Contents
Lecture 1: Introduction to the Book
1.1 Motivation and Scope of the Book
1.2 Organization of the Book
1.3 Acknowledgments
Part I: Fundamental Principles and Properties of Pure Fluids
Lecture 2: Useful Definitions, Postulates, Nomenclature, and Sample Problems
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Useful Definitions
2.3 Postulates I and II (Adapted from Appendix A in T&M)
2.4 Sample Problem 2.1
2.4.1 Solution
2.5 Sample Problem 2.2
2.5.1 Solution
2.6 Nomenclature
Lecture 3: The First Law of Thermodynamics for Closed Systems: Derivation and Sample Problems
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Work Interactions
3.3 Sample Problem 3.1
3.3.1 Solution
3.4 Specific Types of Work Interactions
3.5 Sample Problem 3.2
3.5.1 Solution
3.6 Sample Problem 3.3
3.6.1 Solution
3.7 Postulate III (Adapted from Appendix A in T&M)
3.8 Energy Decomposition
3.9 Heat Interactions
3.10 The First Law of Thermodynamics for Closed Systems
Lecture 4: The First Law of Thermodynamics for Closed Systems: Thermal Equilibrium, the Ideal Gas, and Sample Problem
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Thermal Equilibrium and the Directionality of Heat Interactions
4.3 Postulate IV (Adapted from Appendix A in T&M)
4.4 Ideal Gas Properties
4.4.1 Equation of State (EOS)
4.4.2 Internal Energy
4.4.3 Enthalpy
4.4.4 Other Useful Relationships
4.5 Sample Problem 4.1: Problem 3.1 in T&M
4.5.1 Solution
Lecture 5: The First Law of Thermodynamics for Closed Systems: Sample Problem 4.1, Continued
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Sample Problem 4.1: Problem 3.1 in T&M, Continued
5.3 Solution 1: System III-Atmosphere (a)
5.4 Solution 2: System I-Gas (g)
5.5 Food for Thought
Lecture 6: The First Law of Thermodynamics for Open Systems: Derivation and Sample Problem
6.1 Introduction
6.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics for Open Systems
6.2.1 Notation
6.2.2 Derivation
6.3 Sample Problem 6.1: Problem 3.9 in T&M
6.3.1 Solution Strategy
6.3.2 Well-Mixed Gas Model System
6.3.3 Pressurization Step: Well-Mixed Gas Model System
6.3.4 Layered or Stratified Gas Model System
6.3.5 Pressurization Step: Stratified Gas Model System
6.3.6 Emptying Step: Well-Mixed Gas Model System
Lecture 7: The Second Law of Thermodynamics: Fundamental Concepts and Sample Problem
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Natural Processes
7.3 Statement (1) of the Second Law of Thermodynamics
7.4 Sample Problem 7.1
7.4.1 Solution
7.5 Statement (1a) of the Second Law of Thermodynamics
7.6 Heat Engine
7.7 Efficiency of a Heat Engine
7.8 Reversible Process
Lecture 8: Heat Engine, Carnot Efficiency, and Sample Problem
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Heat Engine
8.3 Theorem of Carnot
8.4 Corollary to Theorem of Carnot
8.5 Sample Problem 8.1
8.5.1 Solution
8.6 Theorem of Clausius
Lecture 9: Entropy and Reversibility
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Entropy
9.3 Reversible Process
9.4 Irreversible Process
Lecture 10: The Second Law of Thermodynamics, Maximum Work, and Sample Problems
10.1 Introduction
10.2 A More General Statement of the Second Law of Thermodynamics
10.3 Heat Interactions Along Reversible and Irreversible Paths (Closed System)
10.4 Work Interactions Along Reversible and Irreversible Paths (Closed System)
10.5 Sample Problem 10.1
10.5.1 Solution
10.6 Sample Problem 10.2
10.6.1 Solution
10.7 Criterion of Equilibrium Based on the Entropy
10.8 Sample Problem 10.3
10.8.1 Solution
