An operating system (OS) consists of programs that regulate the implementation of application programs, and serving as a go between of the client and PC hardware. The operating system manages the computer hardware systems well as giving a structure for applications to run. A few examples referenced in the volume are: Windows, Windows/NT, OS/2 and MacOS. The volume presents OS as advantageous and simple to use for the client, and makes handling client issues simpler. For a PC to begin running-for example, when it is organized or rebooted-it must have a primary program to run. This core system, or bootstrap program, will in general be straightforward. Normally, it is put in read-only memory (ROM) or digitally erasable read-only memory (EEPROM), referred by overall term firmware, inside the PC equipment. It launches all parts of the framework, from CPU catalogs to device regulators to memory elements. In multiprogramming systems, the OS determines which cycle gets the processor when and the duration. This capacity is known as process planning. The volume discusses an Operating System as doing these activities: • Keeps check of processor and process status of interaction. • Allocates the processor (CPU) to a function, and • De-assigns processors whenever a cycle is not generally needed.
Author(s): Jocelyn O. Padallan
Publisher: Arcler Press
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 278
City: Boston
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Figures
List of Abbreviations
Abstract
Preface
Chapter 1 An Overview on Operating System
1.1. Memory Management
1.2. Device Management
1.3. File Management
1.4. Processor Management
1.5. Security
1.6. A Brief History of Operating Systems (OSS)
1.7. Operating System (OS) Types
Chapter 2 Types of Operating Systems
2.1. Batch Operating System (OS)
2.2. Types of Batch Operating System (OS)
2.3. Working of the Batched Operating System (OS)
2.4. Advantages of Batch System
2.5. Disadvantages of Batch System
2.6. Time-Sharing Operating System (OS)
2.7. Requirements of the Time-Sharing Operating System (OS)
2.8. Advantages of Time-Sharing Operating System (OS)
2.9. Disadvantages of Time-Sharing Operating System (OS)
2.10. Distributed Operating System (OS)
2.11. Distributed Computing Models
2.12. Design Consideration of Distributed Operating System (OS)
2.13. Advantages of Distributive Operating System (OS)
2.14. Disadvantage of Distributive Operating Systems (OSS)
2.15. Network Operating System (NOS)
2.16. Types of Network Operating Systems (NOS)
2.17. Features of Network Operating System (NOS)
2.18. Real Time Operating System (OS)
2.19. Characteristics of Real Time Operating System (OS)
2.20. Real Time Operating System (OS) in Embedded Systems
2.21. Advantages and Features of Real Time Operating System (OS)
2.22. Disciplines that Impact Real Time Operating Systems (OS)
2.23. Real Time Operating System (OS) Architectures
2.24. Soft Real Time Operating System (OS)
2.25. Hard Real Time Operating System (OS)
Chapter 3 Popular Operating Systems
3.1. How Windows Versions Have Evolved Throughout the Years
3.2. Linux Operating System (OS)
3.3. Advantages and Disadvantages of Linux Operating System (OS)
3.4. The Virtual Machine System
3.5. Techniques Used in their Virtual Management Systems
3.6. The Aix Operating System (OS)
3.7. The Os/400
3.8. The Difference Between Os/400 Vs. Unix
3.9. Z/Os Operating System (OS)
Chapter 4 Operating System Properties
4.1. Batch Processing
4.2. Evolution of Batch Processing
4.3. Monitors and Dependencies in Batch Processing
4.4. Advantages of Batch Processing
4.5. Disadvantages of Batch Processing
4.6. Multitasking
4.7. Multiprograming
4.8. Types of Multiprogramming Operating Systems (OSS)
4.9. Advantages of Multiprograming
4.10. Disadvantages of Multiprogramming
4.11. Types of Interactive Systems
4.12. Real Time Systems
4.13. Applications of Real Time Systems
4.14. Spooling
4.15. Working of Spooling in Operating System (OS)
Chapter 5 Operating System – Processes
5.1. Process
5.2. Kernels
5.3. Program
5.4. Life Cycle of the Process
5.5. Process Control Block (PCB)
5.6. Process Scheduling
5.7. Two-State Process Model
5.8. Schedulers
5.9. Medium-Term Scheduling
5.10. Short-Term Scheduling
5.11. Dispatcher
5.12. Context Switch
5.13. Program Counter (PC)
5.14. Scheduling Algorithms
5.15. Scheduling Algorithms/Disciplines
5.16. Priority Scheduling
5.17. Shortest Remaining Time First
5.18. Fixed Priority Pre-Emptive Scheduling
5.19. Round-Robin Scheduling
5.20. Inter-Process Communication
Chapter 6 Operating System Multi-Threading
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Operating System (OS) Multi-Threading
6.3. Difference Between a Process and a Thread
6.4. Building Blocks for the Functioning of a Thread
6.5. The Central Processing Unit
6.6. Information Storage System
6.7. Similarities Between a Process and a Thread
6.8. Fibers in Multithreading
6.9. Preemptive and Cooperative Scheduling
6.10. Single and Multiprocessor System Scheduling
6.11. Thread Pools
6.12. Programming Language Support for Threads
6.13. Threads Data Synchronization
6.14. Types of Threads
6.15. Differences Between Kernel-Level Threads and User-Level Threads
6.16. Similarities Between User-Level Threads and Kernel-Level Threads
Chapter 7 Memory Management
7.1. Process Address Space
7.2. Address Spaces
7.3. Static Versus Dynamic Loading
7.4. Static Versus Dynamic Linking
7.5. Contrasts Between Static and Dynamic Linking
7.6. Swapping
7.7. Contiguous Memory Allotment in Operating System (OS)
7.8. Fragmentation
7.9. Paging
7.10. Address Translation
7.11. Segmentation
Chapter 8 Virtual Memory
8.1. Implementation of Virtual Memory
8.2. Demand Paging
8.3. Demand Segmentation
8.4. Swapping/Swap File
8.5. Page Replacement
Chapter 9 File System
9.1. File
9.2. File Structure
9.3. Types of File Systems
9.4. Structures of Directory in Operating System (OS)
9.5. File Access Mechanisms
9.6. Space Allocation
9.7. Allocation Based on Indexes
9.8. Design Limitations
Chapter 10 I/O Software and I/O Hardware
10.1. I/O Hardware
10.2. Device Controllers
10.3. The Memory Mapped Input Output System
10.4. Direct Memory Access
10.5. Direct Memory Access Controller
10.6. Interrupts Revisited
10.7. Precise and Imprecise Interrupts
10.8. I/O Software
10.9. Programmed I/O
10.10. I/O Using Direct Access Memory
Chapter 11 Operating System – Security
11.1. Common OS Security Threats
11.2. Program Threats
11.3. System Threats
11.4. One Time Passwords
11.5. Computer Security Classifications
Bibliography
Index
Back Cover
