Subfibrous Membrane Injection
10.1 Background
10.2 Anatomy
10.3 Instrument
10.4 Technique (Fig. 15.62a)
10.5 Discussion/Comments
11 Bladder: Subserosa and Submucosa Injection
11.1 Background
11.2 Anatomy
11.3 Instruments
11.4 Technique 1: Bladder Subserosa Injection (Fig. 15.74a)
11.5 Operation 2: Submucosal Injection of Bladder (Fig. 15.75a)
11.6 Discussion/Comments
12 Intestine: Sub-mesenteric Injection
12.1 Background
12.2 Anatomy
12.3 Instruments and Materials
12.4 Technique (Fig. 15.81a)
12.5 Discussion/Comments
13 Ovary: Subserosa Injection
13.1 Background
13.2 Anatomy
13.3 Instruments
13.4 Technique (Fig. 15.87a)
13.5 Discussion/Comments
14 Testis: Sub-tunica Albuginea Injection
14.1 Background
14.2 Anatomy
14.3 Instruments
14.4 Technique (Fig. 15.92a)
14.5 Discussion/Comments
15 Coagulating Gland: Intra-fascia Injection
15.1 Background
15.2 Anatomy
15.3 Special Instruments
15.4 Technique (Fig. 15.100a)
15.5 Discussion/Comments
16 Sciatic Nerve: Drug Administration
16.1 Background
16.2 Anatomy
16.3 Special Instruments
16.4 Technique (Fig. 15.104a)
16.5 Discussion/Comments
16: Organ Injection
1 Brain: Rapid Intracerebral Injection Technique
1.1 Background
1.2 Anatomy
1.3 Special Equipment and Materials
1.4 Technique
1.5 Discussion/Comments
2 Eye Anterior Chamber: Avoid Injury to the Corneal Endothelium and Iris
2.1 Background
2.2 Anatomy
2.3 Instrument
2.4 Technique (Fig. 16.12a)
2.5 Discussion/Comments
3 Vitreous Body Injection
3.1 Background
3.2 Anatomy
3.3 Instrument
3.4 Technique (Fig. 16.20a)
3.5 Discussion/Comments
4 Orbit: Retrobulbar Injection Technique
4.1 Background
4.2 Anatomy
4.3 Instruments
4.4 Technique (Fig. 16.25a)
4.5 Discussion/Comments
5 Lungs: Tumor Cell Implantation
5.1 Background
5.2 Anatomy
5.3 Technique
5.3.1 Technique-1: Injection Under Direct Visualization (Fig. 16.32)
Instrument
5.3.2 Technique 2: Transcutaneous Injection
Special Instrument
Technique
5.4 Discussion/Comments
6 Liver: Traditional Intrahepatic Injection
6.1 Background
6.2 Anatomy
6.3 Instrument
6.4 Technique (Fig. 16.42a)
6.5 Discussion/Comments
7 Spleen: Local Injection and the Splenic Vein
7.1 Background
7.2 Anatomy
7.3 Instruments
7.4 Technique (Fig. 16.49a)
7.5 Discussion/Comments
8 Kidney: Parenchyma and Pelvis Injection
8.1 Background
8.2 Anatomy
8.3 Special Instrument
8.4 Technique 1: Kidney Injection (Fig. 16.55a)
8.5 Discussion/Comments
8.6 Technique 2: Renal Pelvis Injection (Fig. 16.57a)
8.7 Discussion/Comments
9 Seminal Vesicle: Injection Directly
9.1 Background
9.2 Anatomy
9.3 Instruments
9.4 Technique (Fig. 16.65a)
9.5 Discussion/Comments
10 Uterus: Unilateral Drug Administration
10.1 Background
10.2 Anatomy
10.3 Instruments
10.4 Technique (Fig. 16.73a)
10.5 Discussion/Comments
11 Spinal Cavity: Lumbar Puncture
11.1 Background
11.2 Anatomy
11.3 Special Instruments
11.4 Technique (Fig. 16.77a)
11.5 Discussion/Comments
12 Bone Marrow Cavity: Injecting While Withdrawing the Needle
12.1 Background
12.2 Anatomy
12.3 Instruments
12.4 Technique (Fig. 16.87a)
12.5 Discussion/Comments
13 Knee Joint Cavity: Challenge in a Small Cavity
13.1 Background
13.2 Anatomy
13.3 Instruments
13.4 Technique (Fig. 16.103a)
13.5 Discussion/Comments
14 Fascia of Abdominal Aorta: Drug Administration and Hydrodissection