Lecture 11: The Combined First and Second Law of Thermodynamics, Availability, and Sample Problems
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Closed, Single-Phase, Simple System
11.3 Open, Single-Phase, Simple System
11.4 Sample Problem 11.1
11.4.1 Solution
11.5 Sample Problem 11.2
11.5.1 Solution
Lecture 12: Flow Work and Sample Problems
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Sample Problem 12.1
12.2.1 Solution
12.3 Sample Problem 12.2: Problem 4.3 in T&M
12.3.1 Solution: Assumptions
Lecture 13: Fundamental Equations and Sample Problems
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Thermodynamic Relations for Simple Systems
13.3 Fundamental Equation
13.4 The Theorem of Euler in the Context of Thermodynamics (Adapted from Appendix C in T&M)
13.5 Sample Problem 13.1
13.5.1 Solution
13.6 Sample Problem 13.2
13.6.1 Solution
13.7 Variable Transformations and New Fundamental Equations
13.8 Sample Problem 13.3
13.8.1 Solution
13.9 Sample Problem 13.4
13.9.1 Solution
Lecture 14: Manipulation of Partial Derivatives and Sample Problems
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Two Additional Restrictions on the Internal Energy Fundamental Equation
14.3 Corollary to Postulate I
14.4 Reconstruction of the Internal Energy Fundamental Equation
14.5 Manipulation of Partial Derivatives of Thermodynamic Functions
14.6 Internal Energy and Entropy Fundamental Equations
14.7 Useful Rules to Calculate Partial Derivatives of Thermodynamic Functions
14.7.1 The Triple Product Rule
14.7.2 The Add Another Variable Rule
14.7.3 The Derivative Inversion Rule
14.7.4 Maxwell´s Reciprocity Rule
14.8 Sample Problem 14.1
14.8.1 Solution
14.9 Jacobian Transformations
14.9.1 Properties of Jacobians
14.10 Sample Problem 14.2
14.10.1 Solution
Lecture 15: Properties of Pure Materials and Gibbs Free Energy Formulation
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Gibbs Free Energy Fundamental Equation
15.3 Derivation of the Gibbs-Duhem Equation
15.4 Relating the Gibbs Free Energy to Other Thermodynamic Functions
15.5 First-Order and Second-Order Partial Derivatives of the Gibbs Free Energy
15.6 Determining Which Data Set Has the Same Thermodynamic Information Content as the Gibbs Free Energy Fundamental Equation
Lecture 16: Evaluation of Thermodynamic Data of Pure Materials and Sample Problems
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Summary of Changes in Entropy, Internal Energy, and Enthalpy
16.2.1 Using T and P as the Two Independent Intensive Variables
16.2.2 Using T and V as the Two Independent Intensive Variables
16.2.3 The Ideal Gas Limit
16.2.4 Relation between CP and CV
16.3 Sample Problem 16.1
16.3.1 Solution
16.4 Sample Problem 16.2
16.4.1 Solution
16.5 Evaluation of Changes in the Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Materials
16.5.1 Calculation of the Entropy Change
16.5.2 Strategy I
16.5.3 Strategy II
16.5.4 Strategy III
Lecture 17: Equations of State of a Pure Material, Binodal, Spinodal, Critical Point, and Sample Problem
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Equations of State of a Pure Material
17.3 Examples of Equations of State (EOS)
17.3.1 The Ideal Gas EOS
17.3.2 The van der Waals EOS
17.4 Sample Problem 17.1
17.4.1 Solution
17.5 Pressure-Explicit Form of the Isotherm P = f (V, T) of a Pure Material
17.6 Stable, Metastable, and Unstable Equilibrium
17.7 Mechanical Analogy of Stable, Metastable, and Unstable Equilibrium States
17.8 Mathematical Conditions for Stability, Metastability, and Instability
17.9 Mathematical Conditions for the Spinodal and the Critical Point
