Linux Cookbook: Essential Skills for Linux Users and System & Network Administrators

Cover
Copyright
Table of Contents
Preface
Who Should Read This Book
Why I Wrote This Book
Navigating This Book
Conventions Used in This Book
Using Code Examples
O’Reilly Online Learning
How to Contact Us
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1. Installing Linux
Booting from Installation Media
Where to Download Linux
Best Linux for Newbies
1.1 Entering your System BIOS/UEFI Setup
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
1.2 Downloading a Linux Installation Image
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
1.3 Creating a Linux Installation USB Stick with UNetbootin
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
1.4 Creating a Linux Installation DVD with K3b
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
1.5 Using the wodim Command to Create a Bootable CD/DVD
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
1.6 Creating a Linux Installation USB Stick with the dd Command
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
1.7 Trying a Simple Ubuntu Installation
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
1.8 Customizing Partitioning
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
1.9 Preserving Existing Partitions
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
1.10 Customizing Package Selection
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
1.11 Multibooting Linux Distributions
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
1.12 Dual-boot with Microsoft Windows
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
1.13 Recovering an OEM Windows 8 or 10 Product Key
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
1.14 Mounting Your ISO Image on Linux
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
Chapter 2. Managing the GRUB Bootloader
2.1 Rebuilding Your GRUB Configuration File
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
2.2 Unhiding a Hidden GRUB Menu
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
2.3 Booting to a Different Linux Kernel
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
2.4 Understanding GRUB Configuration Files
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
2.5 Writing a Minimal GRUB Configuration File
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
2.6 Setting a Custom Background for Your GRUB Menu
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
2.7 Changing Font Colors in the GRUB Menu
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
2.8 Applying a Theme to Your GRUB Menu
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
2.9 Rescuing a Nonbooting System from the grub> Prompt
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
2.10 Rescuing a Nonbooting System from the grub rescue> Prompt
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
2.11 Reinstalling Your GRUB Configuration
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
Chapter 3. Starting, Stopping, Restarting, and Putting Linux into Sleep Modes
3.1 Shutting Down with systemctl
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
3.2 Shutting Down, Timed Shutdowns, and Rebooting with the shutdown Command
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
3.3 Shutting Down and Rebooting with halt, reboot, and poweroff
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
3.4 Sending Your System into Sleep Modes with systemctl
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
3.5 Rebooting Out of Trouble with Ctrl-Alt-Delete
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
3.6 Disabling, Enabling, and Configuring Ctrl-Alt-Delete in the Linux Console
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
3.7 Creating Scheduled Shutdowns with cron
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
3.8 Scheduling Automated Startups with UEFI Wake-Ups
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
3.9 Scheduling Automated Startups with RTC Wake-ups
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
3.10 Setting Up Remote Wake-Ups with Wake-on-LAN over Wired Ethernet
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
3.11 Setting Up Remote Wake-Ups over WiFi (WoWLAN)
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
Chapter 4. Managing Services with systemd
4.1 Learning if Your Linux Uses systemd
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
4.2 Understanding PID 1, the Mother of All Processes
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
4.3 Listing Services and Their States with systemctl
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
4.4 Querying the Status of Selected Services
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
4.5 Starting and Stopping Services
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
4.6 Enabling and Disabling Services
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
4.7 Stopping Troublesome Processes
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
4.8 Managing Runlevels with systemd
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
4.9 Diagnosing Slow Startups
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
Chapter 5. Managing Users and Groups
5.1 Finding a User’s UID and GID
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
5.2 Creating a Human User with useradd
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
5.3 Creating a System User with useradd
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
5.4 Changing the useradd Default Settings
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
5.5 Customizing the Documents, Music, Video, Pictures, and Downloads Directories
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
5.6 Creating User and System Groups with groupadd
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
5.7 Adding Users to Groups with usermod
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
5.8 Creating Users with adduser on Ubuntu
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
5.9 Creating a System User with adduser on Ubuntu
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
5.10 Creating User and System Groups with addgroup
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
5.11 Checking Password File Integrity
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
5.12 Disabling a User Account
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
5.13 Deleting a User with userdel
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
5.14 Deleting a User with deluser on Ubuntu
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
5.15 Removing a Group with delgroup on Ubuntu
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
5.16 Finding and Managing All Files for a User
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
5.17 Using su to Be Root
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
5.18 Granting Limited Root Powers with sudo
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