14.1 Background
14.2 Anatomy
14.3 Instruments
14.4 Technique 1: Intra-Fascia Drug Injection (Fig. 16.109a)
14.5 Discussion/Comments
14.6 Technique 2: Intrafascial Injection of Water Hydrodissection to Separate the Vessels (Fig. 16.110a)
14.7 Discussion/Comments
15 Femoral Vascular Fascia: Hydrodissection
15.1 Background
15.2 Anatomy
15.3 Special Instruments
15.4 Techniques (Fig. 16.112a)
15.5 Discussion/Comments
16 Subcutaneous Superficial Fascia Removal
16.1 Background
16.2 Anatomy
16.3 Instruments and Equipment
16.4 Technique (Fig. 16.114a)
16.5 Discussion/Comments
17 Cremaster Extramuscular Fascia Removal
17.1 Background
17.2 Anatomy
17.3 Instruments
17.4 Technique (Fig. 16.119a)
17.5 Discussion/Comments
18 Intrafascial Injection of the Prostate Gland
18.1 Background
18.2 Anatomy
18.3 Instruments
18.4 Technique (Fig. 16.126a)
18.5 Discussion/Comments
19 Lymph Node: Three Injection Techniques
19.1 Background
19.2 Anatomy
19.3 Special Instruments and Equipment
19.4 Technique 1: Peyer’s Node Injection (Fig. 16.133a)
19.5 Technique 2: Mesenteric Node Extension Injection (Fig. 16.134a)
19.6 Technique 3: Iliac Lymph Node Injection, Perfusion of the Lymph Duct (Fig. 16.135a)
19.7 Discussion/Comments
17: Perfusion
1 An Introduction to Indirect Administration: Concept and Scope of Application
2 Lungs: Through the Trachea
2.1 Background
2.2 Anatomy
2.3 Instruments
2.4 Technique
2.5 Discussion/Comments
3 Liver: Via the Common Bile Duct
3.1 Background
3.2 Anatomy
3.3 Instruments (Fig. 17.16a)
3.4 Technique
3.5 Discussion/Comments
4 Pancreas: Via the Common Bile Duct
4.1 Background
4.2 Anatomy
4.3 Special Instrument
4.4 Technique (Fig. 17.21a)
4.5 Discussion/Comments
5 Bladder: Through the Renal Pelvis
5.1 Background
5.2 Anatomy
5.3 Special Instruments and Equipment
5.4 Technique (Fig. 17.28a)
5.5 Discussion/Comments
6 Bladder-2: Through the Coagulating Gland
6.1 Background
6.2 Anatomy
6.3 Special Equipment
6.4 Technique (Fig. 17.36a)
6.5 Discussion/Comments
7 Seminal Vesicle: Through the Urethra with Special Ligation
7.1 Background
7.2 Anatomy
7.3 Special Instruments and Materials
7.4 Technique
7.5 Discussion/Comments
8 Prostate: Through Urethra with Special Ligation
8.1 Background
8.2 Anatomy
8.3 Instruments and Materials
8.4 Technique
8.5 Discussion/Comments
9 Coagulating Glands: Through the Urethra
9.1 Background
9.2 Anatomy
9.3 Instrument
9.4 Technique (Fig. 17.49a)
9.5 Discussion/Comments
10 Transvaginal Intrauterine Perfusion: Through the Vagina with a Large-Head Catheter
10.1 Background
10.2 Anatomy
10.3 Instruments
10.4 Technique (Fig. 17.57a)
10.5 Discussion/Comments
Part IV: Basic Surgical Techniques
Introduction
18: Preoperative Preparation
1 Avoid Hand Tremor: Causes and Prevention of Hand Tremor
1.1 Background
1.2 Preoperative Causes and Solutions of Hand Tremor
1.3 Intraoperative Causes and Solutions of Hand Tremor
1.4 Personal Factors and Countermeasures to Avoid Hand Tremor
19: Wound Closure
1 Suturing: Instructions and a Practice Device
1.1 Background
1.2 Suturing Practice Device and Instruments
1.3 Proper Needle Holding
1.4 Looking for Needle
1.5 Suturing Technique 1: Forehand
1.6 Microsuture Exercise 2: Backhand Suturing Technique