Lecture 18: The Principle of Corresponding States and Sample Problems
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Examples of Additional Equations of State (EOS)
18.2.1 The Redlich-Kwong (RK) EOS
18.2.2 Sample Problem 18.1
18.2.2.1 Solution
18.2.3 Sample Problem 18.2
18.2.3.1 Solution
18.2.4 The Peng-Robinson (PR) EOS
18.2.5 The Virial EOS
18.2.6 Sample Problem 18.3
18.2.6.1 Solution
18.3 The Principle of Corresponding States
18.3.1 The Compressibility Factor
18.3.2 Sample Problem 18.4
18.3.2.1 Solution
Lecture 19: Departure Functions and Sample Problems
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Sample Problem 19.1
19.2.1 Solution
19.3 Departure Functions
19.4 Calculation of the Entropy Departure Function, DS (T, P)
19.5 Calculation of the Helmholtz Free Energy Departure Function, DA(T, V)
19.6 Calculation of the Entropy Departure Function, DS (T, V)
19.7 Sample Problem 19.2
19.7.1 Solution
19.8 Important Remark
Lecture 20: Review of Part I and Sample Problem
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Basic Concepts, Definitions, and Postulates
20.3 Ideal Gas
20.4 The First Law of Thermodynamics for Closed Systems
20.5 The First Law of Thermodynamics for Open, Simple Systems
20.6 The First Law of Thermodynamics for Steady-State Flow Systems
20.7 Carnot Engine
20.8 Entropy of a Closed System
20.9 The Second Law of Thermodynamics
20.10 The Combined First and Second Law of Thermodynamics for Closed Systems
20.11 Entropy Balance for Open Systems
20.12 Maximum Work, Availability
20.13 Fundamental Equations
20.14 Manipulation of Partial Derivatives
20.15 Manipulation of Partial Derivatives Using Jacobian Transformations
20.16 Maxwell´s Reciprocity Rules
20.17 Important Thermodynamic Relations for Pure Materials
20.18 Gibbs-Duhem Equation for a Pure Material
20.19 Equations of State (EOS)
20.20 Stability Criteria for a Pure Material
20.21 Sample Problem 20.1
20.21.1 Solution
Part II: Mixtures: Models and Applications to Phase and Chemical Reaction Equilibria
Lecture 21: Extensive and Intensive Mixture Properties and Partial Molar Properties
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Extensive and Intensive Differentials of Mixtures
21.3 Choose Set 1: {T, P, N1, , Nn} and Analyze B = B (T, P, N1, , Nn)
21.4 Important Remarks
21.5 Choose Set 2: {T, P, x1, , xn-1, N} and Analyze B = B (T, P, x1, , xn-1, N)
21.6 Choose Set 1: {T, P, N1, , Nn} and Analyze B = B (T, P, N1, , Nn)
21.7 Choose Set 2: {T, P, x1, , xn-1, N} and Analyze B = B (T, P, x1, , xn-1, N)
Lecture 22: Generalized Gibbs-Duhem Relations for Mixtures, Calculation of Partial Molar Properties, and Sample Problem
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Partial Molar Properties
22.3 Useful Relations Between Partial Molar Properties
22.4 How Do We Calculate Cases 1, 2, and 3
22.5 Sample Problem 22.1
22.5.1 Solution
22.6 Generalized Gibbs-Duhem Relations for Mixtures
Lecture 23: Mixture Equations of State, Mixture Departure Functions, Ideal Gas Mixtures, Ideal Solutions, and Sample Problem
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Sample Problem 23.1
23.2.1 Solution
23.3 Equations of State for Gas Mixtures
23.3.1 Ideal Gas (IG) Mixture EOS
23.3.2 van der Waals (vdW) Mixture EOS
23.3.3 Peng-Robinson (PR) Mixture EOS
23.3.4 Virial Mixture EOS
23.4 Calculation of Changes in the Thermodynamic Properties of Gas Mixtures
23.4.1 Mixture Attenuated State Approach
23.4.2 Mixture Departure Function Approach
23.5 Ideal Gas Mixtures and Ideal Solutions