5.19 Extending the sudo Password Timeout
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
5.20 Creating Individual sudoers Configurations
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
5.21 Managing the Root User’s Password
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
5.22 Changing sudo to Not Ask for the Root Password
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
Chapter 6. Managing Files and Directories
6.1 Creating Files and Directories
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
6.2 Quickly Creating a Batch of Files for Testing
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
6.3 Working with Relative and Absolute Filepaths
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
6.4 Deleting Files and Directories
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
6.5 Copying, Moving, and Renaming Files and Directories
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
6.6 Setting File Permissions with chmod’s Octal Notation
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
6.7 Setting Directory Permissions with chmod’s Octal Notation
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
6.8 Using the Special Modes for Special Use Cases
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
6.9 Removing the Special Modes in Octal Notation
Problem
Solution
See Also
6.10 Setting File Permissions with chmod’s Symbolic Notation
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
6.11 Setting the Special Modes with chmod’s Symbolic Notation
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
6.12 Setting Permissions in Batches with chmod
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
6.13 Setting File and Directory Ownership with chown
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
6.14 Changing Ownership on Batches of Files with chown
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
6.15 Setting Default Permissions with umask
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
6.16 Creating Shortcuts (Soft and Hard Links) to Files and Directories
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
6.17 Hiding Files and Directories
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
Chapter 7. Backup and Recovery with rsync and cp
7.1 Selecting Which Files to Back Up
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
7.2 Selecting Files to Restore from Backups
Problem
Solution
See Also
7.3 Using the Simplest Local Backup Method
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
7.4 Automating Simple Local Backups
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
7.5 Using rsync for Local Backups
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
7.6 Making Secure Remote File Transfers with rsync over SSH
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
7.7 Automating rsync Transfers with cron and SSH
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
7.8 Excluding Files from Backup
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
7.9 Including Selected Files to Backup
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
7.10 Managing Includes with a Simple Include File
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
7.11 Managing Includes and Excludes with an Exclude File
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See also
7.12 Limiting rsync’s Bandwidth Use
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
7.13 Building an rsyncd Backup Server
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
7.14 Limiting Access to rsyncd Modules
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
7.15 Creating a Message of the Day for rsyncd
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
Chapter 8. Managing Disk Partitioning with parted
Overview
Partitioning Schemes
Partition Tables: GPT and MBR
BIOS and UEFI
Blocks and Sectors
8.1 Unmounting Your Partitions Before Using parted
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
8.2 Choosing the Command Mode for parted
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
8.3 Viewing Your Existing Disks and Partitions
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
8.4 Creating GPT Partitions on a Nonbooting Disk
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
8.5 Creating Partitions for Installing Linux
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
8.6 Removing Partitions
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
8.7 Recovering a Deleted Partition
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
8.8 Increasing Partition Size
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
8.9 Shrinking a Partition
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
Chapter 9. Managing Partitions and Filesystems with GParted
9.1 Viewing Partitions, Filesystems, and Free Space
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
9.2 Creating a New Partition Table
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
9.3 Deleting a Partition
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
9.4 Creating a New Partition
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
9.5 Deleting a Filesystem Without Deleting the Partition
Problem
Solution
See Also
9.6 Recovering a Deleted Partition
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
9.7 Resizing Partitions
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
9.8 Moving a Partition
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
9.9 Copying a Partition
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
9.10 Managing Filesystems with GParted
Problem
Solution
Discussion
Chapter 10. Getting Detailed Information About Your Computer Hardware
10.1 Collecting Hardware Information with lshw
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
10.2 Filtering lshw Output
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
10.3 Detecting Hardware, Including Displays and RAID Devices, with hwinfo
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
10.4 Detecting PCI Hardware with lspci
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
10.5 Understanding lspci Output
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
10.6 Filtering lspci Output
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
10.7 Using lspci to Identify Kernel Modules
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
10.8 Using lsusb to List USB Devices
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
10.9 Listing Partitions and Hard Disks with lsblk
Problem
Solution
Discussion
10.10 Getting CPU Information
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
10.11 Identifying Your Hardware Architecture
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
Chapter 11. Creating and Managing Filesystems
Filesystem Overview
11.1 Listing Supported Filesystems
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
11.2 Identifying Your Existing Filesystems
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
11.3 Resizing Filesystems
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