1.7 Suturing Technique 3: Vascular Anastomosis (Fig. 19.7a)
1.8 Discussion 1: Pulling Suture
1.9 Discussion 2: Knot Tying
1.10 Basic (Surgical) Knot (Fig. 19.9a)
1.11 Discussion/Comments
1.12 Knot Cutting 1 with Scissors
1.13 Knot Cutting 2 with Needle Holder and Forceps (Fig. 19.10)
2 Adhesion: Tissue Glue Application
2.1 Background
2.2 Instruments and Materials
2.3 Techniques
2.4 Discussion/Comments
3 Clamping: Use of Micro-Clip Specific Technique
3.1 Background
3.2 Special Instruments and Materials
3.3 Technique: An Abdominal Incision Is Used as an Example
20: Various Surgical Techniques and Instruments
1 Incising: Opening the Lingual Mucosa with a Knife and Needle
1.1 Background
1.2 Anatomy
1.3 Instruments and Materials
1.4 Technique (Fig. 20.5a)
1.5 Discussion/Comments
2 Bite: With a Micro-Rongeur in the Lingual Mucosa
2.1 Background
2.2 Anatomy
2.3 Instruments
2.4 Technique
2.5 Discussion/Comments
3 Excision: Full vs Partial Thickness of the Skin
3.1 Background
3.2 Anatomy
3.2.1 Skin Excision
Instruments
Technique (Fig. 20.18a)
Discussion/Comments
3.2.2 Use of a Skin Biopsy Punch
Instrument
Technique
Discussion/Comments
3.2.3 Excision of Dermis and Epidermis
Anatomy
Instrument
Technique (The Left Upper Lip Is Used for Illustration Here) (Fig. 20.24a)
Discussion/Comments
4 Surgical Punch and Electrocautery: In Partial Hepatectomy
4.1 Background
4.2 Anatomy
4.2.1 Precision Liver Punching
Special Instrument
Technique
Discussion/Comments
4.2.2 Partial Liver Excision with Cautery
Special Instrument
Technique (Fig. 20.31a)
5 Cutting: With Suture in the Kidney
5.1 Background
5.2 Anatomy
5.3 Instruments
5.4 Technique (Fig. 20.34a)
5.5 Discussion/Comments
6 Electrocautery: In Vasectomy
6.1 Background
6.2 Anatomy
6.3 Special Instruments
6.4 Technique (Fig. 20.43a)
6.5 Discussion/Comments
7 Transection: Removing a Segment of the Sciatic Nerve
7.1 Background
7.2 Anatomy
7.3 Technique (Fig. 20.47a)
7.4 Discussion/Comments
8 Truncation: Design and Use of a Precision Tail Cutter
8.1 Background
8.2 Anatomy
8.3 Special Instruments and Equipment
8.4 Technique (Fig. 20.54a)
8.5 Discussion/Comments
21: Organ Intubation
1 Anterior Chamber of Eye: Use of Micro-blade and Micro-intubation
1.1 Background
1.2 Anatomy
1.3 Instruments and Materials
1.4 Technique
1.5 Discussion/Comments
2 Trachea: A Conventional Technique – Tracheostomy
2.1 Background
2.2 Anatomy
2.3 Special Materials and Instruments
2.4 Technique (Fig. 21.15a)
2.5 Discussion/Comments
3 Intestines: Use of a Large Head Tube
3.1 Background
3.2 Anatomy
3.3 Special Materials
3.4 Technique (Fig. 21.21a)
3.5 Appendix: Modifying the PE 10 Tube
3.5.1 Background
3.5.2 Instruments and Materials
4 Common Bile Duct: Retrograde Intubation
4.1 Background
4.2 Anatomy
4.3 Instrument and Materials
4.4 Technique (Fig. 21.26a)
Part V: Vascular Surgery
Introduction
22: Introduction to Vascular Surgery
1 Introduction: Characteristics of Different Blood Vessels
1.1 Background
1.2 Principles of Vascular Cutting for Different Purposes
1.3 Anatomical Characteristics
23: Bleeding and Coagulation
1 Venipuncture: With Needle in the Sublingual Vein
1.1 Background
1.2 Anatomy
1.3 Special Instrument
1.4 Technique (Fig. 23.5a)
1.5 Discussion/Comments