23.5.1 One Component (Pure, n = 1) Ideal Gas
23.5.2 Ideal Gas Mixture: For Component i
23.5.3 Ideal Solution: For Component i
Lecture 24: Mixing Functions, Excess Functions, and Sample Problems
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Sample Problem 24.1
24.2.1 Solution
24.3 Sample Problem 24.2
24.3.1 Solution
24.4 Sample Problem 24.3
24.4.1 Solution
24.5 Other Useful Relations for an Ideal Solution
24.6 Summary of Results for an Ideal Solution
24.7 Mixing Functions
24.7.1 The Mixing B and Reference States
24.7.2 Pure Component Reference State for Component j
24.7.3 Useful Relations for Mixing Functions
24.8 Mixing Functions: Mixing of Three Liquids at Constant T and P
24.9 Ideal Solution Mixing Functions
24.10 Excess Functions
Lecture 25: Ideal Solution, Regular Solution, and Athermal Solution Behaviors, and Fugacity and Fugacity Coefficient
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Ideal Solution Behavior
25.3 Regular Solution Behavior
25.4 Athermal Solution Behavior
25.5 Fugacity and Fugacity Coefficient
25.5.1 Variations of with Pressure
25.5.2 Variations of with Temperature
25.6 Other Relations Involving Fugacities
25.7 Calculation of Fugacity
25.8 The Lewis and Randall Rule
Lecture 26: Activity, Activity Coefficient, and Sample Problems
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Activity and Activity Coefficient
26.3 Pure Component Reference State
26.4 Calculation of Activity
26.5 Sample Problem 26.1
26.5.1 Solution
26.6 Sample Problem 26.2
26.6.1 Solution
Lecture 27: Criteria of Phase Equilibria, and the Gibbs Phase Rule
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Use of Other Reference States
27.3 Phase Equilibria: Introduction
27.4 Criteria of Phase Equilibria
27.4.1 Thermal Equilibrium
27.4.2 Mechanical Equilibrium
27.4.3 Diffusional Equilibrium
27.5 The Gibbs Phase Rule
Lecture 28: Application of the Gibbs Phase Rule, Azeotrope, and Sample Problem
28.1 Introduction
28.2 The Gibbs Phase Rule for a Pure Substance
28.3 Sample Problem 28.1
28.3.1 Solution
Lecture 29: Differential Approach to Phase Equilibria, Pressure-Temperature-Composition Relations, Clausius-Clapeyron Equation...
29.1 Introduction
29.2 Sample Problem 29.1
29.2.1 Solution
29.3 Simplifications of Eqs. (29.21) and (29.22)
Lecture 30: Pure Liquid in Equilibrium with Its Pure Vapor, Integral Approach to Phase Equilibria, Composition Models, and Sam...
30.1 Introduction
30.2 From Lecture 29
30.3 Pure Liquid in Equilibrium with Its Pure Vapor
30.4 Integral Approach to Phase Equilibria
30.4.1 Sample Problem 30.1
30.4.2 Solution Strategy
30.4.3 Calculation of Vapor Mixture Fugacities
30.4.4 Calculation of Liquid Mixture Fugacities
30.4.5 Calculation of Pure Component i Liquid Fugacity
30.4.6 Simplifications of Eq. (30.29)
30.4.7 Models for the Excess Gibbs Free Energy of Mixing of n = 2 Mixtures
30.4.8 Models for the Excess Gibbs Free Energy of Mixing of n > 2 Mixtures
Lecture 31: Chemical Reaction Equilibria: Stoichiometric Formulation and Sample Problem
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Contrasting the Calculation of Changes in Thermodynamic Properties With and Without Chemical Reactions
31.2.1 Case I: Closed Binary System of Inert Components 1 and 2
31.2.2 Case II: Closed Binary System of Components 1 and 2 Undergoing a Dissociation Reaction
31.3 Stoichiometric Formulation
31.4 Important Remark
31.5 Sample Problem 31.1
31.5.1 Solution
Lecture 32: Criterion of Chemical Reaction Equilibria, Standard States, and Equilibrium Constants for Gas-Phase Chemical React...