11.4 Deleting Filesystems
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
11.5 Using a New Filesystem
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
11.6 Creating Automatic Filesystem Mounts
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
11.7 Creating Ext4 Filesystems
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
11.8 Configuring the Ext4 Journal Mode
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
11.9 Finding Which Journal Your Ext4 Filesystem Is Attached To
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
11.10 Improving Performance with an External Journal for Ext4
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
11.11 Freeing Space from Reserved Blocks on Ext4 Filesystems
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
11.12 Creating a New XFS Filesystem
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
11.13 Resizing an XFS Filesystem
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
11.14 Creating an exFAT Filesystem
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
11.15 Creating FAT16 and FAT32 Filesystems
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
11.16 Creating a Btrfs Filesystem
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
Chapter 12. Secure Remote Access with OpenSSH
12.1 Installing OpenSSH Server
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
12.2 Generating New Host Keys
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
12.3 Configuring Your OpenSSH Server
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
12.4 Checking Configuration Syntax
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
12.5 Setting Up Password Authentication
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
12.6 Retrieving a Key Fingerprint
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
12.7 Using Public Key Authentication
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
12.8 Managing Multiple Public Keys
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
12.9 Changing a Passphrase
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
12.10 Automatic Passphrase Management with Keychain
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
12.11 Using Keychain to Make Passphrases Available to Cron
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
12.12 Tunneling an X Session Securely over SSH
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
12.13 Opening an SSH Session and Running a Command in One Line
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
12.14 Mounting Entire Remote Filesystems with sshfs
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
12.15 Customizing the Bash Prompt for SSH
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
12.16 Listing Supported Encryption Algorithms
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
Chapter 13. Secure Remote Access with OpenVPN
OpenVPN Overview
Certificate Authority
SSL Versus TLS
TUN/TAP
13.1 Installing OpenVPN, Server and Client
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
13.2 Setting Up a Simple Connection Test
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
13.3 Setting Up Easy Encryption with Static Keys
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
13.4 Installing EasyRSA to Manage Your PKI
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
13.5 Creating a PKI
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
13.6 Customizing EasyRSA Default Options
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
13.7 Creating and Testing Server and Client Configurations
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
13.8 Controlling OpenVPN with systemctl
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
13.9 Distributing Client Configurations More Easily with .ovpn Files
Problem
Solution
See Also
13.10 Hardening Your OpenVPN Server
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
13.11 Configuring Networking
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
Chapter 14. Building a Linux Firewall with firewalld
firewalld Overview
How Firewalls Work
Network Ports and Numbering
14.1 Querying Which Firewall Is Running
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
14.2 Installing firewalld
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
14.3 Finding Your firewalld Version
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
14.4 Configuring iptables or nftables as the firewalld Backend
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
14.5 Listing All Zones and All Services Managed by Each Zone
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
14.6 Listing and Querying Services
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
14.7 Selecting and Setting Zones
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
14.8 Changing the Default firewalld Zone
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
14.9 Customizing firewalld Zones
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
14.10 Creating a New Zone
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
14.11 Integrating NetworkManager and firewalld
Problem
Solution
See Also
14.12 Allowing or Blocking Specific Ports
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
14.13 Blocking IP Addresses with Rich Rules
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
14.14 Changing a Zone Default Target
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
Chapter 15. Printing on Linux
Overview
Finding Supported Printers and Scanners
CUPS Printer Drivers
PPDs Are Doomed
15.1 Using the CUPS Web Interface
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
15.2 Installing a Locally Attached Printer
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
15.3 Giving Printers Useful Names
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
15.4 Installing a Network Printer
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
15.5 Using Driverless Printing
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
15.6 Sharing Nonnetworked Printers
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
15.7 Correcting the “Forbidden” Error Message
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
15.8 Installing Printer Drivers
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
15.9 Modifying an Installed Printer
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
15.10 Saving Documents by Printing to a PDF File
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
15.11 Troubleshooting
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
Chapter 16. Managing Local Name Services with Dnsmasq and the hosts File
16.1 Simple Name Resolution with /etc/hosts
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
16.2 Using /etc/hosts for Testing and Blocking Annoyances
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
16.3 Finding All DNS and DHCP Servers on Your Network
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See also
16.4 Installing Dnsmasq
