The National Academies Press, Washington, 2014, 311 pages, ISBN: 0309302161 9780309302166This book considers the potential of active EO technologies to create surprise; i.e., systems that use a source of visible or infrared light to interrogate a target in combination with sensitive detectors and processors to analyze the returned light.This report evaluates the fundamental, physical limits to active EO sensor technologies with potential military utility; identifies key technologies that may help overcome the impediments within a 5-10 year timeframe; considers the pros and cons of implementing each existing or emerging technology; and evaluates the potential uses of active EO sensing technologies, including 3D mapping and multi-discriminate laser radar technologies.Contents
Summary
Introduction
Applications
Report Scope and Committee Approach
Structure of This Report
Concluding ThoughtsActive electro-optical sensing approaches
Range Measurement Techniques
Laser Range Finders
One-Dimensional Range Profile Imaging Ladar
Two-Dimensional Active/Gated Imaging
Three-Dimensional Direct-Detection Active Imaging
Active Polarimetry
Underwater Sensing
Vibration Sensing
Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
Aerosol Sensing
Differential Absorption Lidar
Raman Sensing
Laser-Induced Fluorescence
Wind Sensing
Commercial Laser/Ladar ProductsEmerging electro-optical technologies
Multiwavelength Ladar
Temporal Heterodyne Detection: Strong Local Oscillator
Temporal Heterodyne Detection: Weak Local Oscillator
Synthetic-Aperture Ladar
Digital Holography/Spatial Heterodyne
Multiple Input, Multiple Output Active Electro-Optical Sensing
Speckle Imaging
Ladar Using Femtosecond Sources
Advanced Quantum Approaches
General Conclusions—Emerging SystemsActive electro-optical component technologies
Laser Sources for Imaging
Nonlinear-Optics-Based Sources
Detectors/Receivers
Framing Cameras
Remote Ultra-Low-Light Imaging
Graphene
Quantum Dot Infrared Detectors
Optical Antennas
Beam Steering and Stabilization
Thermal Management
Telescopes
Adaptive Optics
Processing, Exploitation, and DisseminationFundamental limits of active electro-optical sensing
Illumination Sources
Detectors
Signal Processing
Propagation Effects
Concluding Thoughts and Overarching Conclusion and Recommendation
Appendixes
Committee Biographies
Meetings and Participating Organizations
Laser Sources and Their Fundamental and Engineering Limits