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Derivation of the Criterion of Chemical Reaction Equilibria
32.3 Derivation of the Equilibrium Constant for Chemical Reaction r
32.4 Derivation of the Equilibrium Constant for a Single Chemical Reaction
32.5 Discussion of Standard States for Gas-Phase, Liquid-Phase, and Solid-Phase Chemical Reactions
32.6 Comments on the Standard-State Pressure
32.7 Decomposition of the Equilibrium Constant into Contributions from the Fugacity Coefficients, the Gas Mixture Mole Fractio...
Lecture 33: Equilibrium Constants for Condensed-Phase Chemical Reactions, Response of Chemical Reactions to Temperature, and L...
33.1 Introduction
33.2 Derivation of the Equilibrium Constant for a Condensed-Phase Chemical Reaction
33.3 Determination of the Standard Molar Gibbs Free Energy of Reaction
33.4 Response of Chemical Reactions to Changes in Temperature and Pressure
33.5 How Does a Chemical Reaction Respond to Temperature?
33.6 Le Chatelier´s Principle
Lecture 34: Response of Chemical Reactions to Pressure, and Sample Problems
34.1 Introduction
34.2 How Does a Chemical Reaction Respond to Pressure?
34.3 Sample Problem 34.1
34.3.1 Solution
34.4 Sample Problem 34.2
34.4.1 Solution
Lecture 35: The Gibbs Phase Rule for Chemically-Reacting Systems and Sample Problem
35.1 Introduction
35.2 Sample Problem 35.1
35.2.1 Solution Strategy
35.2.2 Selection of Standard States
35.2.3 Remarks
35.2.4 Evaluation of Fugacities
35.2.5 Calculation of the Equilibrium Constant
35.2.6 Comment on the Standard-State Pressure
Lecture 36: Effect of Chemical Reaction Equilibria on Changes in Thermodynamic Properties and Sample Problem
36.1 Introduction
36.2 Sample Problem 36.1: Production of Sulfuric Acid by the Contact Process
36.3 Solution Strategy
36.4 Evaluation of K(T)
36.5 Derivation of the Second Equation Relating T and xi
Lecture 37: Review of Part II and Sample Problem
37.1 Introduction
37.2 Partial Molar Properties
37.3 Generalized Gibbs-Duhem Relations for Mixtures
37.4 Gibbs-Helmholtz Relation
37.5 Mixing Functions
37.6 Ideal Gas Mixtures
37.7 Ideal Solutions
37.8 Excess Functions
37.9 Fugacity
37.10 Variation of Fugacity with Temperature and Pressure
37.11 Generalized Gibbs-Duhem Relation for Fugacities
37.12 Fugacity Coefficient
37.13 Lewis and Randall Rule
37.14 Activity
37.15 Activity Coefficient
37.16 Variation of Activity Coefficient with Temperature and Pressure
37.17 Generalized Gibbs-Duhem Relation for Activity Coefficients
37.18 Conditions for Thermodynamic Phase Equilibria
37.19 Gibbs Phase Rule
37.20 Differential Approach to Phase Equilibria
37.21 Dependence of Fugacitities on Temperature, Pressure, and Mixture Composition
37.22 Integral Approach to Phase Equilibria
37.23 Pressure-Temperature Relations
37.24 Stoichiometric Formulation for Chemical Reactions
37.25 Equilibrium Constant
37.26 Typical Reference States for Gas, Liquid, and Solid
37.27 Equilibrium Constant for Gases Undergoing a Single Chemical Reaction
37.28 Equilibrium Constants for Liquids and Solids
37.29 Calculation of the Standard Molar Gibbs Free Energy of Reaction
37.30 Variation of the Equilibrium Constant with Temperature and Pressure
37.31 Sample Problem 37.1
37.31.1 Solution
Part III: Introduction to Statistical Mechanics
Lecture 38: Statistical Mechanics, Canonical Ensemble, Probability and the Boltzmann Factor, and Canonical Partition Function
38.1 Introduction
38.2 Canonical Ensemble and the Boltzmann Factor
38.3 Probability That a System in the Canonical Ensemble Is in Quantum State j with Energy Ej(N, V)
38.4 Physical Interpretation of the Canonical Partition Function
Lecture 39: Calculation of Average Thermodynamic Properties Using the Canonical Partition Function and Treatment of Distinguis...
