In the book of 'Lasers in Dermatology: Parameters and Choice,' specific laser parameters are described around each laser instrument for these novices. However, since it is impossible to treat effective and safe laser simply by memorizing parameters, it is described based on the important principles that is essential for parameter control.
This book describes a total of 13 lasers and energy-based devices : Q-switched ruby laser, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, picosecond alexandrite laser, long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser, pulsed-dye laser, intense pulsed light (IPL), long-pulsed alexandrite laser, Er:YAG laser, CO2 fractional laser, fractional microneedle radiofrequency (RF), light-emitting diode (LED), skin equipment, and 1,450nm diode laser.
And for novices, it explains the simple principles of lasers and the concepts you need to know when you start skin care and laser. It also explains the treatment of scars and melasma, which are the diseases that novices are most interested in. Finally, it describes post-inflammatory (PIH) and side effects and complications that novices are embarrassed about in diagnosis and treatment.
Author(s): Jae Dong Lee, Min Jin Maya Oh
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 203
City: Singapore
Preface
Contents
About the Authors
Part I: Principles of Laser
1: Six Parameters of Lasers in Dermatology
1.1 Light and Matter
1.2 Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)
1.3 Lasing Media
1.4 Energy Parameters
1.5 Skin Optics
1.6 Scattering and Spot Size
1.7 Chromophore and Absorption Coefficient
1.8 Laser-Tissue Interactions
1.9 Selective Photothermolysis
1.10 Thermal Relaxation Time (TRT)
1.11 Pulse Duration (PD) Vs TRT
1.12 Clinical End Point
1.13 Meanings of Parameters
1.14 Strategy
1.15 Conclusions
References
Part II: Choice of Laser and Medical Skin Care
2: Choice of Laser
2.1 Aesthetic Procedure Selection
2.2 Order of Laser Purchase
2.3 Order of Parameter Selection (Optical Thermal Model)
2.4 Misconceptions about Peak Power
2.5 Fluence Instability
2.6 Effect Versus Safety?
2.7 Therapeutic Window and Epidermal Bypass Effect
2.8 Selection of Pigment Lasers for Koreans
2.9 Strong and Weak Treatment of Lentigines
2.10 Skin Types
2.11 Treatment by Baumann Skin Type
References
3: Medical Skin Care
3.1 Medical Skin Care
3.2 Homecare
3.3 Laser Treatment Response of Pigmented Lesions and Patients that Should Not Be Overlooked
3.4 One-Time Treatment Vs Package Treatment
3.5 Package Therapy and Combination Therapy
3.6 My Procedure Sequence
References
Part III: Lasers and Parameters
4: Q-Switched Ruby Laser, Absorption Coefficient, and Spot Size Effect
4.1 Introduction of Q-Switched Ruby Laser
4.2 Three-Level and Four-Level Lasers
4.3 Indications
4.4 Absorption Coefficient
4.5 Defocusing Method
4.6 Spot Size Effect
4.7 Determination of Spot Size
4.8 Parameters
References
5: Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser and Subcellular Selective Photothermolysis
5.1 Overview of Q-Switched Nd:YAG Lasers
5.2 Indications
5.3 Subcellular Selective Photothermolysis
5.4 Golden Parameter of Laser Toning
5.5 One Shot Toning
5.6 Repeat Pulse Method
5.7 Focusing Method
5.8 Parameters
References
6: Picosecond Alexandrite Laser and Stress Relaxation Time
6.1 Overview of Picosecond Alexandrite Lasers
6.2 Indications
6.3 Plasma-Induced Ablation, Photodisruption, and Photoacoustic Effect
6.4 Stress Relaxation Time
6.5 Parameters
References
7: Long-Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser and Arrhenius Equation
7.1 Overview of Long-Pulsed Nd:YAG Lasers
7.2 Indications
7.3 Arrhenius Equation
7.4 Drawbacks of Nonablative Lasers
7.5 Fibroblasts in Papillary and Reticular Dermis
7.6 Parameters
References
8: Pulsed Dye Laser (PDL) and Macropulse
8.1 Overview of PDLs
8.2 Indications
8.3 Macropulse
8.4 Arrhenius Equation in Vascular Therapy
8.5 Repair and Re-Emergence of Blood Vessels
8.6 Purpura Threshold and Number of Subpulses
8.7 Parameters
References