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
16.5 Making systemd-resolved and NetworkManager Play Nice with Dnsmasq
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
16.6 Configuring Dnsmasq for LAN DNS
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
16.7 Configuring firewalld to Allow DNS and DHCP
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
16.8 Testing Your Dnsmasq Server from a Client Machine
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
16.9 Managing DHCP with Dnsmasq
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
16.10 Advertising Important Services over DHCP
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
16.11 Creating DHCP Zones for Subnets
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
16.12 Assigning Static IP Addresses from DHCP
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
16.13 Configuring DHCP Clients for Automatic DNS Entries
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
16.14 Managing Dnsmasq Logging
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
16.15 Configuring Wildcard Domains
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
Chapter 17. Keeping Time with ntpd, chrony, and timesyncd
17.1 Finding Which NTP Client Is on Your Linux System
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
17.2 Using timesyncd for Simple Time Synchronization
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
17.3 Setting Time Manually with timedatectl
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
17.4 Using chrony for Your NTP Client
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
17.5 Using chrony as a LAN Time Server
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
17.6 Viewing chrony Statistics
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
17.7 Using ntpd for Your NTP Client
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
17.8 Using ntpd for Your NTP Server
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
17.9 Managing Time Zones with timedatectl
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
17.10 Managing Time Zones Without timedatectl
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
Chapter 18. Building an Internet Firewall/Router on Raspberry Pi
Overview
Pros and Cons of a Raspberry Pi Firewall/Router
Hardware Architecture
Rasberry Pi Banquet of Products
History and Purpose
18.1 Starting and Shutting Down Raspberry Pi
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
18.2 Finding Hardware and How-Tos
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
18.3 Cooling the Raspberry Pi
Problem
Solution
See Also
18.4 Installing Raspberry Pi OS with Imager and dd
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
18.5 Installing Raspberry Pi with NOOBS
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
18.6 Connecting to a Video Display Without HDMI
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
18.7 Booting into Recovery Mode
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
18.8 Adding a Second Ethernet Interface
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
18.9 Setting Up an Internet Connection Sharing Firewall with firewalld
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
18.10 Running Your Raspberry Pi Headless
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
18.11 Building a DNS/DHCP Server with Raspberry Pi
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
Chapter 19. System Rescue and Recovery with SystemRescue
19.1 Creating Your SystemRescue Bootable Device
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
19.2 Getting Started with SystemRescue
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
19.3 Understanding SystemRescue’s Two Boot Screens
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
19.4 Understanding SystemRescue’s Boot Options
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
19.5 Identifying Filesystems
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
19.6 Resetting a Linux Root Password
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
19.7 Enabling SSH in SystemRescue
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
19.8 Copying Files over the Network with scp and sshfs
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
19.9 Repairing GRUB from SystemRescue
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
19.10 Resetting a Windows Password
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
19.11 Rescuing a Failing Hard Disk with GNU ddrescue
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
19.12 Managing Partitions and Filesystems from SystemRescue
Problem
Solution
See Also
19.13 Creating a Data Partition on Your SystemRescue USB Drive
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
19.14 Preserving Changes in SystemRescue
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
Chapter 20. Troubleshooting a Linux PC
Overview
Prevention
Patience
20.1 Finding Useful Information in Logfiles
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
20.2 Configuring journald
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
20.3 Building a Logging Server with systemd
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
20.4 Monitoring Temperatures, Fans, and Voltages with lm-sensors
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
20.5 Adding a Graphical Interface to lm-sensors
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
20.6 Monitoring Hard Disk Health with smartmontools
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
20.7 Configuring smartmontools to Send Email Reports
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
20.8 Diagnosing a Sluggish System with top
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
20.9 Viewing Selected Processes in top
Problem
Solution
See Also
20.10 Escaping from a Frozen Graphical Desktop
Problem
Solution
Discussion
20.11 Troubleshooting Hardware
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
Chapter 21. Troubleshooting Networks
Diagnostic Hardware
21.1 Testing Connectivity with ping
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
21.2 Profiling Your Network with fping and nmap
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
21.3 Finding Duplicate IP Addresses with arping
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
21.4 Testing HTTP Throughput and Latency with httping
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
21.5 Using mtr to Find Troublesome Routers
Problem
Solution
Discussion
See Also
Appendix A. Software Management Cheatsheets
Package Management Commands
Managing Software on Ubuntu
Using add-apt to Install and Remove Repositories
Using dpkg to Install, Remove, and Inspect Packages
Using apt to Search, Inspect, Install, and Remove Packages
Using tasksel
Managing Software on Fedora
Using dnf to Manage Repositories
Using dnf to Manage Software
Managing Software on openSUSE
Using zypper to Manage Repositories
Using zypper to Manage Software
Index
About the Author