39.1 Introduction
39.2 Calculation of the Average Energy of a Macroscopic System
39.3 Calculation of the Average Heat Capacity at Constant Volume of a Macroscopic System
39.4 Calculation of the Average Pressure of a Macroscopic System
39.5 Canonical Partition Function of a System of Independent and Distinguishable Molecules
39.6 Canonical Partition Function of a System of Independent and Indistinguishable Molecules
39.7 Decomposition of a Molecular Canonical Partition Function into Canonical Partition Functions for Each Degree of Freedom
39.8 Energy States and Energy Levels
Lecture 40: Translational, Vibrational, Rotational, and Electronic Contributions to the Partition Function of Monoatomic and D...
40.1 Introduction
40.2 Partition Functions of Ideal Gases
40.3 Translational Partition Function of a Monoatomic Ideal Gas
40.4 Electronic Contribution to the Atomic Partition Function
40.5 Sample Problem 40.1
40.5.1 Solution
40.6 Average Energy of a Monoatomic Ideal Gas
40.7 Average Heat Capacity at Constant Volume of a Monoatomic Ideal Gas
40.8 Average Pressure of a Monoatomic Ideal Gas
40.9 Diatomic Ideal Gas
Lecture 41: Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases of Diatomic Molecules Calculated Using Partition Functions and Sample Prob...
41.1 Introduction
41.2 Vibrational Partition Function of a Diatomic Molecule
41.3 Sample Problem 41.1
41.3.1 Solution
41.4 Rotational Partition Function of a Diatomic Molecule
41.5 Average Rotational Energy of an Ideal Gas of Diatomic Molecules
41.6 Average Rotational Heat Capacity at Constant Volume of an Ideal Gas of Diatomic Molecules
41.7 Fraction of Diatomic Molecules in the Jth Rotational Level
41.8 Rotational Partition Functions of Diatomic Molecules Contain a Symmetry Number
41.9 Total Partition Function of a Diatomic Molecule
41.10 Sample Problem 41.2
41.10.1 Solution
Lecture 42: Statistical Mechanical Interpretation of Reversible Mechanical Work, Reversible Heat, and the First Law of Thermod...
42.1 Introduction
42.2 Statistical Mechanical Interpretation of Reversible Mechanical Work, Reversible Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics
42.3 Micro-Canonical Ensemble and Entropy
42.4 Relating Entropy to the Canonical Partition Function
42.5 Sample Problem 42.1
42.5.1 Solution
42.6 Relating the Statistical Mechanical Relation, S = kBlnW, to the Thermodynamic Relation,
Lecture 43: Statistical Mechanical Interpretation of the Third Law of Thermodynamics, Calculation of the Helmholtz Free Energy...
