The subject of the book is the description of the techniques, and the experimental and theoretical tools needed to construct a laser isotope separation and a laser cooling experiment. The book will describe the minimum quantum mechanical background and fundamentals of optics needed to understand the experiments. The book also shows examples of these laser isotope separation, laser cooling and laser scattering experiments.
This book provides the basics of how to construct a laser isotope separation experiment, as well as a laser cooling magneto optical trap. Beginning with a review the basic optics and quantum mechanics, the atom-field equations and rate equations that include the transition probabilities for lithium and rubidium are presented. Optical cavities, the interferometer, methods to adjust and stabilize the laser frequency, and the methods to obtain and use circularly polarized light will be described. The book includes a full description of different diode laser cavities and the methods to assemble and tune lasers.
The target audience for this book includes upper level undergraduate and graduate level students enrolled on courses such as modern techniques in experimental physics lab.
Key Features:
- Provides experimental details for laser cooling and trapping
- Includes laser isotope separation
- Describes the basic optics fundamentals needed to understand the experiments
- Includes chapter problems, exercises, and examples
- Explains the components and equipment needed
Author(s): Ignacio Enrique Olivares Bahamondes, German Patricio Carrazana Morales
Series: IOP Series in Coherent Sources, Quantum Fundamentals, and Applications
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 176
City: Bristol
PRELIMS.pdf
Preface
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Author biographies
Ignacio E Olivares
Patrick Carrazana
CH001.pdf
Chapter 1 History of our laser experiments
1.1 Laser isotope separation laboratory
1.2 Laser and optics laboratory
1.3 Teaching laboratory: Experimental Physics V
1.4 Advanced laboratory
1.5 Summary
References
CH002.pdf
Chapter 2 Saturated absorption spectroscopy
2.1 Description of saturated absorption spectroscopy
2.2 Multi-level atoms
2.3 The saturated absorption spectrometer
2.4 Semiquantitative ideas at two-level atoms
2.4.1 Excited and ground state populations
2.4.2 Calculating absolute values
2.4.3 Transition rates
2.4.4 Reduction to five levels for the 6Li−D2 line
2.5 Energy level diagram
References
CH003.pdf
Chapter 3 Optical instrumentation and detection
3.1 Geometrical optics
3.1.1 Laser beam expanders
3.2 Interference
3.2.1 The Michelson interferometer
3.2.2 Multiple beam interference in a single plate: demonstration of the Airy relations
3.2.3 Multiple beam interference: the Fabry–Perot interferometer
3.2.4 Fabry–Perot interferometer–Airy relations
3.2.5 Confocal scanning Fabry–Perot interferometer
3.2.6 Adding waves with phasor diagrams
3.2.7 Example: adding two waves
3.2.8 Geometry for adding N waves
3.2.9 The diffraction grating
3.3 Polarization of light
3.4 Linear polarizer and Malus law
3.5 The Brewster angle
3.5.1 The quarter-wave plate
3.5.2 How to install a quarter-wave plate
3.5.3 The half-wave plate
3.5.4 Dispersive equilateral prism
References
CH004.pdf
Chapter 4 Vapor generation and vacuum
4.1 Lithium isotope separation hardware
4.1.1 The heat pipe oven
4.1.2 Lithium ion source
4.1.3 Resonance lithium ionization spectroscopy hardware
4.1.4 Magnetic sector
4.1.5 Ion charge measurement
4.1.6 Einzel lens array
4.2 Preparing the vacuum for laser cooling
4.2.1 Observation optical cell: discussion of different methods
4.2.2 Introduction of neutral atoms using a rubidium getter
References
CH005.pdf
Chapter 5 Diode laser characteristics
5.1 Littrow grating diode laser cavity
5.2 Principles of operation of the grazing-incidence grating diode laser cavity
5.3 Nd:YAG laser
5.3.1 Pulse description
References
CH006.pdf
Chapter 6 Lithium Doppler-free absorption spectroscopy
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Experiment
6.3 Results
6.4 Conclusion
References
CH007.pdf
Chapter 7 Lithium Doppler-limited absorption spectroscopy
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Background
7.3 Experiment
7.4 Results
7.5 Discussions and conclusions
References
CH008.pdf
Chapter 8 Rubidium absorption spectroscopy
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Background
8.3 Experiment
8.4 Results
8.5 Discussion and conclusion
8.6 Transitions
References
CH009.pdf
Chapter 9 Lithium resonance ionization spectroscopy
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Background
9.3 Experiment
9.4 Results
9.5 Discussion and conclusion
References
CH010.pdf
Chapter 10 Lithium isotope separation
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Background
10.3 Lithium isotope separation experimental setup
10.4 Laser system
10.5 Isotope separation apparatus
10.6 Experimental overview
10.7 Results
10.8 Discussion and conclusion
References
CH011.pdf
Chapter 11 Laser cooling
11.1 The pump and the probe laser
11.2 Energy level diagram-laser cooling
11.3 Finding the spectral lines for repumping and cooling laser
11.4 Description of the Pound–Drever–Hall method for frequency stability of the pump and probe lasers
11.5 Installing the MOT optics
11.6 Polarizing optics: left and right circulating light
11.7 Anti-Helmholtz coils: magneto optical trap
11.8 Observation of the cloud with NIR camera
11.9 Analog control of laser intensities with a Glan–Thompson polarizer
11.10 Results
11.11 Discussion
References
CH012.pdf
Chapter 12 Mie scattering
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Theory
12.3 Experiment
12.4 Results
12.5 Discussion and conclusions
References
CH013.pdf
Chapter 13 Thomson scattering
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Theory
13.3 Thomson scattering experiment
13.4 Results
13.5 Conclusion
References
CH014.pdf
Chapter 14 Thomson scattering with impurities
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Different kind of ions in plasma
14.3 Experiment
14.4 Results: Thomson scattering spectra with impurity ions
14.5 Conclusion
References