9: Intense Pulse Light (IPL) and Extended Theory of Selective Photothermolysis
9.1 Overview of IPLs
9.2 Raw Spectrum and Indications
9.3 Optical Filter
9.4 Extended Theory of Selective Photothermolysis
9.5 Meaning of Multipulse
9.6 Parameters
References
10: Long-Pulsed Alexandrite Laser and Thermal Kinetic Selectivity
10.1 Overview of Long-Pulsed Alexandrite Lasers
10.2 Indications
10.3 Laser Selection for Epidermal Pigment Treatment
10.4 Thermal Kinetic Selectivity (TKS)
10.5 Relation Between Fluence and Pulse Duration
10.6 Permanent Hair Removal or Reduction
10.7 Parameters
References
11: Er:YAG Laser and Residual Thermal Damage (RTD)
11.1 Overview of Er:YAG Lasers
11.2 Indications
11.3 Mechanism of Ablative Rejuvenation
11.4 Water Vaporization Threshold
11.5 Residual Thermal Damage (RTD)
11.6 Thermal Relaxation Time (TRT) in Ablative Laser
11.7 Er:YAG Laser
11.8 Pros and Cons of Er:YAG Laser
11.9 Depth of Ablation and RTD
11.10 Calculation of Depth of Ablation and RTD in Er:YAG Laser
11.11 Spot Size in Ablative Laser
11.12 Parameters
References
12: CO2 Fractional Laser and Fractional Photothermolysis
12.1 Overview of CO2 Fractional Lasers
12.2 Indications
12.3 Laser Resurfacing
12.4 Comparison of Rejuvenation Methods
12.5 Fractional Photothermolysis and Melanin Shuttle
12.6 Relationship Between Treatment Density and Side Effects
12.7 Parameters of Fractional Lasers
12.8 FAST Method
12.9 Parameters
References
Part IV: Energy-based Devices and Parameters
13: Fractional Microneedle Radiofrequency and Conductivity
13.1 Overview of Needle RFs
13.2 Indications
13.3 Series Circuit and Parallel Circuit
13.4 Conductivity
13.5 Meaning of Parameters in Needle RF
13.6 Parameters
References
14: Light-Emitting Diode (LED) and Arndt–Schultz Curve
14.1 Overview of LEDs
14.2 Karu’s Photo-Biomodulation Band
14.3 Indications
14.4 Arndt–Schultz Curve
14.5 Mechanism of Low-Level Light Therapy (LLLT) by LED
14.6 Consensus on LED Effect
14.7 Personal Comments on Photomodulation
14.8 Parameters
References
15: Skin Care Equipment and Calcium Gradient
15.1 Overview of Skin Care Equipment
15.2 Functions of Skin and Keratinocyte
15.3 Calcium Gradient
15.4 Iontophoresis
15.5 Vitamin C
15.6 Sonophoresis
15.7 Treatment Method
References
Part V: Treatment of Acne, Scar and Melasma
16: 1450 nm Diode Laser and Consensus of Acne Treatment
16.1 Overview and Indications of 1450 nm Diode Lasers
16.2 Selective Photothermolysis to Target Sebaceous Glands
16.3 Pulse Duration of 1450 nm Diode Lasers
16.4 New Parameters
16.5 Mechanism of Acne Treatment Using 1450 nm Diode Lasers
16.6 Consensus on Acne Treatment
16.7 Parameters
References
17: Atrophic Acne Scar and Histology
17.1 Subtypes of Atrophic Acne Scars
17.2 Histology of Atrophic Acne Scars
17.3 Treatment of Atrophic Acne Scars
17.4 CO2 Pinhole Method
17.5 Combination Therapy
17.6 Order of Combination Therapies
17.7 Conclusion
References
18: Melasma and Melanogenesis
18.1 Diagnosis of Melasma
18.2 Issues of Melasma
18.3 Activated Melanocyte
18.4 Melanogenesis
18.5 Signaling Pathway
18.6 Depigmenting Agents and Melanogenesis
18.7 Effects of Laser Toning
18.8 Effective Therapy
18.9 Advices on Melasma Treatment
References
Part VI: Side Effects and Complications of Lasers
19: Pathogenesis and Treatment of Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH)
19.1 Overview of PIH
19.2 Epidemiology and Possible Etiology of PIH
19.3 Predicting PIH Occurrence
19.4 Prognostic Factors of PIH and Chromatic Tendency
19.5 Prognosis of PIH
19.6 Pathogenesis of PIH
19.7 Treatment of Post-Laser PIH
19.8 Conclusion
References
20: Complications and Management of Laser Therapy
20.1 Side Effects and Complications
20.2 Side Effects
20.2.1 Erythema
20.3 Important Complications
20.3.1 Acneiform Eruption
20.3.2 Hypopigmentation
20.3.3 Crusting and Vesiculation (Blistering)
20.3.4 Paradoxical Darkening
20.3.5 Paradoxical Hypertrichosis
20.3.6 Prolonged Post-Laser Resurfacing Erythema
20.3.7 Textural Imperfection
20.3.8 Scarring
20.3.9 Infection
20.3.10 Ocular Damage
References