43.1 Introduction
43.2 The Third Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy
43.3 Calculation of the Helmholtz Free Energy of a Pure Material Using the Canonical Partition Function
43.4 Sample Problem 43.1
43.4.1 Solution
43.5 Sample Problem 43.2
43.5.1 Solution
43.6 Sample Problem 43.3
43.6.1 Solution
Lecture 44: Grand-Canonical Ensemble, Statistical Fluctuations, and Sample Problems
44.1 Introduction
44.2 Grand-Canonical Ensemble
44.3 Statistical Fluctuations
44.4 Sample Problem 44.1
44.4.1 Solution
44.5 Sample Problem 44.2
44.5.1 Solution
44.6 Fluctuations in the Number of Molecules
44.7 Sample Problem 44.3
44.7.1 Solution
44.8 Equivalence of All the Ensembles in the Thermodynamic Limit
Lecture 45: Classical Statistical Mechanics and Sample Problem
45.1 Introduction
45.2 Classical Statistical Mechanics
45.3 Classical Molecular Partition Function
45.4 Classical Partition Function of an Atom in an Ideal Gas
45.5 Classical Partition Function of a Rigid Rotor
45.6 Classical Partition Function of a System Consisting of N Independent and Indistinguishable Molecules
45.7 Classical Partition Function of a System Consisting of N Interacting and Indistinguishable Molecules
45.8 Sample Problem 45.1
45.8.1 Solution
45.9 Simultaneous Treatment of Classical and Quantum Mechanical Degrees of Freedom
45.10 Equipartition of Energy
Lecture 46: Configurational Integral and Statistical Mechanical Derivation of the Virial Equation of State
46.1 Introduction
46.2 Modeling Gases at Number Densities Approaching Zero
46.3 Modeling Gases at Higher Number Densities
46.4 Derivation of the Virial Equation of State Using the Grand-Canonical Partition Function
Lecture 47: Virial Coefficients in the Classical Limit, Statistical Mechanical Derivation of the van der Waals Equation of Sta...
47.1 Introduction
47.2 Virial Coefficients in the Classical Limit
47.3 Spatial Dependence of the Two-Body Interaction Potential Including Its Long-Range Asymptotic Behavior
47.4 Sample Problem 47.1: Calculate the Second Virial Coefficient Corresponding to the Hard-Sphere Interaction Potential
47.4.1 Solution
47.5 Calculating the Second Virial Coefficient Corresponding to an Interaction Potential Consisting of a Hard-Sphere Repulsion...
47.6 Important Remarks About the Behavior of Interaction Potentials
47.7 Derivation of the van der Waals Equation of State Using Statistical Mechanics
Lecture 48: Statistical Mechanical Treatment of Chemical Reaction Equilibria and Sample Problem
48.1 Introduction
48.2 Expressing the Equilibrium Constant Using Partition Functions
48.3 Relating the Pressure-Based and the Number Density-Based Equilibrium Constants for Ideal Gas Mixtures
48.4 Sample Problem 48.1
48.4.1 Solution
Lecture 49: Statistical Mechanical Treatment of Binary Liquid Mixtures
49.1 Introduction
49.2 Modeling Binary Liquid Mixtures Using a Statistical Mechanical Approach
49.3 Calculating DeltaSmix Using the Micro-Canonical Ensemble
49.4 Range of Validity of the Lattice Description of Binary Liquid Mixtures
49.5 Lattice Theory Calculation
49.6 Calculation of Chemical Potentials
49.7 Molecular Characteristics of Ideal Solutions
Lecture 50: Review of Part III and Sample Problem
50.1 Introduction
50.2 Canonical Ensemble
50.3 Average Properties in the Canonical Ensemble
50.4 Calculation of the Canonical Partition Function
50.5 Molecular Partition Functions of Ideal Gases
50.6 Summary of Thermodynamic Functions of Ideal Gases
50.7 Grand-Canonical Ensemble
50.8 Average Properties in the Grand-Canonical Ensemble
50.9 Micro-Canonical Ensemble
50.10 Average Entropy in the Micro-Canonical Ensemble