2 Slicing: Opening the Sublingual Vein with Combined Needle-Knife Technique
2.1 Background
2.2 Anatomy
2.3 Spatial Equipment
2.4 Technique (Fig. 23.9a)
2.5 Discussion/Comments
3 Fenestration: In the Sublingual Vein with a Spatula Needle
3.1 Background
3.2 Anatomy
3.3 Equipment
3.4 Technique (Fig. 23.13a)
3.5 Discussion/Comments
4 Transection: A Transection Device for the Caudal Artery and Vein
4.1 Background
4.2 Anatomy
4.3 Equipment and Material
4.4 Technique (Fig. 23.22a)
4.5 Discussion/Comments
5 Thrombosis: Longitudinal Section in the Saphenous Vein
5.1 Background
5.2 Anatomy
5.3 Equipment and Instruments
5.4 Technique (Fig. 23.26a)
5.5 Discussion/Comments
24: Block Blood Flow
1 Stenosis: In the Aortic Arch Without Thoracotomy
1.1 Background
1.2 Anatomy
1.3 Special Instruments
1.4 Technique (Fig. 24.2a)
1.5 Discussion/Comments
2 Block and Cannulation: In the Common Carotid Artery with Special Cushion Plate
2.1 Background
2.2 Anatomy
2.3 Instruments and Materials
2.4 Technique (Fig. 24.8a)
2.5 Discussion/Comments
3 Suture Ligation: On the Deep Small Lumbar Arteries and Veins
3.1 Background
3.2 Anatomy
3.3 Special Equipment
3.4 Technique (Fig. 24.11a)
3.5 Discussion/Comments
4 Tube-Suture Blood Flow Blocker: Block Abdominal Aorta in Narrow Surgery Space
4.1 Background
4.2 Anatomy
4.3 Instruments and Materials
4.4 Technique (Fig. 24.14a)
4.5 Discussion/Comments
5 Electrocoagulation: Different Technique on Different Sized Blood Vessel
5.1 Background
5.2 Equipment
5.2.1 Electrocoagulation of Cutaneous Branch of the Posterior Abdominal Artery
Anatomy
Technique (Fig. 24.20a)
5.2.2 Electrocoagulation of Cutaneous Branch of Femoral Artery and Vein (Superficial Epigastric Artery and Vein)
Anatomy
Technique (Fig. 24.22a)
5.2.3 Femoral Artery Electrocoagulation
Anatomy
Technique (Fig. 24.24a)
5.3 Discussion/Comments
6 Ligation: The Traditional Way in Femoral Artery
6.1 Background
6.2 Anatomy
6.3 Special Instruments
6.4 Technique (Fig. 24.26a)
6.5 Discussion/Comments
7 Elastic Retractor: Temporary Blocking of the Common Carotid Artery
7.1 Background
7.2 Anatomy
7.3 Special Instruments
7.4 Technique (Fig. 24.29a)
8 Traction: Temporary Blocking of the Common Carotid Artery
8.1 Background
8.2 Anatomy
8.3 Special Instruments and Materials
8.4 Technique (Fig. 24.32a)
8.5 Discussion/Comments
25: Fenestration of Blood Vessels
1 Introduction to Vascular Fenestration: Five Techniques
1.1 Background
1.2 Anatomy and Physiology of Blood Vessels in Mice
1.3 Principle of Blood Vessel Fenestration
1.4 Vascular Fenestration Method
2 Biting: With Micro-Rongeur in the Sublingual Vein
2.1 Background
2.2 Anatomy
2.3 Special Instruments
2.4 Technique (Fig. 25.7a)
2.5 Discussion/Comments
3 Cutting: Traditional Fenestration Technique in the Posterior Vena Cava
3.1 Background
3.2 Anatomy
3.3 Special Instruments
3.4 Technique
3.5 Discussion/Comments
4 Pulling: With Suture in the Femoral Vein
4.1 Background
4.2 Anatomy
4.3 Special Instruments
4.4 Technique (Fig. 25.13a)
4.5 Discussion/Comments
5 Stitching: With Needle in the Femoral Vein
5.1 Background
5.2 Anatomy
5.3 Technique (Fig. 25.16a)
5.4 Discussion/Comments
26: Blood Vessels Intubation
1 Introduction of Vascular Intubation: Routine and Special Vascular Intubation