50.11 Classical Statistical Mechanics
50.12 Calculation of Virial Coefficients
50.13 Statistical Mechanical Treatment of Chemical Reaction Equilibria
50.14 Statistical Mechanical Treatment of Binary Liquid Mixtures
50.15 Useful Constants in Statistical Mechanics
50.16 Useful Relations in Statistical Mechanics
50.17 Sample Problem 50.1
50.17.1 Solution
Solved Problems for Part I
Problem 1
Problem 3.4 in Tester and Modell
Solution to Problem 1
Solution Strategy
Solving the Problem
Other Possible Solution Strategies
Problem 2
Problem 3.8 in Tester and Modell
Solution to Problem 2
Solution Strategy
Problem 3
Problem 4.11 in Tester and Modell
Solution to Problem 3
Solution Strategy
Solving the Problem
Additional Comments
Problem 4
Problem 4.29 in Tester and Modell
Solution to Problem 4
Solution Strategy
Other Possible Solution Strategies
Problem 5
Problems 5.17 + 5.27 in Tester and Modell
Solution to Problem 5
Solution to Problem 5.17
Solution Strategy
Solution to Problem 5.27
Solution Strategy
Problem 6
Problem 5.28 in Tester and Modell
Solution to Problem 6
Solution Strategy
Other Possible Solution Strategies
Problem 7
Problem 8.2 in Tester and Modell
Solution to Problem 7
Solution Strategy
Problem 8
Problem 8.4 in Tester and Modell
Solution to Problem 8
Solution Strategy
Problem 9
Problem 8.6 in Tester and Modell
Solution to Problem 9
Solution Strategy
Problem 10
Adapted from Problem 8.15 in Tester and Modell
Solution to Problem 10
Solution Strategy
Derivations
Attenuated-State Approach
Departure Function Approach
Solved Problems for Part II
Problem 11
Problem 9.24 in Tester and Modell
Solution to Problem 11
Solution strategy
Problem 12
Problem 9.2 in Tester and Modell
Solution to Problem 12
Solution Strategy
Problem 13
Problem 9.23 in Tester and Modell
Solution to Problem 13
Solution Strategy
Selection of System and Boundaries
Problem 14
Problem 15.4 in Tester and Modell
Solution to Problem 14
Solution Strategy
Draw the System and Describe the Boundaries
Use the Gibbs Phase Rule
Draw a Schematic Phase Diagram
Decide Whether the Integral Approach or the Differential Approach Is More Appropriate
Solve the Problem
N2 Liquid/Solid Equilibrium
O2 Liquid/Solid Equilibrium
Problem 15
Problem 15.13 in Tester and Modell
Solution to Problem 15
Solution Strategy
Problem 16
Problem 16.7 in Tester and Modell
Solution to Problem 16
Solution Strategy
Other Possible Solution Strategies
Problem 17
Problem 16.11 in Tester and Modell
Solution to Problem 17
Solution Strategy
Problem 18
Problem 9.3 in Tester and Modell
Solution to Problem 18
Solution Strategy
Problem 19
Solution to Problem 19
Solution Strategy
Calculation of Phase Equilibria
Problem 20
Solution to Problem 20
Solution Strategy
Conditions of Phase Equilibria
Choosing the Differential Approach to Phase Equilibria
Solved Problems for Part III
Problem 21
Problem 21.1
Problem 21.2
Problem 21.3
Solution to Problem 21
Solution to Problem 21.1
Solution to Problem 21.2
Solution to Problem 21.3
Problem 22
Problem 22.1
Problem 22.2
Problem 22.3
Solution to Problem 22
Solution to Problem 22.1
Solution to Problem 22.2
Solution to Problem 22.3
Problem 23
Problem 23.1
Problem 23.2
Problem 23.3
Solution to Problem 23
Solution to Problem 23.1
Solution to Problem 23.2
Solution to Problem 23.3
Problem 24
Problem 24.1
Problem 24.2
Problem 24.3
Solution to Problem 24
Solution to Problem 24.1
Solution to Problem 24.2
Solution to Problem 24.3
Problem 25
Problem 25.1
Problem 25.2 (Adapted from D&B)
Problem 25.3
Solution to Problem 25
Solution to Problem 25.1
Problem Solution 25.2
Solution to Problem 25.3