1.1 Background
1.2 Blood Vessels Suitable for Intubation
1.3 Instruments and Materials
1.4 Technique
1.5 Considerations in Some Specific Vessels
2 Limited Cerebral Perfusion: From the Aorta
2.1 Background
2.2 Anatomy
2.3 Special Equipment and Materials
2.4 Surgical Procedure (Fig. 26.9a)
2.5 Discussion/Comments
3 Microangiography of the Coronary Artery: From the Common Carotid Artery
3.1 Background
3.2 Anatomy
3.3 Special Instruments and Materials
3.4 Technique (Fig. 26.13a)
3.5 Discussion/Comments
4 Using a Trocar: Common Carotid Artery
4.1 Background
4.2 Anatomy
4.3 Special Equipment
4.4 Technique (Fig. 26.18a)
4.5 Discussion/Comments
5 Using a Sharp Tipped Polyethylene Tube: Common Carotid Artery
5.1 Background
5.2 Anatomy
5.3 Special Equipment and Supplies
5.4 Technique
5.5 Discussion/Comments
5.6 Appendix: Preparation of the Polyethylene Tube
5.6.1 Background
5.6.2 Tube Modification Process
5.6.3 Discussion/Comments
6 Arteriorvenous Shunt Intubation: Between the Common Carotid Artery and and External Jugular Vein
6.1 Background
6.2 Anatomy
6.3 Instruments and Materials
6.4 Technique
6.5 Discussion/Comments
7 Trans-muscular Intubation of the External Jugular Vein
7.1 Background
7.2 Anatomy
7.3 Instruments and Materials
7.4 Technique (Fig. 26.33a)
7.5 Discussion/Comments
8 External Jugular Vein Suture Thrombosis
8.1 Background
8.2 Anatomy
8.3 Materials and Instruments
8.4 Technique (Fig. 26.36a)
8.5 Discussion/Comments
9 Intubation in More Movable Vein: Portal Vein
9.1 Background
9.2 Anatomy
9.3 Instruments
9.4 Technique (Fig. 26.40a)
9.5 Discussion/Comments
10 Snugly Fit Tube Without Ligation: Posterior Vena Cava
10.1 Background
10.2 Anatomy
10.3 Special Instruments
10.4 Technique (Fig. 26.44a)
10.5 Discussion/Comments
11 Percutaneous Retrograde Intubation: Posterior Vena Cava
11.1 Background
11.2 Anatomy
11.3 Special Instruments and Materials
11.4 Technique (Fig. 26.48a)
11.5 Discussion/Comments
12 Connection After Intubation in a Narrow Space: Femoral Vein
12.1 Background
12.2 Anatomy
12.3 Special Instruments and Materials
12.4 Technique (Fig. 26.54a)
12.5 Discussion/Comments
13 Conventional Intubation: Femoral Artery
13.1 Background
13.2 Anatomy
13.3 Instruments and Materials
13.4 Technique: Using the Left Femoral Artery as an Example (Fig. 26.56a)
13.5 Discussion/Comments
14 Needle Hook Guide Intubation: Femoral Artery
14.1 Background
14.2 Anatomy
14.3 Special Instruments
14.4 Technique (Fig. 26.63a)
14.5 Discussion/Comments
14.6 Appendix: Making of a Needle Hook
14.7 Manufacturing Technique
15 Enlarging Incision Wound: Cutaneous Branch of Femoral Artery
15.1 Background
15.2 Anatomy
15.3 Special Materials and Instruments
15.4 Technique: The Left Cutaneous Branch of the Femoral Artery Is Used as an Example
15.5 Discussion/Comments
16 Indwelling Needle: Dorsal Penile Vein
16.1 Background
16.2 Anatomy
16.3 Special Instruments
16.4 Technique
16.5 Discussion/Comments
17 Indwelling Catheter: Median Caudal Artery
17.1 Background
17.2 Anatomy
17.3 Instruments and Materials
17.4 Technique
17.5 Discussion/Comments
18 Fixation Hoop: Lateral Caudal Vein Intubation
18.1 Background
18.2 Anatomy
18.3 Instruments and Materials
18.4 Technique
18.5 Discussion/Comments
Ind ex